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Topic: Cosmology (metaphysics)

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	Cosmology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cosmology is often an important aspect of the origin beliefs of religions and mythologies that seek to explain the existence and nature of the reality.
		Modern scientific cosmology is usually considered to have begun in 1917 with Albert Einstein's publication of his final modification of general relativity in the paper "Cosmological Considerations of the General Theory of Relativity," (although this paper was not widely available outside of Germany until end of World War I).
		Thus the big bang theory was proposed by the Belgian priest Georges Lemaître in 1927 and rapidly confirmed by Edwin Hubble's discovery of the red shift in 1929 and later by the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson in 1964.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cosmology (1440 words)

	Metaphysics in the New Age
		The word `metaphysics' is said to originate from the mere fact that the corresponding part of Aristotle's work was positioned right after the part called `physics'.
		But it is not unlikely that the term won a ready acceptance as denoting the whole field of knowledge because it conveyed the purpose of metaphysics, which is to reach beyond the nature (`physics') as we perceive it, and to discover the `true nature' of things, their ultimate essence and the reason for being.
		Cosmology and philosophical theology are its main branches.
	www.angelfire.com /hi/TheSeer/metaphysics.html (845 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Metaphysics
		Metaphysics, in so far as it treats of immaterial beings, is called special metaphysics and is divided into rational psychology, which treats of the human soul, rational theology, which treats of the existence and attributes of God, and cosmology, which treats of the ultimate principles of the universe.
		Metaphysics, in fact, is the most real of all the sciences precisely because by abstracting from everything eise, it has centred, so to speak, its thought on Being, which is the source and root of reality everywhere else in the other sciences.
		The condition of metaphysics is, indeed, such as to invite the contempt and provoke the disdain of the scientist; the fault, however, may lie not so much in the claims of metaphysics as in the vagaries of the metaphysicians.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10226a.htm (8561 words)

	20th WCP: The Origin of the Universe and Contemporary Cosmology and Philosophy
		In cosmology the first conception of creation out of nothing appeared and was promulgated already on the grounds of the relativist theory of the Big Bang, especially after 1970 when Penrose and Hawking proved their famous theorem on singularities.
		Great significance of interpretation in cosmology is emphasized by circumstances that while macroscopic physical theories such as classical mechanics — due to their relative "closeness" to experiment — have the so-called natural interpretation (which generally does not rouse any doubts) microphysics and cosmology theories may be interpreted in many different ways.
		Hawking's criticism of metaphysics seems to be a little bit outdated because it combines in itself elements of positivist philosophy of cognition with the conception of God, shared by Clark in the 18th century, filling in the gaps in natural science.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Meta/MetaSuch.htm (3300 words)

	R.G.Collingwood and A.N. Whitehead on Metaphysics, History, and Cosmology
		Of decisive importance for the development of his metaphysical system and his concept of metaphysics from 1934 onwards is the ascertainment that the abstract entities are actualized in the world of "bodies" and "minds" in a different way.
		Metaphysics, then, is primarily the study of the general characteristics of reality by means of an inquiry into the changing absolute presuppositions of human thought, of which cosmology is an important part.
		Metaphysics, in that respect, is the study of the general characteristics of reality by means of the description of changing presuppositions of human thought, of which cosmology is a part.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2875 (9806 words)

	sciforums.com - Metaphysics (?)
		Metaphysics doesn't have anything really significant to do with astronomy, although it would have something to do with cosmology.
		Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the most general features of reality, such as existence, the nature of mind, the nature of things (e.g., are there really objects, or do we only think there are?), space, time, causality, and God.
		An example of a metaphysical idea is Plato's idea of "forms," which says that corresponding to every thing there is a form in a special place like "another dimension"; and the mind accesses these forms in order to understand things.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?t=5974 (317 words)

	Spiritual Metaphysics
		Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that concerns the supreme and ultimate nature of all things in the universe.
		Metaphysics, of course, is God’s realm, containing the secrets science has long sought but, for centuries, have remained entirely elusive.
		Metaphysics was then restructured but remained in three parts, keeping cosmology, changing the name of rational psychology to speculative psychology and adding ontology.
	www.matrixbookstore.biz /metaphysics.htm (1892 words)

	Cosmology - Memory Alpha
		Cosmology is a branch of astronomy which studies the structure, origins, and space-time relationships of the universe.
		It is also a branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature and origin of the universe.
		He held five advanced degrees in theoretical cosmology and needed one year of hands-on experience in order to qualify for the Institute of Cosmology on Orion I, so he joined the crew of the USS Voyager.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Cosmology (167 words)

	metaphysics
		Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy consisting of ontology and cosmology.
		The term 'metaphysics' is often used to entail ideas and theories as to what kinds of beings are real, the nature of those beings and of the concepts and language used to think and speak or write about those beings.
		Metaphysical speculation about kinds of realities, which at one time dominated Western philosophy, has gradually given way to careful analyses of what can reasonably be posited about reality given what we know about how we come to experience reality and how we come to generate ideas about reality.
	skepdic.com /metaphysics.html (573 words)

	Metaphysics
		Metaphysics is supposed to answer the question "What is the nature of reality?" (see Metaphysics, introduction).
		But we cannot answer this question without first understanding what is the meaning of metaphysics, if any, and in what respect metaphysics differs from science, which tries to answer similar questions but through more concrete methods.
		Metaphysics is traditionally subdivided in ontology, the theory of being in itself, and cosmology, the theory describing the origin and structure of the universe.
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /METAPHYS.html (453 words)

	Cosmology [encyclopedia] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Western cosmology is entirely scientific in its approach, and has produced two famous models in modern times: the 'big bang' and the steady state hypotheses.
		Modern cosmology is the scientific study of the origin, development, and large-scale structure of the Universe.
		cosmology, cosmogony, cosmogeny = the branch of astrophysics that studies the origin and evolution and structure of the universe.
	www.kosmoi.com /Science/Astronomy/Cosmology (1019 words)

	Metaphysics
		Metaphysics is a term first used by Aristotle in his book titled "Metaphysics".
		The importance of metaphysics is analogous to the way we find information about something before we try to understand specifically what it is doing.
		Metaphysics can be be broken into two basic studies: ontology and cosmology.
	www.geocities.com /capecanaveral/7997/metaphysics.html (1964 words)

	Evolutionist Theories and Whitehead’s Philosophy
		Evolutionary cosmologies are commonly inspired by an interest in numerous well-documented phenomena of change, development, and ultimately transformation and supersession both of geological forms and of biological species over the course of time.
		Such cosmologies are almost always "vitalistic" in the sense of requiring auxiliary and somewhat ad hoc hypotheses to account for the apparent violation of the law of entropy in the impetus toward greater complexity manifested in the evolutionary process.
		Whitehead’s cosmology, by contrast, is influenced principally by mathematical physics (primarily relativity theory, and to a lesser degree, quantum mechanics).
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2574 (5132 words)

	cosmology - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about cosmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Modern cosmology began in the 1920s with the discovery that the universe is expanding, which suggested that it began in an explosion, the Big Bang.
		Another piece of evidence for the Big Bang theory is the cosmic background radiation, which was first observed in 1965 and can be interpreted as the radiation predicted as a necessary consequence of the Big Bang.
		(4) Earth, in the cosmology of Hesiod, is a disk surrounded by the river Oceanus and floating upon a waste of waters.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /cosmology (380 words)

	Cosmology: Uniting Space, Time, Matter, Motion&Universe with the Spherical Wave Structure of Matter
		That metaphysics has hitherto remained in so vacillating a state of uncertainty and contradiction, is only to be attributed to the fact, that this great problem, and perhaps even the difference between analytical and synthetical judgments, did not sooner suggest itself to philosophers.
		The problem of the one and the many in metaphysics and theology is insoluble: The history of philosophy in India as well as in Europe has been one long illustration of the inability of the human mind to solve the mystery of the relation of God to the world.
		Metaphysics: Problem of One and the Many - Brief History of Metaphysics and Solutions to the Fundamental Problems of Uniting the; One and the Many, Infinite and the Finite, Eternal and the Temporal, Absolute and Relative, Continuous and Discrete, Simple and Complex, Matter and Universe.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /cosmos-space-time-matter-motion.htm (4284 words)

	Kant's Critique of Metaphysics
		More specifically, Kant's criticism of the metaphysical disciplines centers on his efforts to show that the ideas of reason (the soul, the world and God), which are thought in accordance with the demand for the unconditioned, get erroneously “hypostatized” by reason, or thought as mind-independent “objects” about which we might seek knowledge.
		In each case the metaphysical conclusion is said to be drawn only by an equivocation in the use or meaning of a concept of the understanding.
		Rational cosmology is concerned with the arguments about the nature and constitution of the “world,” understood as the sum-total of all appearances (objects and events in space and time) (A420/B448).
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /entries/kant-metaphysics (10494 words)

	Cosmology articles on Encyclopedia.com
		cosmology COSMOLOGY [cosmology] area of science that aims at a comprehensive theory of the structure and evolution of the entire physical universe.
		The study of the origin of the universe, or cosmos, is known as cosmogony, and that of its structure and evolution, cosmology.
		metaphysics METAPHYSICS [metaphysics], branch of philosophy concerned with the ultimate nature of existence.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Cosmology (405 words)

	Ontology
		Whereas, in theology and library science and artificial intelligence, one typically adopts a relatively stable foundation ontology.
		This reflects a larger cosmology and probably morals, aesthetic examples or stories, by which foundation priorities have been set.
		In theology this is derived from a religion and its stable doctrines.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/o/on/ontology_1.html (765 words)

	Leibniz: Metaphysics
		But with Leibniz's cosmology it is hard to imagine any perspective from which such a cosmos could be said to subsist as a single thing; no matter how large our point of view, we are but the tiniest particles of some larger universe.
		He is himself the principle of the One, which keeps such a cosmology from being the most incomprehensible mess that it would be, were it without the infinite intellect there to contemplate it.
		There are infinite truths, purely mental things and not constructed of matter; examples of these truths are the number of blades of grass on my building's lawn, the number of blades of grass per square foot on average, and on and on, the truths describing everything that is and will ever be.
	www.angelhaunt.net /leibniz/metaphysics.html (1551 words)

	Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Metaphysics is supposed to answer the question "What is the nature of reality?" Metaphysics is divided into three, main categories or divisions.
		Cosmology is the subdivision of metaphysics that deals with the nature of nature.
		The term "cosmology" comes from the Greek word "kosmos." It means "order" and generally refers to the world and the universe.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/pvosta/pcrhum.htm (491 words)

	The Pseudo-Problem of Creation in Physical Cosmology
		The most fundamental question in cosmology is, 'Where did the matter we see around us originate in the first place?' This point has never been dealt with in the big bang cosmologies in which, at t = 0, there occurs a sudden and fantastic violation of the law of conservation of matter and energy.
		As indicated in the Introduction, the current observational credentials of the steady-state cosmology are generally held to be poor.
		We are now ready to see that despite the replacement of the classical big bang theory by quantum cosmology, the philosophical issues with which we have been concerned, as well as their resolution, remain essentially the same.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/adolf_grunbaum/problem.html (8513 words)

	Definition of Metaphysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		"The primary meaning of metaphysics is derived from those discussions by Aristotle, which he himself called the Fifst Philosophy, or Theology, and which deal with the nature of being, with cause or genisis, and with the existence of God.
		Later metaphysics was understood as the science of the supersensible.
		"The notion that metaphysics is concerned with that which transcends experience led to the positivistic denial of the possibility of metaphysical knowledge, while the critical spirit and logical point of view of Kant cuased metaphysics to be identified with the logic by Hegel.
	home.earthlink.net /~eldonenew/meta_def.htm (541 words)

	The Website of Quentin Smith Philosophy Cosmology Poetry Painting
		He works primarily in certain areas in philosophy, such as Metaphysics, Philosophy of Religion, Atheism, and Naturalism, Philosophy of Time, Philosophy of Language, Ethics, Philosophy of Physical Cosmology and Philosophy of Physics, The History of Analytic Philosophy, and Existentialism and Phenomenology.
		Regarding questions about religion, God, naturalism and atheism, Quentin of the Smith's work argues that big bang cosmology and quantum cosmology are inconsistent with the existence of God, and are the main topics discussed in the literature on Quentin Smith's work on atheism, naturalism, and the existence of God.
		Smith's position is that big bang cosmology and quantum cosmology confirm atheism or at least the belief that God probably does not exist.
	www.qsmithwmu.com (1053 words)

	Egyptian Cosmology: The Absolute Harmony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Discover the remarkably advanced Egyptian cosmology, which continues to be the Ancient Future of mankind and the universe.
		Egyptian cosmology is based on coherent scientific and philosophical principles, of the universe as a whole.
		From the casual reader to the serious student of metaphysics, Egyptian Cosmology is nothing short of fascinating as it surveys the applicability of Egyptian concepts to our modern understandings of the nature of the universe, creation, science, and philosophy.
	www.thealternativebookshop.com /aneg0004.html (557 words)

	New Age Books from Felicity Books
		The author is said to be a world champion athlete who seems to be on contact with a mystical entity known as Socrates.
		He observed their 'extraordinary meditations and their powerful effects.' The sect known as the Emissaries of Light is said to have existed for thousands of years.
		The author describes her discovery of how to employ the three powerful forces of herbal medicine, astrology and numerology into a powerful healing system.
	www.felicity.com.au /books_new.htm (3157 words)

	Tachyonic Metaphysics
		The goal is to acquire an Interdiscipline Synthesis Cosmology from which we may devise a Theory of Existence capable of explaining reality in both physical and metaphysical terms in a quantitative manner, with no restrictions on the result.
		One of the first conclusions arrived at while attempting to build such a theory is that the hypothetical particle called the "tachyon" can be used to explain a wide variety of previously unexplained natural and supernatural phenomena, including quantum gravity, the substance of spirit creatures, and actual magic.
		From metaphysics, we must look to mythology, religion, and folk-lore for descriptions of their interactions with humans.
	tachyonicmetaphysics.esmartweb.com (1508 words)

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