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Topic: Cost function

Related Topics

opportunity cost

production, costs, and pricing

low cost carriers

marginal costs

full cost accounting

sunk costs

transaction costs

social costs

Cost push inflation

capital costs

cost of production theory of value

fixed cost

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	The Cost Function
		The cost function and its analysis is due largely to the famous work of Paul Samuelson (1947) and Ronald Shephard (1953) [note: John Hicks (1939) obtained most of these relationships in the context of a consumer expenditure function].
		As we have demonstrated, the cost function C(w, y) is positively related to the scale of output.
		The average cost and marginal costs curves are due originally to Jacob Viner (1931) and thus the curves in Figure 8.6 are sometimes referred to as Viner curves.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/essays/product/cost.htm (6868 words)

	Cost Estimation
		Cost estimation based on expected functionality of the system was first proposed by Albrecht in 1979, and has since been researched by several people.
		This cost estimation is based on the use of the analysis methodology and the experience of the firm.
		It is therefore necessary to attempt to study a given cost estimation technique in relation to a given methodology to attempt to develop an empirical model which would have a higher explanatory power than that of current models.
	www.andrews.edu /~vyhmeisr/papers/costest.html (1920 words)

	Project Management for Construction: Cost Estimation
		Since the tradeoff between the capital cost and the operating cost is an essential part of the economic evaluation of a facility, the operating cost is viewed not as a separate entity, but as a part of the larger parcel of life cycle cost at the planning and design stage.
		Assuming that field supervision cost is 10% of the basic cost, and the general office overhead is 5% of the direct costs (sum of the basic costs and field supervision cost), find the prorated field supervision costs, general office overhead costs and total costs for the various elements of the project.
		Estimate the annual cost of maintenance per lane-mile of the tunrpike for which the traffic volume on the roadway is 750,000 ESAL and the age of the pavement is 4 years in 1985.
	www.ce.cmu.edu /pmbook/05_Cost_Estimation.html (11565 words)

	Chapter 7. A Hybrid Cost Function for Outpatient Nonmethadone Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		To obtain unbiased and efficient parameter estimates from a textbook cost function requires, among other things, that all firms in an industry use identical inputs and produce identical outputs, and that data on the quantity of all outputs produced and the prices of all inputs used by each firm are entered into the model.
		Economists use textbook cost functions to determine the economic properties of an industry's cost function, such as economies of scale and scope and the degree of input substitutability.
		To estimate a cost function, the model must be written as a specific functional form that allows for the possibility for economies of scale.
	www.drugabusestatistics.samhsa.gov /HSR/ch7.htm (8224 words)

	Products, Tools & Resources > What are Function Points? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In Case A, some 40 percent of the costs were for coding, while in Case B only 20 percent went to coding.
		The non-coding costs tend to behave inelastically and act as fixed costs, hence invalidating source code metrics as economic indicators.
		Function Points give software engineering researchers a way of sizing software through the analysis of the implemented functionality of a system from the user's point of view.
	www.spr.com /products/function.shtm (876 words)

	PostgreSQL: Documentation: Manuals: PostgreSQL 8.0: Index Cost Estimation Functions
		It must return estimates of the cost of accessing the index and the selectivity of the WHERE clauses (that is, the fraction of main-table rows that will be retrieved during the index scan).
		For simple cases, nearly all the work of the cost estimator can be done by calling standard routines in the optimizer; the point of having an amcostestimate function is to allow index access methods to provide index-type-specific knowledge, in case it is possible to improve on the standard estimates.
		The access costs should include all disk and CPU costs associated with scanning the index itself, but NOT the costs of retrieving or processing the main-table rows that are identified by the index.
	www.postgresql.org /docs/8.0/static/indexcost.html (733 words)

	VALUE ANALYSIS AND FUNCTION ANALYSIS SYSTEM TECHNIQUE
		The objective of the Function Cost Matrix approach is to draw the attention of the analysts away from the cost of components and focus their attention on the cost contribution of the functions.
		Functions to the right and outside of the right scope line represent the input side that "turn on" or initiate the subject under study and are known as lowest order functions.
		Supporting functions are usually secondary and exist to achieve the performance levels specified in the objectives or specifications of the basic functions or because a particular approach was chosen to implement the basic function(s).
	www.npd-solutions.com /va.html (4428 words)

	Marginal cost - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mathematically, the marginal cost (MC) function is expressed as the derivative of the total cost (TC) function with respect to quantity (Q).
		Externalities are costs (or benefits) that are not borne by the parties to the economic transaction.
		Variable cost also known as, operating costs, prime costs, on costs and direct costs, are costs which vary directly with the level of output, for example, labour, fuel, power and cost of raw material.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marginal_cost (1760 words)

	cost function - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "cost function" is defined.
		cost function : Glossary of research economics [home, info]
		Cost function : Deardorff's Glossary of International Economics [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=cost+function (102 words)

	Use Cases and Function Points (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Cost benefit analysis seeks the best ratio of benefits to cost; this means for example, finding the applications that will benefit the most from re-engineering efforts.
		The true cost of software is the sum of all costs for the life of the project including all expected enhancement and maintenance costs.
		Function points can be used to help specify key deliverables to a vendor, to ensure appropriate levels of functionality will be delivered, and to develop objective measures of cost effectiveness and quality.
	www.ifpug.com /Articles/usecases.htm (2780 words)

	SACS Minutes, February 2005, Attachment A - Standardized Account Code Structure (SACS) (CA Dept of Education) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		To provide a means of tracking these costs and other salary costs that apply to periods other than the current period, the CDE is exploring creating a new range of function (FN) codes within General Administration (7000-7999).
		This is because costs charged to a restricted resource generally are directly identifiable to a particular program and should not be coded to an agency-wide function.
		When something is coded to both a restricted resource and an indirect cost function, it can result in programs being charged twice for the same cost-once when it was charged to the resource and again as part of the indirect cost rate.
	www.cde.ca.gov /fg/ac/ac/indirectcost021005.asp (822 words)

	Earth Math
		Some of the terms we introduce in this section (cost, fixed cost, variable cost, marginal cost) may be unfamiliar to you. To see precise definitions and examples, click here or see the menu topic.
		These include a fixed cost, which remains constant regardless of the amount of oil extracted, and a variable cost per barrel extracted.
		The average variable cost of extracting oil is not constant. It is more expensive to extract oil from a greater depth, and so the higher the output level, the greater the cost per barrel extracted. For this reason, we will model the data provided above with a quadratic function. Round to three places.
	earthmath.kennesaw.edu /main_site/calculus/calc_oil_cost.htm (427 words)

	Corporate Cost Reduction Benchmarking Association
		The Corporate Cost Reduction Benchmarking Association™ is an association of management professionals that conduct benchmarking studies to identify the practices that improve the overall operations of the members.
		Benchmarking is a collaborative learning process among a group of companies to focus on specific operating practices, compare measures and results and identify improved processes within their organizations.
		Costs of studies are shared by the participants
	www.ccrba.com (601 words)

	Examples and exercises on the cost function for a firm with two variable inputs
		The isoquants of this function are smooth and convex to the origin, and for any input prices the firm optimally uses a positive amount of each input.
		As in the previous examples, for any fixed values of the input prices the total cost function is linear in output y.
		the cost function is linear in output y.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~osborne/2x3/tutorial/COST2EX.HTM (537 words)

	CiteULike: Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter: Theoretical Aspects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As in variational and ensemble data assimilation methods, the cost function is derived using a Gaussian probability density function framework.
		In addition to the common use of ensembles in calculation of the forecast error covariance, the ensembles in MLEF are exploited to efficiently calculate the Hessian preconditioning and the gradient of the cost function.
		The cost of MLEF is comparable to the cost of existing ensemble Kalman filter algorithms.
	www.citeulike.org /user/eimaj42jdp/article/239716 (750 words)

	ECMWF
		A modification of the observation cost function to take into account the non-Gaussian nature of gross errors, has the effect of reducing the analysis weight given to data with large departures from the current iterand (or preliminary analysis).
		However, to obtain a strictly quadratic cost function the QC-weight is not allowed to change during the minimisation process, because the cost function shape would then change.
		The cost function value is increased/reduced for each simulation during the minimisation by a factor
	www.ecmwf.int /research/ifsdocs/CY28r1/Assimilation/Assimilation-06-5.html (892 words)

	Cost Function
		The cost function can be interpreted to measure the misfit between the actual posterior
		The cost function is minimised with respect to the posterior means
		The function f consists of two multiplications with matrices and a nonlinearity in between.
	www.cis.hut.fi /~harri/ch7/node5.html (1093 words)

	RE: st: translog cost function
		Stata can estimate both production and cost functions - look up frontier (or xtfrontier for panel data) in the STATA reference manual.
		Stata can only estimate for three types of error distribution-half normal, truncated normal and exponential so I don't know what you are planning to use.
		Don't have the reference of Atkinson so can't see the equations per se, but I would be most happy to have it as I too am toying with the idea of a cost function !!
	www.stata.com /statalist/archive/2006-05/msg00662.html (223 words)

	LTI-Lib: lti::costFunction Class Reference
		The cost functions are used to evaluate feature subsets of data sets.
		These cost functions are used by the feature selectors.
		Set the src data points and ids used for computation of the cost function.
	ltilib.sourceforge.net /doc/html/classlti_1_1costFunction.html (167 words)

	CPRE - Economic Cost Function Approach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This approach relies on econometric techniques known as cost functions to estimate an adequate level of resources for schools.
		This analysis usually produces an adjustment for city districts of two to three times the average expenditure level in the rest of the state.
		When combined with its reliance on complex statistical analyses that are difficult for most policy makers to understand, use of cost functions is problematic in the real political context of school finance reform (Reschovsky & Imazeki, 2000a).
	www.wcer.wisc.edu /cpre/finance/research/costfunction.php (247 words)

	ROI - Cost per Customer Calculator
		These instructions represent a very rudimentary approach to cost per customer acquired.
		If 50% of you site sales represent repeat business, then that should be taken into consideration when calculating cost per customer using this calculator.
		When setting cost per customer acquired goals for long term business relationships such as Web site hosting or subscriptions, you will need some means of factoring in the life-time value of the average customer.
	www.roi-web.com /calculator.shtml (210 words)

	Book: The estimation of a hybrid cost function for a railroad firm - UsingEnglish.com
		Home > Shop > The estimation of a hybrid cost function for a railroad firm
		The estimation of a hybrid cost function for a railroad firm
		No guarantees are made as to accuracy of prices and information.
	www.usingenglish.com /amazon/us/B0006Y5HGC.html (94 words)

	st: translog cost function
		I'm posting this on behalf of a colleague who's having problems to get the message through.
		Dear Stata users, I am trying to estimate a translog cost function with shadow prices using the approach of Atkinson and Halvorsen (1984).
		Next by thread: RE: st: translog cost function
	www.stata.com /statalist/archive/2006-05/msg00659.html (186 words)

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