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	Council communism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The central argument of Council Communism, in contrast to those of Social democracy and Leninist communism, is that workers' councils arising in the factories and municipalities are the natural form of working class organisation and state power.
		For these reasons, Council Communists held a critique of the Soviet Union as a capitalist state, believing that the Bolshevik revolution in Russia became a "bourgeois revolution" when a party bureaucracy replaced the old feudal aristocracy.
		A minor figure in the Council Communist movement in the Netherlands was Marinus van der Lubbe, whose name is attached to the burning of the Reichstag in 1933.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Council_communism (1007 words)

	Libertarian socialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Council communism continues today as a theoretical and activist position within Marxism, and also within libertarian socialism.
		The Russian word for council is "soviet," and during the early years of the revolution worker's councils were politically significant in Russia.
		Council communists also believed in diminishing the role of the party to one of agitation and propaganda, rejected all participation in elections or parliament, and argued that workers should leave the reactionary trade unions and form one big revolutionary union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Libertarian_socialism (5554 words)

	Council communism - OpenWiki
		Council communism continues today as a theoretical and activist position within Marxism, and also within Libertarian Socialism (Anarchism).
		The central argument of Council Communism, in contrast to those of Social-Democratic and Communist parties of the time, is that workers' councils arising in the factories and municipalities are the natural form of working class organisation and state power, as opposed to the Reformist and Bolshevik stress on vanguard parties, parliaments or governments.
		Furthermore, Council Communists held a critique of the Soviet Union as a capitalist state, believing that the Bolshevik revolution in Russia became a "bourgeois revolution" when a party bureaucracy replaced the old feudal aristocracy.
	www.infoshop.org /wiki/index.php/Council_communism (867 words)

	council
		The theory of council communism, which holds that socialism can only be achieved through the active participation of the broad mass of humanity, is scarcely known today yet in the early part of this century as a revolutionary wave rolled across Europe, it was a significant force.
		In this way the actual practice of Leninist and council communist groups was little different except that the Leninist groups saw themselves as something different and intervened into struggles to try to win the masses to their programme.
		The Council Communists were aware that many of their ideas were situation-specific, and without a doubt much of their writings have been passed by through the course of capitalist development.
	ca.geocities.com /red_black_ca/council.htm (1440 words)

	Council communism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The core principle of Council Communism is that the State and the economy should be managed by (Click link for more info and facts about workers' councils) workers' councils, composed of delegates elected at workplaces and recallable at any moment.
		A minor figure in the Council Communist movement in the Netherlands was (Click link for more info and facts about Marinus van der Lubbe) Marinus van der Lubbe, whose name is attached to the burning of the Reichstag in 1933.
		The legacy of the council communist movement was taken up by such groups as (Click link for more info and facts about Socialisme ou Barbarie) Socialisme ou Barbarie, (Click link for more info and facts about Solidarity (UK)) Solidarity (UK) and the (Click link for more info and facts about Situationist International) Situationist International.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/council_communism.htm (1103 words)

	ipedia.com: Council communism Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The central argument of Council communism is that workers' councils are the natural form of working class organisation and state power, as opposed to the Reformist and Bolshevik stress on parties, parliaments or governments.
		The central theoretical argument of Council Communism is that the State and the economy should be managed by workers' councils, composed by delegates elected at workplaces and recallable in any moment.
		Council Communists believe that the Bolshevik led revolution in Russia became a "bourgeois revolution" when a party aristocracy replaced the old feudal aristocracy.
	www.ipedia.com /council_communism.html (811 words)

	Glossary of Organisations: Co (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1919 the Communist International (Comintern) was founded, and as a precondition for membership all national sections of the Comintern (Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Spain, etc.) had to change their name to "Communist," thus moving forward towards distinguishing themselves from the crumbling Social Democracy (and the Second International) of the past.
		The main, but short-lived, principal of this communist practice was the creation of a socialism based on Soviets, locally elected councils that for a short period ruled the Soviet government.
		The Communist International degenerated after the Fourth Congress when in November 1922, Stalin came to power in the Soviet Union and the Comintern was disbanded in 1943 by Stalin, as a gesture of conciliation with the Allied powers.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/orgs/c/o.htm (3798 words)

	Libertarian socialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The American Marxist leader Daniel De Leon, for example, who joined and reorganized the Socialist Labor Party in 1890, advocated a form of "industrial unionism" (known as De Leonism), which was similar to syndicalism, although De Leon himself made a point of distinguishing between the two ideologies.
		In Chomsky's, he suggests the possibility "that some form of council communism is the natural form of in an industrial society.
		De Leonists distinguish this event from the general strike to take control of the workplaces advocated by anarcho-syndicalists, and refer to it instead as a general lockout of the ruling class, although in reality the two concepts are very similar.
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Libertarian_socialism (5006 words)

	Council Communism - From left-wing radicalism to left-wing communism
		Council communism was not born along with councils themselves, although the appearance of the latter did precipitate its formulation.
		The organization of councils as the expression of autonomous struggle became the fundamental concept of the new radicality.
		Aside from these centrifugal tendencies, the mass council organizations, the Leagues, were further handicapped by the overall situation in the country: inflation, growing unemployment, fiercer repression, especially since the failure of the March 1921 'action' in the course of which an embryonic insurrection was harshly stamped out by the army and the police.
	www.geocities.com /~johngray/gombin02.htm (4959 words)

	Pravda.RU:Anatoly Lukyanov: Putin follows the lines of Gorbachev and Yeltsin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		PRAVDA.Ru interviewed Anatoly Lukyanov, ex-director of the general department in the Communist Party’s central committee, and ex-chairman of the Soviet Supreme Council, who was imprisoned on a suspicion in connection with the State Committee for national emergency.
		The elections in Moldavia, when the Communists have entered a higher level by consolidation of the lower ones, may be an example for such actions.
		This is the key instrument to be used by the Communists and the opposition.
	english.pravda.ru /main/2002/01/25/26003_.html (1546 words)

	Infoshop.org - Anarchists Against War - SOME FURTHER NOTES ON LEFT-LIBERTARIAN OPPOSITION TO WAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was all too painfully clear that authoritarian communist anti- Fascists and democratic capitalist anti-Fascists were both primarily interested in defeating political rivals, rather than in challenging the state system and nationalism as part of the system of elite domination.
		While many anarchists appreciated cooperating with libertarian socialists, council communists and a variety of other non- authoritarians, they came to understand that there were grave dangers for libertarians in cooperating with many liberal democrats and authoritarian socialists.
		Many independent leftists, council communists, anarchists, and even Trotskyists decided to stay outside the mainstream Resistance so as to continue articulating and acting on their anti-patriotic, internationalist, anti-capitalist positions.
	www.infoshop.org /octo/antiwar5.php (2417 words)

	phorum - Zabalaza Debate Forum - Excellent defence of Bakunin versus Marx from 'What's Next?' journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		These alliances shall be charged with the duty of collecting all material relating to their industry, of advising about measures to be executed in common, and of seeing that they are to be carried out, to the end, that the wages system may be replaced by the federation of free producers.
		The idea of workers’ council socialism was originally constructed within a year of the German revolution of 1918 when the destruction of those responsible for the insurrection was being implemented.
		The KAPD became known as Council Communist as it grew beyond Left Opposition to Bolshevism, and emphasised reliance on the workers’ councils.
	www.zabalaza.net /phorum/read.php?f=2&t=201&a=1 (4653 words)

	International Communist Current \| Workers of the world, unite!
		The Third International, in particular, made this analysis the general framework for its understanding of the new period that opened with the outbreak of World War I. All of the political currents that formed the International, recognised that the first global war marked the beginning of capitalism’s decadent phase.
		The working class was thus led into a direct confrontation with the state in order to defend its living conditions, and organised in soviets to undertake this new historic phase in its struggle.
		This is not a sign of narcissism: communist organisations do not exist by or for themselves; they are instruments of the working class, to which their experience belongs.
	en.internationalism.org (2214 words)

	Syllabus: Autonomist Marxism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Written by the Dutch Group of International Communists, this was a statement of the council communist view of the Bosheviks as the instruments of the bourgeois revolution in Russia and as the constructors of state capitalism.
		Brief overview of the council communist critique of Bolshevism as a prototype of fascism (a political form of capitalism) and of the Soviet Union as state capitalist.
		This was true, for example, of the Council Communists and the Johnson- Forest Tendency which attacked Stalinist underconsumptionist theories of crisis, arguing that the Stalinists had shifted the focus of crisis theory from production to circulation as part of their rationalization of the continuation of capitalist relations of production in Russia after the revolution.
	www.eco.utexas.edu /faculty/Cleaver/387Lautonomistmarxism.html (18184 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They use precisely the weaknesses of the council communists for their goals, and harrow them together with bolshevism.
		According to some bolshevik historian-owls (who take wing at nightfall) there were no council communists, because – we can read – they finished their activity in the workers’ movement after 1920 – what a chance, exactly when they turned against bolshevism...
		Of course, there were a lot of communists in these cells, but we must not forget that these groups managed to detach themselves from bolshevism only organizationally (if they managed at all), and – embedded in their false counsciousness – they always identified the communist struggle with the struggle for „true” bolshevism.
	www.angelfire.com /co4/tamtsih/english/barikad_vita.html (2115 words)

	China Support Network
		The Communists have pulled out all the stops against the pro-democracy forces - intimidating voters, threatening anti-Communist radio personalities, framing pro-democracy candidates, even sending one would be Councilman to a mainland labor camp.
		Given that the Communists still have control over the selection of 30 seats, a pro-democracy majority may not be in the cards (the outgoing Council has half a dozen democracy supporters chosen from the panel; that's likely half a dozen more than will come from the panel for the incoming Council).
		This would remind the world of the true face of the Chinese Communist Party, and could raise sympathy for Taiwan's gritty determination to never come under the Communist umbrella.
	www.chinasupport.net /buzz97.htm (651 words)

	Dutch Council Communism and Van der Lubbe. 1933
		It seems that he had political contacts (23 and 25.2.1933) with German council communists, with Alfred Weiland and some members of the KAU, wo eyed suspiciously the young Dutch worker.
		The first tendency, supported by the German council communists, (8) was motivated as much by a reluctance to ‘run with the hounds’ as by political confusion.
		The position of the Italian communist left was somewhat similar and just as ambiguous: "Communists have never participated in these unanimous concerts against terrorist acts and — on each occasion — they silence the choir of hypocritical lamentations and timid exonerations, and may in certain circumstances not proclaim their opposition of principle to terrorist acts.
	www.left-dis.nl /uk/marinus.htm (3384 words)

	Hungarian review of 'The Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists' - Hungary / Romania History of ...
		The proletarian organizations, which, as the prefigurations of the communist world party were organizing the centralization of the struggle, were destroyed or distorted into the counterrevolutionary caricatures of themselves.
		The Bolshevik social democracy, which entitled itself "communist", together with the traditional Social Democrats, tried to disintegrate and to falsificate one of the foundations of its class-being, the class memory of the proletariat.
		In reality its goal has never been the communist class struggle against the state, the value and the dictatorship of the capitalism, but the reforming of the capitalism, achieving compromises, the manteinance of the state of exploited for the workers by some superficial help.
	www.anarkismo.net /newswire.php?story_id=280&print_page=true (3439 words)

	National Council of Churches Want Elian Returned to Castro [Free Republic] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This council of churches is more a council of communists.
		The National Council Of Churches is a cancer to Christain church.
		The NCC and its slut-mother, the World Council of Churches, are indeed as bad as each of you has indicated.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a38e2a594332a.htm (1022 words)

	Libertarian Socialist? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Libertarian Socialist means Council Communists and Anarchists basically.
		I have yet to find a council communist organization/party in existence.
		This could be a very good move and will attract a lot of attention from the libertarian socialist movement.
	radicalus.6.forumer.com /a/libertarian-socialist_post69.html (136 words)

	APOSTASY -- The National Council Of Churches
		The policy in those days was framed in such a way that the members of the Communist Party could infiltrate church organizations for the purpose of conducting their propaganda among them, for enlisting their support for Soviet Russia, and for the various campaigns in which the Communists were interested.
		Officials of the National Council of Churches, learning of this, immediately contacted Secretary of the Air Force Dudley C. Sharp, demanding that this "offensive" manual be removed and the chapter pertaining to subversion of religion be rewritten to exclude any mention of Communist penetration.
		Communist Party founder Benjamin Gitlow revealed during testimony given in 1953 that the objective of M.F.S.A. "was to transform the Methodist Church and Christianity into an instrument for the achievement of Socialism." The Communists in this organization, said Gitlow, "posed as religious reformers fighting orthodoxy and reaction in religion."
	reformed-theology.org /html/issue07/apostasy.htm (5494 words)

	Articles - Middle class (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Others dispute this, freely using the term middle class to refer to affluent white collar workers as described above (even though, in Marxist terms, they are part of the proletariatâ€”the working class).
		Still others, (for example Council communists) allege that there is a class comprising intellectuals, technocrats and managers which seeks power in its own right.
		This last group of communists allege that such technocratic middle classes seized power and government for themselves in Soviet-style societies (see coordinatorism).
	www.winacea.com /articles/Middle_class (1332 words)

	FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNIST PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
		The Communist Party, as the sovereign wielder of state power, then issued directives according to which the factories were to link together their Workers' Councils (Soviets) at communal, district and gubernial (county) level, in order to unite the whole of industrial life into one organic unit.
		If at first the directorates, communal councils etc. were responsible to the masses of workers, the producers, in the end they became subordinated to the central administration, which directed the whole.
		At the beginning of the communist form of society this could indeed be a just measure, if for instance the means of higher education were not available to everyone free of charge, because society is not yet sufficiently thoroughly organised on the new basis.
	reality.gn.apc.org /econ/gik1.htm (18153 words)

	Steven Wright, (1980), Left communism in Australia
		The left communists, isolated in a re-established Europe after 1923, numbering only hundreds where before had been tens of thousands, abandoned the party-form altogether and chose instead to keep alive the memory of the "pure" form of proletarian counter-power the Workers' Councils.
		Formerly, council communist propaganda " had too little positive content to direct and attract (workers') thoughts"; his book sought to remedy this neglect by emphasizing "the higher ideals of self-action, self-reliance, self-mastery over the means of production, and self-responsibility" necessary for members of the classless society.
		Rather, councilism was felt to be the fulfilment of the IWW's revolutionary stance within the context of a "State" capitalism unforeseen at the "beginning of the century."1947 is not 1905" Dawson pointed out.
	www.left-dis.nl /uk/dawson.htm (13627 words)

	S/R 34: Protecting the Environment in a Participatory Economy (by Robin Hahnel)
		Over the course of several decades, Michael Albert and I came to the conclusion that the vision of a desirable economy shared by many council communists, syndicalists, anarchists and guild socialists was essentially sound, but, unfortunately, these economic visionaries had failed to provide a coherent model explaining precisely how their alternative to capitalism could work.
		Similarly, worker councils are forced to either increase their efforts or shift toward producing a more desirable mix of outputs or using a less socially costly mix of inputs to win approval for their proposals.
		Worker councils whose proposals have lower than average social benefit to social cost ratios will be forced to increase either their efforts or their efficiency to win approval from other worker councils.
	www.greens.org /s-r/34/34-18.html (4573 words)

	Guy Debord's letters
		Whereas the councils (= permanent general assemblies that can only delegate the carriers of their orders and can not give up any of their power) can re-group all of the workers (unemployed workers, etc.) who on the spot play according to the rules of their game.
		The "Council of Nantes" -- I do not believe that it particularly merits being cited -- not having a "milieu of work," since it has not left its real and miserable milieu (the students), without finding the workers, but only in launching itself in glorious affirmation (still victims of the SI).
		But this compensates for the stautory obligation that the workers are three-quarters of any delegation (that is to say, any "central" meeting or council of delegates that takes place before a decision is made by the ensemble).
	www.notbored.org /debord-30July1969.html (746 words)

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