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	AllRefer.com - Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (International Organizations) - Encyclopedia
		Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON or MEA), international organization active between 1956 and 1991 for the coordination of economic policy among certain nations then under Communist domination, including Albania (which did not participate after 1961), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
		The charter gave COMECON the same international status as the European Economic Community (Common Market), but the structure was controlled by heads of state.
		COMECON undertook large-scale measures for organization of industrial production and coordination of economic development through a series of five-year plans (1956–85), but, despite attempts at integration, most trade was strictly bilateral; planned economies had limited mechanisms for transferring trade surpluses or deficits to third world countries.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Councilf.html (302 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Czechoslovakia / Appendix B
		THE FOUNDING of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (also referred to as Comecon, CMEA, CEMA, or the Council) dates from a 1949 communiqué agreed upon by the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
		The coordination of national five-year economic plans is the most traditional form of cooperation among the members in the area of planning.
		At the June 1984 Comecon economic summit and at subsequent Council sessions, the policy of equalizing the levels of economic development between Comecon member countries was repeatedly stressed.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/czechoslovakia/cs_appnb.html (9901 words)

	netcyclo: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The founding of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance dates from a 1949 communiqué agreed upon by Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
		Four council committees were operational in 1987: the Council Committee for Cooperation in Planning, the Council Committee for Cooperation in Science and Technology, the Council Committee for Cooperation in Material and Technical Supply, and the Council Committee for Cooperation in Machine Building.
		The Council Committee for Cooperation in Planning was the most important of the four because it coordinated the national economic plans of Comecon members.
	www.netcyclo.com /society/organisa/intentnl/intergov/comecon/comecon.htm (6796 words)

	Council for Mutual Economic Assistance on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		COMECON undertook large-scale measures for organization of industrial production and coordination of economic development through a series of five-year plans (1956-85), but, despite attempts at integration, most trade was strictly bilateral; planned economies had limited mechanisms for transferring trade surpluses or deficits to third world countries.
		Security council resolutions have "mobilized states for a campaign of nonmilitary cooperative law enforcement measures to combat global terrorism.
		From disengagement to active economic competition: Russia's return to the South Caucasus and Central Asia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Councilf.asp (503 words)

	Council for Mutual Economic Assistance -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		More results on "Council for Mutual Economic Assistance" when you join.
		The Czech Republic depends on foreign trade to boost economic growth; Czechoslovakia formerly was one of the largest foreign traders in eastern Europe, and it was a member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) until the organization disbanded in 1991.
		Its purpose was to help members develop their economies in accordance with socialist economic principles and organization.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9310845?tocId=9310845 (873 words)

	Comecon -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Joseph Stalin's desire to enforce Soviet domination of the small states of Eastern Europe and to mollify some states that had expressed interest in the (A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952); named after George Marshall) Marshall Plan were the primary factors in Comecon's formation.
		In 1949 the ruling communist parties of the founding states were also linked internationally through the (Click link for more info and facts about Cominform) Cominform, from which (A mountainous republic in southeastern Europe) Yugoslavia (Click link for more info and facts about had been expelled) had been expelled the previous year.
		Although Comecon was loosely referred to as the " (An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members) European Economic Community (EEC) of Eastern Europe," important contrasts existed between the two organizations.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/comecon.htm (2248 words)

	Prospects for the Economic Co-operation Among the Member Countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Prospects for the Economic Co-operation Among the Member Countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in the 1980's.
		CMEA Prospects for the Economic Co-operation Among the Member Countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in the 1980's.
		Moscow: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Secretariat 1985.
	www.antiqbook.co.uk /boox/plu/PAQ59784.shtml (98 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Soviet Union / Appendix B
		The founding of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon, also referred to as CMEA or CEMA) dates from a 1949 communiqué agreed upon by Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
		The official hierarchy of Comecon consisted of the Council Session, the Executive Committee, the Secretariat, four council committees, twenty-four standing commissions, six interstate conferences, two scientific institutes, and several associated organizations.
		Analysis of Comecon's operations and development in the modern economic and political arena is provided in Paul Marer's "The Political Economy of Soviet Relations with Eastern Europe." The best sources for up-to-date political and economic analysis are the Radio Free Europe background reports.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/soviet_union/su_appnb.html (6926 words)

	Economic and Social Council (from United Nations) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Designed to be the UN's main venue for the discussion of international economic and social issues, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) directs and coordinates the economic, social, humanitarian, and cultural activities of the UN and its specialized agencies.
		UNRISD is dependent on voluntary contributions from governments, from other UN organizations, and from various national and international agencies because it does not receive monies from the regular UN budget; it has been supported by...
		A Board of Trustees of up to 30 members is appointed by the UN secretary-general; the secretary-general himself and the presidents of the General Assembly and the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-12405 (990 words)

	American Metal Market: Comecon clashes, compromises on reforms - Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - Focus: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SOFIA, Bulgaria - The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), the Soviet-dominated trading bloc, met here for two days last week to hear demands by its members for market-driven policies reflecting the political changes in Eastern Europe and consider a call by a Comecon official for "brave reforms."
		An extra session of the EEC's Council of Ministers has been called in Dublin for Jan. 20 to discuss relations with East European countries.
		Since June 1988 the EEC has concluded trade and economic cooperation pacts with Poland, Hungary and the Soviet Union, and a trade agreement on industrial products with Czechoslovakia.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3MKT/is_n10_v98/ai_8289517 (905 words)

	The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) (from international trade) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		More results on "The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) (from international trade)" when you join.
		Speaking in strictly economic terms, international trade today is not between nations.
		The Bank for International Settlements was founded in 1930 in Basel, Switzerland, to handle German reparations payments to the Allies after World War I and to serve as a cooperative agency for national central banks.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-202829 (923 words)

	Economic Transition in Russia and the New States of Eurasia by Bartlomiej Kaminski at Questia Online Library
		It...foreign and economic affairs, customs...three founding republics represented 73 percent of the former Soviet Unions...Deteriorating economic conditions have been reflected...output in the former Soviet Union peaked...MBD, causing Economics Minister Andrei...the former republics would be reduced...
		While macroeconomic stabilization is necessary for economic transformation, systemic changes...private monopolies from replacing former state-owned monopolies, which is...sector operates under preferential conditions, and can thereby preserve a dominant...pace of reform and the degree of economic stability.
		This is due in part to the difficult economic conditions the nation has endured, which has led to a very low birth...consisting mainly of ethnic Russians from other areas of the former Soviet Union.
	www.questia.com /library/book/economic-transition-in-russia-and-the-new-states-of-eurasia-by-bartlomiej-kaminski.jsp (2572 words)

	Comecon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON / Comecon / CMEA / CEMA), 1949 – 1991, was an economic organisation of communist states and a kind of Eastern Bloc equivalent to the European Economic Community.
		the Charter of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (first adopted in 1949 and subsequently amended; all references herein are to the amended 1974 text)
		Parts of this article are from the Library of Congress federal research division; [1]
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Council_for_Mutual_Economic_Assistance (2164 words)

	World Agriculture: A new environment for Central European agricultural trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Council for Mutual Economic Assistance / Agricultural policy
		This year all trade among members of the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA) will be on a hard currency basis.
		In January 1991, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA) officially dissolved itself.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3809/is_n62/ai_11183944 (1423 words)

	Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The collapse of trade among the former members of CMEA.
		Assembly adopts 11 draft resolutions without vote; Nine texts cover economic assistance to individual countries, regions -- Part 2 of 3.
		Economic and Social Council reviews world economic and social policy, calls for measures to combat AIDS.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0813779.html (335 words)

	National Review: Economic bloc - Comecon meeting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		MOSCOW Economic Bloc Once again, there is talk of a summit meeting of Comecon, the economic organism that is supposed to coordinate the policies of the Soviet Union and its satellites with respect to trade and production.
		The Soviet Union itself would like to end some of the cumbersome and profitless arrangements that persist within the Comecon framework, and it would also like to be paid a greater percentage of hard currency for its oil, its major export westward.
		But the major porblem facing any such summit would be the necessity to take account of the phenomena that have changed the economic face of the world in the time elapsed since the last summit, notably the information and communiction revolutions--a clear temptation to postpone it indefinitely.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v36/ai_3309172 (447 words)

	EconPapers: The New Geography of Eastern European Trade
		Given the severe recession and the reduction in export and import capacities, the answer to this question is not obvious.
		Furthermore, particular features of CMEA functioning imply that the decrease in regional trade flows is not necessarily welfare-increasing.
		Two gravity equations are estimated on a panel of 14 years to give a picture of CMEA trade before and after the disintegration.
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/cprceprdp/1580.htm (405 words)

	ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on External Economic Relations on ...
		ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on External Economic Relations on relations between the European Community and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and the Eastern European member states of the CMEA.
		Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on External Economic Relations on relations between the European Community and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and the Eastern European member states of the CMEA.
		Seeler, H.-J. Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on External Economic Relations on relations between the European Community and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and the Eastern European member states of the CMEA.
	aei.pitt.edu /archive/00001680 (183 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 89077362 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In this original and authoritative study of international economic relations, László Csaba examines economic reforms and economic developments within Eastern Europe.
		This analysis is supported by detailed and comprehensive references to relevant government, intergovernmental and CMEA programs, agreements and practices.
		Eastern Europe in the World Economy will be of interest to students and specialists in Soviet and East European studies, comparative economic systems and international politics as well as to policy makers at the highest levels.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam024/89077362.html (223 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 87000785 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This book examines the instruments for decision coordination within and among the economies belonging to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
		In light of the forcedeconomic adjustments of the early 1980s, Jozef van Brabant offers this study of the centrally planned economies and the inadequacy of their coordination mechanisms.
		He proposes that a resumption of faster growth depends largely upon increasing the pace of factor productivity growth--something that can only be achieved through structural change and a reform of the economic mechanism.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam023/87000785.html (167 words)

	Council of Mutual Economic Assistance; Author: Metcalf, Lee Kendall (Assistant Professor of Political Science, Florida ...
		Council of Mutual Economic Assistance; Author: Metcalf, Lee Kendall (Assistant Professor of Political Science, Florida State University, USA); Hardback; Book
		This study addresses questions on the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
		It uses case studies to examine the reform attempts of each major Soviet leader, arguing that the creation of, and changes in, the CMEA can be explained by the interation of structural and cognitive factions.
	www.netstoreusa.com /cubooks/088/0880333820.shtml (199 words)

	Marshall Plan: Segment Summaries and Discussion Questions
		Provide examples to illustrate your understanding of the two competing economic systems: state ownership and a centrally planned economy versus free trade and a mixed economy.
		In 1949, through a new economic body, COMECON (Council for Mututal Economic Assistance), Stalin offers Soviet aid to East Bloc countries.
		During the four years of the Marshall Plan, Greece receives nearly $700 million in economic assistance, including Missouri mules to assist in farming.
	www.learning.turner.com /cnn/coldwar/marshall/mpln_dis.html (956 words)

	Kommersant: Russia to Revive Bank of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
		A great management upheaval is taking place in the former bank of the former Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - International Investment Bank (IIM).
		His authority was unanimously approved by all country members after Serebryakov spent a month talking to them.
		Now Serebryakov focuses on the meeting of the IIB Council slated for November, when, to add to a new concept, the bank may get totally new organization “to increase the weight of professional bankers in the IIB management,” Serebryakov specified to Kommersant yesterday.
	www.kommersant.com /page.asp?id=602306 (338 words)

	Encyclopedia: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
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	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Council-for-Mutual-Economic-Assistance (2115 words)

	EconPapers: Disintegration and trade in Southeastern Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Our study focuses on Southeastern Europe, which was highly fragmented during the nineties because of the dissolution of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).
		The empirics are based on the gravity equation and the estimation uses a 29-country panel database for 1993-2001.
		We show that despite the setting up of barriers to trade and the war, trade flows between countries of the region remained higher than explained by their economic size and mutual distance.
	netec.mcc.ac.uk /WoPEc/data/Papers/msewpsorbj04031.html (213 words)

	December 2000 (SMEALSearch) - Pal,Rangaswamy,Giles,Debnath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		by Richard Pomfret Professor of Economics University of Adelaide Adelaide SA...
		When it dissolved in 1991, the members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) contained half a billion people (Table 1) - more than either the European Union or NAFTA today - and these countries were largely insulated from the market-driven international economy.
		This paper analyses the progress of the reintegration of the formerly centrally planned economies into the global trading system, focusing on the relationship between multilateral processes and regional integration schemes, and taking the Central Asian countries as a case study.
	smealsearch.psu.edu /30634.html (228 words)

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