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Topic: Council of Carthage

	Carthage
		A council of seventy bishops held at Carthage by Bishop Agrippinus at the epoch (variously dated between 198 and 222), substantially corroborates the testimony of Tertullian as to the general progress of Christianity in Africa in the early years of the third century.
		The decision of the council was moderate: all apostates who repented their fall were admitted to penance, which should last a greater or less time according to the degree of their guilt.
		A council of Carthage was held 20 April, 1890, in which the decrees of the Council of Algiers (1873) were renewed and applied to the new ecclesiastical province.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/carthage2.html (3100 words)

	Carthage - Military History Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The early trading empire of Carthage depended heavily on its trade with Tartessos and other cities of the Iberian peninsula, from which it obtained vast quantities of silver and, even more importantly, tin ore, which was essential to the manufacture of bronze objects by the civilizations of antiquity.
		In 397 at the Council at Carthage, the Biblical canon for the western Church was confirmed.
		The political fallout from the deep disaffection of African Christians was a crucial factor in the ease with which Carthage and the other centres were captured in the 5th century by Gaiseric, king of the Vandals, who defeated the Byzantine general Bonifacius and made the city his capital.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /index.php?title=Carthage&redirect=no (2929 words)

	Carthage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Carthage's defeat in the First Punic War and her loss of Sicily was inevitably going to have a severe impact on her government back home.
		Carthage's navy would be allowed to be no larger than twenty ships and she would have to pay Rome reparations of 5000 talents.
		Carthage was to be razed to the ground, no stone was to be left upon another, the soil was to be ploughed and strewn with salt.
	www.roman-empire.net /republic/carthage.html (11441 words)

	Apocrypha Article 1 The Apocryph
		Council of Carthage (in which Augustine attended) canon 47.4, where it is shown that all these apocryphal books are seen as canonical.
		Even in their own canons at that council (canon 26.2) states “the bishop of the chief see shall not be called high priest, or chief of the priests, or by any such title.” They cannot bind those by the authority they refuse upon themselves.
		I acknowledge the Trullan council as ecumenical, but the RCC themselves doubt what should be determined of the authority of the canons which are attributed to the council (as I agree with Whitaker).
	www.apuritansmind.com /Apologetics/ApocryphaArticle1.htm (1789 words)

	Gore grew up in Carthage -- Sample Laneshine Post
		Choosing ancient Carthage for this council among all priesthoods was no accident of history, The message of the Emperor and the Pope was clear.
		Gore from Carthage was the implied threat and real horror imposed on anyone who refused to bow down and worship -- the universal religion of Rome -- the church that had a little something for everyone they conquered.
		Carthage -- the very name causes one to think carefully before facing the blood and horror, indeed, the gore associated with this dreadful place of infamy.
	www.greaterthings.com /Lexicon/L/Laneshine/Gore_Carthage.htm (1709 words)

	Carthage at AllExperts
		Carthage was a contemporary superpower with the Roman Republic of the 2nd and 3rd Century BC, and was its rival for dominance of the western Mediterranean.
		A new city of Carthage was built on the same land, and by the 1st century it had grown to the second largest city in the western half of the Roman empire, with a peak population of 500,000.
		Carthage briefly became the capital of an usurper, Domitius Alexander, in 308-311.
	en.allexperts.com /e/c/ca/carthage.htm (4644 words)

	Holy Spirit Interactive: Fr. Francis Jamieson - How we got the Bible
		At the Council of Carthage, then, is the first time we find a clear list of all the New Testament books as we have them in the Bible now.
		Once a Council of the Church had spoken (in 397 and again in 419), and Rome had confirmed it, all doubt ceased among Christians as to what was genuine and what was not.
		The decrees of the Councils of Carthage were reaffirmed by the Council of Florence in 1442 under Pope Eugenius IV, and again by the Council of Trent in 1546.
	www.holyspiritinteractive.net /columns/francisjamieson/biblefacts/bible05.asp (738 words)

	Carthage - Crystalinks
		In 509 BC a treaty was signed between Carthage and Rome indicating a division of influence and commercial activities.
		At the start of the first Punic War, Carthage was the ascendant power of the Mediterranean, with an extensive maritime empire, while Rome was rapidly rising in prominence as the dominant power in Italy.
		By the conclusion of the third war, Rome had conquered Carthage's entire empire and razed the city itself to the ground, becoming in the process the most powerful state of the Mediterranean.
	www.crystalinks.com /carthage.html (3393 words)

	Bible
		The Fourth Council of Carthage in 419 reaffirmed Pope St. Boniface.
		The Council of Nicea II in 787 ratified the same canon as authoritative for the Eastern Churches.
		Finally, the Council of Trent, a worldwide Ecumenical Council, formally proclaimed the Catholic Canon of Sacred Scripture in 1546 as authoritative for the whole world.
	www.secondexodus.com /html/catholicdefinitions/bible.htm (999 words)

	CHURCH FATHERS: Council of Carthage (A.D. 419)
		In the year 418-19, all canons formerly made in sixteen councils held at Carthage, one at Milevis, one at Hippo, that were approved of, were read, and received a new sanction from a great number of bishops, then met in synod at Carthage.
		That the statutes of the Nicene Council are to be scrupulously observed
		Likewise it pleased the whole Council that he who shall have been excommunicated for any neglect, whether he be bishop, or any other cleric, and shall have presumed while still under sentence, and his cause not yet heard, to receive communion, he shall be considered by so doing to have given sentence against himself.
	www.newadvent.org /fathers/3816.htm (10605 words)

	Ecumenical Councils. Sardica Carthage Constantinople Carthage
		The Canons of the Synods of Sardica, Carthage, Constantinople, and Carthage
		Canon I. That the statutes of the Nicene Council are to be scrupulously observed.
		But if he is not willing to come to the annual general council, so that his cause may there be terminated, he himself shall be judged to have pronounced the sentence of his own condemnation at the time in which he does not communicate, nor shall he communicate either in his own church or diocese.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txud/counci38.htm (15116 words)

	The Carthage Capital Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Carthage Capital Group (“Carthage”) is a private equity firm whose mission is to achieve superior returns by making investments that add value beyond capital and drive the strategic objectives of its investors.
		Carthage has a hands-on approach to investing in strategic suppliers, strategic partners and divestitures of Fortune 500 companies.
		Carthage’s unique lens and operations-orientation are well suited to help its portfolio companies meet the challenges of technological change and globalization.
	www.carthage.net (71 words)

	Where We Got the New Testament
		It is a fact of history that the Council of Carthage, which was held in 397 A.D., mainly through the influence of St Augustine, settled the Canon or Collection of New Testament Scriptures as Catholics have them now and decreed that its decision should be sent on to Rome for confirmation.
		The Council of Carthage, then, is the first known to us in which we find a clear and undisputed catalogue of all the New Testament books as we have them in Bibles now.
		A second Council of Carthage over which Augustine presided, in 419 A.D., renewed the decrees of the former one and declared that its act was to be notified to Boniface, Bishop of Rome, for the purpose of confirming it.
	users.stargate.net /~elcore/wegotnt.htm (1712 words)

	city: carthage
		As the Roman Republic's bitterest enemy, the city of Carthage, on the coast of North Africa, was destroyed by Rome in 146 BCE, during a period of Roman expansion.
		The hinterlands surrounding the capital were not sufficient to supply it with quantities sufficient to feed the population; Carthage served as the port city that collected and shipped the North African grain harvest to the capital.
		Christianity in Carthage, and other parts of North Africa reflected the culture of this immigrant community, as well as that of the indigenous inhabitants.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/maps/arch/carthage.html (212 words)

	Quotes on the Quinisext Council
		Ecumenical Council were never accepted by the Pope, and so are not binding, however, when they are arguing with Protestants, they often turn around and argue that the canons of certain councils were in fact accepted by the 7
		William Webster” “First of all, the Councils of Carthage and Hippo did not establish the canon for the Church as a whole.
		Ecumenical Council affirmed the canons of the Quinisext council, which specifically listed the Council of Carthage as a local Council which was accepted on an Ecumenical level.
	pages.prodigy.net /frjohnwhiteford/quinisext.htm (620 words)

	MAJOR COUNCILS OF THE CHURCH: (councils.htm)
		Though the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15 and Galatians 2) was the first Church Council, attended by the Apostles, the first Ecumenical (world-wide) Council was called by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great with Pope Saint Sylvester I sitting on the Throne of Peter as the 33rd successor of Christ's appointed Apostle.
		This Council's main docket was the attempt to reunite with the Eastern Church, but it was only temporary and the schism grew wider after the solidification of the Dogmatic Filioque in which it was reaffirmed emphatically that the Holy Ghost proceeds from both the Father and the Son.
		The greatest and longest of all the major ecumenical councils was convened by Pope Paul III on December 13, 1545 in the mouintain village of Trent in northern Italy.
	www.dailycatholic.org /history/councils.htm (2468 words)

	catholic.htm
		The Second Council of Constantinople in 553 declared, a reaffirmation of the doctrine of the Holy Trinity, that Jesus Christ was not two persons, but one with two natures, that Jesus Christ is GOD, the second person of the Holy Trinity, that Blessed Mary is ever virgin and that she is the Mother of GOD.
		The defense of Tradition of the Church, whether written or oral, was a firm commitment in the Council of Nicea II in 787.
		The Council of Trent called in 1545, in response to the protestant reformation, reaffirmed that the Deuterocanonical books were inspired, and will remain in the Canon of the Old Testament where they had been for over 1500 years.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/3975/catholic.htm (827 words)

	St. Pachomius Library
		Local Council of Orange, 529: The purpose of this Western Council was to condemn the Semi-Pelagian heresy, but most Orthodox feel it went too far and reject it.
		SEVENTH ECUMENICAL COUNCIL, Nicæa, 787: Endorsed the veneration of ikons.
		Imperial Council of Constantinople, 879-880: Rehabilitated Photius, condemned the Filioque.
	www.voskrese.info /spl/Xcouncil.html (342 words)

	Welcome to the Town of Carthage, North Carolina
		Carthage businesses serve a surrounding community of more than 10,000 residents, including the neighboring retirement community of Whispering Pines.
		Carthage, as well as the surrounding area, continues to grow, with new subdivisions and developments currently being built.
		A $2.5 million grant was been received by the Town to construct a new water treatment plant, doubling the existing capacity, which will allow for 20 years of growth.
	www.townofcarthage.org /facts.htm (473 words)

	Carthage - Alumni - Home
		The Carthage Alumni Council voted to establish an Alumni Association scholarship at its December 1997 meeting.
		To apply, the applicant must be a direct relative of a graduate (ex: parents, siblings, aunts/uncles, grandparents, and/or cousins) and answer the essay question, "What Carthage memories or traditions did you learn about from your relative(s) that influenced your decision to apply to Carthage?" Please include your name at the top of the essay.
		In addition, it is requested that each applicant please include the names of any relatives that attended Carthage (parents, aunts/uncles, grandparents, siblings, cousins, etc.), as it is very interesting and exciting to see how the Carthage tradition has continued through generations.
	www.carthage.edu /alumni/scholarship (301 words)

	Thugga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		King Masinissa probably captured Thugga from Carthage in the second century B.C. A pagus under Claudius I, Thugga was dependent on the Roman colony of Carthage.
		The existence of a pagus and a civitas explains why there were two bishops, Saturninus an Honoratus, who assisted at the Council of Carthage in 256.
		A Donatist bishop, Paschasius, went to the Council of Carthage in 411.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/t/thugga.html (197 words)

	Who Gave Us the Scriptures
		None of the councils made any list of what is in or out, the reason being that the majority of the church had accepted and used these books for many years before them.
		the council of Carthage put their approval on the canon that was already read by and throughout the church.
		What the council did was to determine which books did not meet the tests for canonicity.
	www.letusreason.org /RC15.htm (2177 words)

	The Apocrypha: Why It's Part of the Bible (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		All of these were dogmatically acknowledged as Scripture at the Council of Trent in 1548 (which means that Catholics were henceforth not allowed to question their canonicity), although the tradition of their inclusion was ancient.
		At the same time, the Council rejected 1 and 2 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasses as part of Sacred Scripture (these are often included in collections of the "Apocrypha" as a separate unit).
		The Church Councils at Hippo (393) and Carthage (397, 419), influenced heavily by St. Augustine, listed the deuterocanonical books as Scripture, which was simply an endorsement of what had become the general consensus of the Church in the west and most of the east.
	ic.net /~erasmus/RAZ110.HTM (1517 words)

	Major Church Pronouncements on the Bible
		A local council of the church in union with Rome produced a list of books of the Bible similar to the Council of Trent's canon.
		Local church council under the authority of Pope Damasus, (366-384) gave a complete list of canonical books of the OT and NT which is identical with the list later approved by the Council of Trent.
		Council of Trent, an ecumenical council called to respond to the heresy of the Reformers (1545-1563)
	www.catholicapologetics.org /ap031100.htm (601 words)

	Pius IV Council of Trent-25
		The holy council exhorts all Christian princes to furnish this aid, and binds thereto under penalty of excommunication to be incurred ipso facto all civil magistrates.
		The holy council forbids, however, that the holy body of Christ be reserved within the choir or the enclosure of the monastery and not in the public church; any indult or privilege notwithstanding.
		Indeed, the holy council admonishes them to the utmost of its ability that they lay aside completely all this human affection of the flesh toward brothers, nephews, and relations, which is the nursery of many evils in the Church.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/TRENT25.HTM (4846 words)

	Traditional Catholic Apologetics.net \| What Say You: THE BIBLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Canon recognized by the Catholic Church for the past fifteen centuries (73 books) was specified in the Council of Laodicea in 367 A.D., and was definitely adopted in the Council of Carthage in 397 A.D., after being sent to the pope for confirmation.
		While some of the books ratified by the Council of Carthage had always been considered to be canonical, others had been disputed.
		The Council of Trent (1546) therefore deemed it expedient to declare, ex-cathedra, that is by the infallible authority of the Church, that the list of books adopted at the Council of Carthage is the authoratative, the finally determined, collection of writings composed under Divine inspiration.
	www.catholicapologetics.net /wsy-15-6 (201 words)

	Fourth Council of Carthage (A. D. 419) - Council of Carthage: The Canon at Scroll Publishing Co.
		Fourth Council of Carthage (A. 419) - Council of Carthage: The Canon at Scroll Publishing Co.
		Fourth Council of Carthage (A. 419) - Council of Carthage: The Canon
		Fourth Council of Carthage (A. That nothing be read in church besides the Canonical Scripture.
	www.scrollpublishing.com /store/Carthage.html (112 words)

	Pelagianism - Theopedia
		Pelagianism is overhwhelmingly incompatible with the Bible and was historically opposed by Augustine (354-430), Bishop of Hippo, leading to its condemnation as a heresy at Council of Carthage in 418 A.D. These condemnations were summarily ratified at the Council of Ephesus (A.D. edit] Discussion
		Pelagius cleared himself of charges, primarily by hiding his real beliefs; however, at the Council of Carthage in 418 A.D., his teachings were branded as heresy.
		The Council of Ephesus in 431 A.D., again condemned Pelagian doctrine and it was banished in the Greek portion of the church.
	www.theopedia.com /Pelagianism (572 words)

	The Council of Nicaea 325 AD WAS a Catholic Council
		Furthermore, the fact that a council was needed to solve the disputes proves there was no papacy with universal jurisdiction.
		Regarding Pope Sylvester’s (314-335) not leaving Rome ot attend the Council of Nicaea, it should eb brne in mind that the Pope likewise did not attend the Council of Arles (314), thinking it improper for him to leave Rome.
		Nicaea (325) was certainly a Catholic Council and has been cited as the first council since the apostles by every Church historian, even the schismatics and the heretics.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/seanie/nicaea.html (823 words)

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