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Topic: Council of Philippopolis

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	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Council of Sardica
		The Council of Sardica was one of the series of councils called to adjust the doctrinal and other difficulties caused by the christological Arian heresy (from the Catholic and, later, Orthodox points of view), held most probably in 343.
		Athanasius and other bishops alternately condemned and vindicated by councils in the East and the West; desirous, also, of settling definitively the confusion arising from the many doctrinal formulx in circulation, suggested that all such matters should be referred to a general council.
		Though the form of the proposed creed was presented to the council, it was bit inserted in the encyclical addressed by the council to "all the bishops of the Catholic Church".
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Council_of_Sardica (1591 words)

	Julius I - LoveToKnow 1911
		On his second banishment from Alexandria, Athanasius came to Rome, and was recognized as a regular bishop by the synod held in 340.
		It was through the influence of Julius that, at a later date, the council of Sardica in Illyria was held, which was attended only by seventy-six Eastern bishops, who speedily withdrew to Philippopolis and deposed Julius, along with Athanasius and others.
		The Western bishops who remained confirmed the previous decisions of the Roman synod; and by its 3rd, 4th and 5th decrees relating to the rights of revision, the council of Sardica endeavoured to settle the procedure of ecclesiastical appeals.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Julius_I (234 words)

	St Athanasius
		Here the pope acquitted him in a council of fifty bishops, held in 341, and confirmed him in his see; but he was obliged to continue at Rome three years, during which the Arians carried on everything by violence in the East.
		In the meantime, the zealous and pious emperor Constans was treacherously slain by Magnentius, in Gaul, in January 350.
		In 369, the holy patriarch convened a council of ninety bishops, in whose name he wrote to the bishops of Africa to beware of any surprise from those who were for preferring the decrees of the Council of Rimini to those of Nice.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/ATHANAS.HTM (5852 words)

	Puritan
		Local councils had long since grown to be a recognised organ of the Church both for legislation and for judicial proceedings.
		This was the problem which lay before the council, and with which only its more clearsighted members tenaciously grappled: this is the explanation of the reaction which followed, and which for more than a generation, for well nigh half a century after, placed its results in jeopardy.
		The council (a) had testified, by its horrified and spontaneous rejection of it, that Arianism was a novelty subversive of the Christian faith as they had received it from their fathers.
	www.voxdeibaptist.org /Athanasius_and_Arianism.htm (19841 words)

	347 Information - Online Prescription Medication Directory
		This council attempted to resolve the Arian controversy, and laid down ground rules for Bishops.
		Council of Philippopolis is held as the was a result of Eastern bishops leaving the Council of Sardica.
		In Philippopolis, they excommunicated Pope Julius, and as a result, the Arian controversy was perpetuated.
	www.prescriptiondrug-info.com /drug_information_online.asp?title=347 (74 words)

	COUNCIL MINUS PAPACY EQUALS CHAOS (This Rock: November 1997)
		His answer: The decisive criterion of the ecumenicity of a council is whether it receives "the recognition of its decrees by the whole Church, which is therefore in fact the sole authority in Orthodoxy." How is it possible to vest "supreme" authority in one agency (a council) and "sole" authority in another (the whole Church)?
		Very soon after the Council of Nicaea in 325, orthodoxy came under heavy attack by the Arians and the emperor whom they had won to their side.
		They argued that the Council of Tyre’s condemnation of Athanasius in 335 was not subject to appeal to the Pope because the emperor convened the council.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1997/9711eaw.asp (2226 words)

	[No title]
		He had summoned the council as a means of union, and enforced his exhortation to harmony by burning the letters of recrimination which the bishops had presented to him.
		The council, however, was right on the main point, that the feasts of Christian worship are not to be tied to those of Judaism.
		A new council was held, by which Stephen was deposed and Leontius the Lucianist, himself the subject of an old scandal, was raised to the vacant see.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/8/3/7/18377/18377.txt (23349 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Marcian
		The council at Chalcedon was also important because it more clearly outlined the increasing split between east and west.
		Pope Leo's legates had been the only western representatives at a supposedly ecumenical council, signifying the degree to which the west was distracted by its own religious and political concerns.
		The council had also passed a canon over the objections of Leo which gave the archbishop at Constantinople official oversight over the whole east.
	www.roman-emperors.org /marcian.htm (2004 words)

	State Church Of The Roman Empire
		Hosius presided over this council, which was summoned by the emperor Constans at the request of Bishop Julius of Rome in an attempt to unify the churches.
		In summary: Constantius attended councils which discussed credal matters, and he fostered attempts to define an acceptable orthodoxy, but he consistently observed and explicitly asserted the principle that a bishop could be condemned and deposed only by a council of his peers, whatever the charge.
		The council, however, was divided in sentiment; for each of the members desired to see one of his own friends ordained over the church.
	www.bswett.com /1998-05Church300.html (15867 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1052 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		[athanasius.] He was probably afterwards present at the Council of Tyre, a.
		347, withdrew from the Council of Sardica, and formed the rival Council of Philippopolis ; and was among those on whom the Council of Sardica passed sentence of condemnation and deposition.
		He assisted at the Council of Sirmium and the deposition of Photinus, a.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3386.html (852 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. XIV
		Some theologians and canonists have been of opinion that the Council of Sardica was Ecumenical and would reckon it as the Second.
		It is clear at the first glance that the two last authorities only prove that the Synod had been intended to be a general one, and the expression "Great Synod," used by Athanasius, cannot be taken as simply identical with ecumenical.
		To this must be added, first, that the Emperor is not the authority entitled to decide as to the character of an Ecumenical Synod; and secondly, that the expression Universale Concilium was employed in a wider sense in speaking of those synods which, without being general, represented a whole patriarchate.
	www.godrules.net /library/fathers/pnf14s143.htm (816 words)

	Newman Reader - Treatises of St. Athanasius, Vol. 1 - Epistle 2
		Thus they thought to be able to hold Councils at their pleasure, as having those who concurred with them, and whom they had ordained on purpose for this very object.
		And the number of their Councils, and the discordance of their statements, is a proof that those who were present at them had much hostility to the Nicene Council, but little strength against Nicene Truth.
		As to the Bishops present at this Sirmian Council, we have them described in Sulpitius: "Part of the Bishops followed Arius, and welcomed the desired condemnation of Athanasius; part, brought together by fear and faction, yielded to a party spirit; a few, to whom faith was dear and truth precious, rejected the unjust judgment." Hist.
	www.newmanreader.org /works/athanasius/volume1/epistle2-2.html (8135 words)

	Nicene/Post-Nicene, Series II, Volume 26
		AFTER the Synod [Council of Nicaea] the emperor [Constantine] spent some time in recreation, and after the public celebration of his twentieth anniversary of his accession, he immediately devoted himself to the reparation of the churches.
		Chapter XI A Council was convened at Sicily; and after the same doctrines had been confirmed as those set forth in the confession of the deputies, the assembly was dissolved.
		The number of individuals congregated at the council of Ariminum proves nothing in prejudice of orthodox doctrines; for the council was held without the sanction of the bishops at Rome, whose opinion, before that of all others, ought to have been received...
	jmgainor.homestead.com /files/PU/ECW/npn2/npnii26-1.htm (6117 words)

	St. Meletius
		Meletius presided as the first patriarch that was present; in it one hundred and fifty Catholic bishops, and thirty-six of the Macedonian sect, made their appearance; but all these latter chose rather to withdraw than to retract their error, or confess the divinity of the Holy Ghost.
		Meletius died at Constantinople while the council was sitting to the inexpressible grief of the fathers, and of the good emperor.
		His funeral was performed at Constantinople with the utmost magnificence, and attended by the fathers of the council, and all the Catholics of the city.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/MELETIUS.htm (1922 words)

	Writings of Athanasius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was written moreover after the latter council had broken up (Oct. 1), but before the news had reached Athanasius of the Emperor's chilling reception of the Ariminian deputies, and of the protest of the bishops against their long detention at that place.
		This then is in itself a strong argument, that the aim of the present Councils was not truth, but the annulling of the acts of Nicæa; but the proceedings of them and their friends in the Councils themselves, make it equally clear that this was the case:--For now we must relate everything as it occurred.
		Explanation of the rejection of `coessential' by the Council which condemned the Samosatene; use of the word by Dionysius of Alexandria; parallel variation in the use of Unoriginate; quotation from Ignatius and another; reasons for using `coessential;' objections to it; examination of the word itself; further documents of the Council of Ariminum.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txuc/athana44.htm (15480 words)

	Writings of Athanasius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Apollin., `the Dispute with Arius at the Council of Nicæa.' (2) Paris, 1520, pub.
		But it was one thing to perceive this, another to formulate the positive belief of the Church in such a way as to exclude the heresy; one thing to agree in condemning Arian formulæ, another to agree upon an adequate test of orthodoxy.
		The objections felt to the word homoousion at the council were (1) philosophical, based on the identification of ousia with either eidos (i.e.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txuc/athana20.htm (20435 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 945 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Marcus and his fellow-prelates are charged with having deceived Constans, by presenting to him as their confession of faith, not the Arian or Eusebian confession, lately agreed on at the synod of Antioch, but another confession, of orthodox complexion, yet not fully orthodox, which is given by Socrates.
		Mark appears to have acted with the Eusebian or Semi-Arian party, and took part on their side, probably in the council of Philippopolis, held by the prelates of the East, after their secession from Sardica (a.
		During the short reign of Julian Marcus, then an old man, was cruelly tortured in various ways by the heathen populace of Arethusa, who were irritated by the success of his efforts to convert their fellow-townsmen to Christianity.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/2053.html (1024 words)

	The Catholic Legate
		Sixth Council of the Council of Nicaea: A Response to “The Papacy Uncovered” and Its Unsubstantiated Interpretation of the Sixth Canon of Nicaea.
		The Council of Nicæa, therefore, came to his assistance, by decreeing that the Patriarch's authority must be respected, and that for two reasons: 1st, because it was [archaia], immemorial, aboriginal; and 2d, because it was sanctioned by constant recognition on the part of the Roman Pontiff.
		But it was nonetheless entered into the acts of the Council, along with their protest: “But this protest could not change the decree of the council nor the position of the Greek church in the matter, although, under the influence of the emperor, Anatolius wrote an humble letter to Leo.
	www.catholic-legate.com /dialogues/canon6.html (9189 words)

	COUNCIL OF SARDICA - Online Information article about COUNCIL OF SARDICA
		The anticipated agreement, however, was not attained; and the result of the council was simply to embitter the relations between the two See also:
		The proposal to draw up a new creed was rejected.
		Zosimus unsuccessfully attempted to employ these canons of Sardica, as decisions of the council of See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SAC_SAR/SARDICA_COUNCIL_OF.html (641 words)

	Church Fathers Volume 25
		Another general council was therefore summoned to meet at Sardica,--a city of Illyricum, --by the joint authority of the two emperors; the one requesting by letter that it might be so, and the other, of the East, readily acquiescing in it.
		On this ground, therefore, as I have said, he was most unwillingly obliged to be present: and when he refused to concur with them, stripes and tortures were inflicted on the old man. Wherefore he was constrained by force to acquiesce in and subscribe to their exposition of the faith.
		The council also acquainted the emperor with their determinations in a communication which translated from the Latin into Greek, was to the following effect: (14) Epistle of the Synod of Ariminum to the Emperor Constantius.
	www.catholicfirst.com /thefaith/churchfathers/volume25/socrates2503.cfm (13437 words)

	Newman Reader - Treatises of St. Athanasius - Epistle 2
		Thus they thought to hold Councils at their pleasure, as having those who concurred with them, whom they had ordained on purpose for this very object [Note 7].
		This was the first of their Councils, and in it they were speedy in divulging their views, and could not conceal them.
		There had been no important Oriental Council held since that of the Dedication ten years before, till this of Sirmium; unless indeed that of Philippopolis requires to be mentioned, which was a secession from the Council of Sardica.
	www.newmanreader.org /works/athanasius/original/epistle2-2.html (12527 words)

	NPNF2-04. Athanasius: Select Works and Letters \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the letter of the council of Philippopolis the cottage of Ischyras becomes a ‘basilica’ which Athanasius had caused to be thrown down.
		A report of the case, including the last version of the Ischyras scandal, was sent to Constantine, who, startled by the new accusation, sent orders to his half-brother, Dalmatius, a high official at Antioch, to enquire into the case.
		It must be remembered that the Council of Tyre was merely a πάρεργον to the great Dedication Meeting at Jerusalem, which was to celebrate the Tricennalia of Constantine’s reign by consecrating his grand church on Mount Calvary.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/npnf204.v.ii.v.html?highlight=p (2409 words)

	THE CANONS OF THE SYNODS OF SARDICA, CARTHAGE, CONSTANTINOPLE, AND CARTHAGE UNDER ST. CYPRIAN
		The Eusebians assembled at Philippopolis (the pseudo-synod of Sardica) say, in their synodal letter: "Bishop Asclepas of Gaza was deposed from his bishopric seventeen years ago." This deposition occurred at an Antiochian synod.
		It will also be well to bear in mind that they were received by the Greeks as of Ecumenical authority by the Council in Trullo, and as such are contained in the body of the Greek Canon Law.
		I remember that in a former council our brethren decreed that if any layman did not attend divine service in a city in which he was staying three Sundays, that is, for three weeks, he should be deprived of communion.
	www.synaxis.org /ecf/volume37/ECF37THE_CANONS_OF_THE_SYNODS_OF_SARD.htm (9121 words)

	Marcian
		He, too, enrolled as a soldier (at Philippopolis) and in AD 421 he served against the Persians.
		In AD 451 the Ecumenical Council of the Church at Chalcedon was held, which was to define the creed which is still the basis of religious teaching for the Eastern Orthodox Church today.
		Although parts of pope Leo I's demands were incorporated in the final agreement of the council, this council was a defining moment in the division between the eastern and the western Christian church.
	www.roman-empire.net /constant/marcian.html (522 words)

	Purpose-Rodrigue
		My students and I are particularly pleased by the lab's preservation of the rare Ladino newspaper El Dia from Philippopolis (Plovdiv), Bulgaria.
		There are behind-the-scenes activities within research libraries that are often overlooked in the course of everyday library usage, yet which can make a significant contribution to teaching and scholarly research.
		Rodrigue was the Ina Levine Senior Scholar in Residence at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2003-2004, and received an American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship, 1998-99; a Stanford Humanities Center Fellowship, 1998-99; and a National Jewish Book Council Honor Award in Sephardic Studies, 1994.
	library.stanford.edu /depts/diroff/biennial06/p_rodrogue.html (689 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: John Henry Newman: On Consulting the Faithful in Matters of Doctrine, July 1859
		A.D. Council of Rome of fifty Bishops, attended by the exiles from Thrace, Syria, andc., by Athanasius, andc., in which Athanasius was pronounced innocent.
		"At the council of Milan, Eusebius of Vercellae, when it was proposed to draw up a declaration against Athanasius, said that the council ought first to be sure of the faith of the Bishops attending it, for he had found out that some of them were polluted with heresy.
		Ephesus, the capital of Asia Minor, is all in commotion; for a council is to be held there, and Bishops are flocking in from all parts of the world.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/newman-faithful.html (12076 words)

	Christianity / timeline of christianity / council of sardica
		Christianity / timeline of christianity / council of sardica
		domination of the council by Western bishops, many Eastern bishops left the council to hold another council in Philippopolis.
		A list of the wikipedia authors can be found here.
	www.christianity-guide.com /christianity/council_of_sardica.htm (254 words)

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