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Topic: Council of Pisa

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Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

	Council of Constance - LoveToKnow 1911
		In this sentence it is to be noted that the council of Constance was careful not to base itself upon the former decision of the council of Pisa.
		The action of the council of Constance in renewing the condemnation of the doctrines of Wycliffe pronounced at Rome in 1413, and in condemning and executing John Huss and Jerome of Prague, is dealt with elsewhere (see Wycliffe; Huss; Jerome Of Prague).
		The principle of the periodicity of the councils was admitted; the first was to assemble after the lapse of five years, the second within the next seven years, and subsequent councils were to meet decennially.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Council_of_Constance (1348 words)

	Council of Pisa - LoveToKnow 1911
		They were forestalled by the popes, who each summoned a council, the former to Cividale (in Friuli), the latter to Perpignan, so the dissident cardinals sent out antedated letters inviting Christendom to assemble at Pisa on the 25th of March 1409.
		They had hoped to save the Church, but unfortunately the result of their efforts, generous as they were, was that the schism increased in bitterness, and that instead of the unity for which the Church craved, three popes continued to flourish.
		Originally the council of Pisa was to have occupied itself not only with effecting the union, but also with the reform of the Church.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Council_of_Pisa (655 words)

	AllRefer.com - Pisa, Italy (Italian Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Pisa's political and commercial power increased upon acquisition of possessions and trading privileges in the eastern Mediterranean during the Crusades.
		While competing with Genoa for the possession of Corsica and Sardinia, Pisa was crushed by the Genoese in the naval battle of Meloria (1284).
		Pisa was badly damaged in World War II but was extensively reconstructed after 1945; the characteristic Pisan style, a variation of the Romanesque, was largely retained.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Pisa.html (510 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fifth Lateran Council 1512-17 A.D. This council was summoned by pope Julius II by the bull Sacrosanctae Romanae Ecclesiae, issued at Rome on 18 July 1511, after several schismatic cardinals, officially supported by Louis XII, king of France, had assembled a quasi-council at Pisa.
		Twice postponed, the council held its first session in full solemnity at Rome in the Lateran residence on 10 May 1512, at which session an elaborate address on the evils of the church was made by Giles of Viterbo, general of the order of Augustinian hermits.
		We are continuing the sacred Lateran council for the praise of the almighty and undivided Trinity and for the glory of him whose place we represent on earth, who develops peace and harmony in his high heavens, and who, on his departure from this world, left peace as a lawful inheritance to his disciples.
	library.catholic.org /councils/councils12.txt (9328 words)

	Council of Pisa - Encyclopedia.com
		Council of Pisa 1409, unrecognized council of the Roman Catholic Church.
		The council first gave quasi-official expression to the conciliar theory, i.e., that councils are supreme in the church, a notion that became prominent again at Constance and at Basel (see Constance, Council of ; Basel, Council of).
		The lack of recognition toward the council rests on several features; e.g., most of the cardinals involved owed their creation to popes whom they declared to be holding office illegally.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Pisa-Cou.html (1127 words)

	Council of Pisa
		To oppose this project Benedict convoked a council at Perpignan while Gregory assembled another at Aquilea, but those assemblies met with little success, hence to the Council of Pisa were directed all the attention, unrest, and hopes of the Catholic world.
		On 15 June the cardinals met in the archiepiscopal palace of Pisa to proceed with the election of a new pope.
		It resembles no other council, and has a place by itself in the history of the Church, as unlawful in the manner in which it was convoked, unpractical in its choice of means, not indisputable in its results, and having no claim to represent the Universal Church.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/pisa,council_of.html (1950 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Council of Constance 1414-18 INTRODUCTION 1 [This is the introduction given by Tanner in Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils] This council was summoned by John XXIII, the Pisan pope [1 ], with the support of Emperor Sigismund.
		The said council reserves the right to declare and inflict other punishments that should be imposed for the said crimes and faults in accordance with canonical sanctions, according as the rigour of justice or the counsel of mercy may advise.
		This council was occasioned by The Schism begun when the cardinals who had elected Urban VI pope on 8th April 1378 and who had all repeatedly recognised him subsequently, decided in view of his offensive zeal for reform to claim that the pressure they had been under during his election had invalidated it.
	library.catholic.org /councils/councils16.txt (14176 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Council of Pisa
		On the feast of the Annunciation, 4 patriarchs, 22 cardinals, and 80 bishops asembled in the cathedral of Pisa under the presidency of Cardinal de Malesset, Bishop of Palestrina.
		German embassy unfavourable to the project of the assembled cardinals went to Pisa (15 April) at the instance of Robert of Bavaria, King of the Romans.
		All the members appended their signatures to the decree of the council, and every one thought that the schism was ended forever.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12112b.htm (1921 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517. \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		The three councils of Pisa, 1409, Constance, 1414, and Basel, 1431, of which the schism was the occasion, are known in history as the Reformatory councils.
		Deputies arriving from Perpignan a week later, June 14, were hooted by the council when the archbishop of Tarragona, one of their number, declared them to be "the representatives of the venerable pope, Benedict XIII." Benedict had a short time before shown his defiance of the Pisan fathers by adding twelve members to his cabinet.
		The council adjourned March 26, 1409, after appointing a delegation of seven to proceed to Pisa and negotiate for the healing of the schism.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc6.ii.iii.iv.html (2154 words)

	Council of Constance - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The Council of Constance was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, called by the Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Pope John XXIII, the pope recently elected at Pisa.
		The council was held from November 16, 1414 to April 22, 1418 in Constance.
		An innovation at the Council was that instead of voting as individuals, the bishops voted in national blocs, explicitly confirming the national pressures that had fueled the schism since 1378.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=7661 (694 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Fifth Lateran Council
		He pointed out to them that the three months accorded by them for the assembly of all bishops at Pisa was too short, and that said city presented none of the advantages requisite for an assembly of such importance.
		In the eighth (17 December, 1513), an act of King Louis XII was read, disavowing the Council of Pisa and adhering to the
		Finally, the council promulgated a decree prescribing war against the Turks and ordered the levying of tithes of all the benefices in Christendom for three years.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09018b.htm (507 words)

	All Ecumenical Councils - All the Decrees
		Third Council of Constantinople (680-681), under Pope Agatho and the Emperor Constantine Pogonatus, was attended by the Patriarchs of Constantinople and of Antioch, 174 bishops, and the emperor.
		Council of Constance (1414-1418), was held during the great Schism of the West, with the object of ending the divisions in the Church.
		Council of Basle (1431), Eugene IV being pope, and Sigismund Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.piar.hu /councils (1185 words)

	Part IV - The Middle Ages: Lesson No. 26 - Papal Reform and Decline
		This council, called by the Holy Roman Emperor and John XXIII (1410-1415), the successor to Alexander, was the greatest church council of the Middle Ages, having been largely attended by a brilliant array of church leaders.
		This council met in accordance with a decree of the Council of Constance, though the popes were not really pleased to have councils undercutting their authority.
		The Council of Basel was to address moral and administrative reforms but it ended up as something of a fiasco which hurt the cause of conciliary supremacy.
	www.bible.ca /history/eubanks/history-eubanks-26.htm (1055 words)

	COUNCIL OF PISA (1409) - Online Information article about COUNCIL OF PISA (1409)
		In the course of the rejoicings which followed this sentence among the populace of Pisa, occurred the somewhat scandalous event of the burning of two images crowned with See also:
		Both the deposed pontiffs protested against the legality of the council of Pisa; each had numerous partisans, and the thesis, constructed rather to meet the exigencies of the See also:
		Originally the council of Pisa was to have occupied itself not only with effecting the union, but also with the reform cf the Church.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PIG_POL/PISA_COUNCIL_OF_1409_.html (978 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Pisa - AOL Research & Learn
		At the same time, a school of sculpture founded by Nicola Pisano flourished in Pisa and gave the city some of its great art treasures.
		The university (founded in the 14th cent.) enjoyed a great reputation during the Renaissance; Galileo, who was born in Pisa in 1564, was a student and later a teacher there.
		Begun (1173) as the bell tower for the cathedral of Santa Maria Maggiore, it started to list when three stories high, and attempts to compensate for this during construction (which was stopped several times by war) have given the tower a slightly curved shape vertically.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/pisa/20051207012209990015 (525 words)

	Papacy in the Late Middle Ages - Knox (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Both popes were deposed as schismatics and heretics, and the Council elected a new pope, Alexander V (1409-1410).
		The failure of the Council of Pisa led immediately to calls for another Council, but the question of authority was now worse than ever.
		With the failure at Pisa, he at last responded to entreaties and called another general council at the Imperial city of Constance.
	www.boisestate.edu /courses/latemiddleages/papacy/22.shtml (234 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Because of their insistence on the power of a council, they were known as the Conciliarists, and the group soon included virtually everyone committed to ecclesiastical reform.
		Such a council met in Pisa in 1408, deposed both pontiffs, and elected a third.
		This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents,including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact.The contents of ORB are copyright © 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/nelson/great_schism.html (895 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes
		It was called as the pope's reply to the summoning of an antipapal conciliabulum at Pisa, and this gathering owed its existence to an alliance of the French king, Louis XII, with a small group of cardinals hostile to the pope and his policies.
		There was an average attendance at the council of about go to 100 bishops, and almost all of them were from sees in one or other of the Italian states, subjects, that is, of the King of Spain, of Florence, Venice and the rest, as well as of the pope.
		There were no more than twelve public meetings of the council in all: four in 1512, four in 1513, and one in each of the years 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517 The legislation of the council appeared in the form of papal bulls, published in the several sessions.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun19.html (3939 words)

	MAJOR COUNCILS OF THE CHURCH: (councils.htm)
		Though the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15 and Galatians 2) was the first Church Council, attended by the Apostles, the first Ecumenical (world-wide) Council was called by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great with Pope Saint Sylvester I sitting on the Throne of Peter as the 33rd successor of Christ's appointed Apostle.
		This Council's main docket was the attempt to reunite with the Eastern Church, but it was only temporary and the schism grew wider after the solidification of the Dogmatic Filioque in which it was reaffirmed emphatically that the Holy Ghost proceeds from both the Father and the Son.
		The greatest and longest of all the major ecumenical councils was convened by Pope Paul III on December 13, 1545 in the mouintain village of Trent in northern Italy.
	www.dailycatholic.org /history/councils.htm (2468 words)

	Julius II and Leo X
		This council was summoned by pope Julius II by the bull Sacrosanctae Romanae Ecclesiae, issued at Rome on 18 July 1511, after several schismatic cardinals, officially supported by Louis XII, king of France, had assembled a quasi-council at Pisa.
		Julius, bishop, servant of the servants of God, with the approval of the sacred council, for an everlasting record.
		Besides, we order that henceforth a provincial council is to be held every three years, and we decree that even exempt persons are to attend them, notwithstanding any privilege or custom to the contrary.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/LATERAN5.HTM (8795 words)

	PISA - IPN
		PISA untersucht in Abständen von 3 Jahren Bildungsergebnisse, die in den teilnehmenden Staaten erreicht werden.
		PISA ist der zentrale Teil eines umfassenden Indikatorensystems der Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OECD).
		PISA stellt den Regierungen als Auftraggebern der Studie empirisch fundierte Erkenntnisse zur Verfügung, die ihnen helfen sollen, ihre Bildungssysteme auf der Basis umfassender und zuverlässiger Daten zu steuern.
	pisa.ipn.uni-kiel.de /pisa_start.html (273 words)

	Council of Pisa — Infoplease.com
		Pisa, Council of, 1409, unrecognized council of the Roman Catholic Church.
		It declared both popes to be heretical and schismatic and therefore not popes; the cardinals proceeded to elect Pietro Cardinal Philarghi as Alexander V. This move served to complicate the schism with a third claimant rather than to dissolve it.
		The voice of theologians in general councils from Pisa to Trent.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0839176.html (323 words)

	Council of Pisa - Biocrawler
		The Council of Pisa met in 1409 to solve the Great Schism in the Catholic Church.
		However it succeeded in only complicating situation by deposing the two popes and electing a third.
		It was thus followed by the more successful Council of Constance which deposed two of the popes, forced the third to resign, and elected Martin V to office.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Council_of_Pisa (86 words)

	[No title]
		The Council of Vienne was held in that town in France by order of Clement V, the first of the Avignon popes.
		The synod dealt with the crimes and errors imputed to the Knights Templars, the Fraticelli, the Beghards, and the Beguines, with projects of a new crusade, the reformation of the clergy, and the teaching of Oriental languages in the universities.
		Quarrels with the pope having arisen, the council was transferred first to Ferrara (1438), then to Florence (1439), where a short-lived union with the Greek Church was effected, the Greeks accepting the council's definition of controverted points.
	www.lycos.com /info/popes--foreign-council.html?page=2 (401 words)

	All Together Now - Christian History
		Some Catholics wouldn't be bound either: the 1409 Council of Pisa lost its bid to make the all-time list when neither of the men claiming to be pope obeyed it.
		Ecumenical councils trace their lineage back to the First Council of Nicea (325), which is most famous for giving us the Nicene Creed (which is considerably shorter than the version we often recite), and being called by Emperor Constantine.
		Make that "councils," because bishops representing two major schools of thought on the nature of Christ (the Alexandrian and Antiochene, for those of you keeping score) regarded each other with such animosity that they met separately.
	www.christianitytoday.com /history/newsletter/2000/sep01.html (722 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Fifth Lateran Council
		Documents of the Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517 A.D.), preceeded by a brief history of the council.
		This was after the happy and favourable adherence to, and union with, this most holy Lateran council on the part of our most dear son in Christ, Maximilian, ever revered emperor-elect of the Romans.
		Thus we are glad to regulate the indults and privileges granted to the same subjects by both our predecessors and the apostolic see, at the expense of the prelate
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5340 (7841 words)

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