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Topic: Council of Seleucia

	NPNF2-02. Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Acacius, succeeds Eusebius as bishop of Cæsarea, 284, 294; participates in second council of Antioch, 285; deposed by Western bishops, 290; favors Aetian doctrines, 311; ejects Maximus, 315; deposed by council of Seleucia, 318; attends council of Antioch, 348.
		Auxentius, bishop of Milan, an Arian, 291, 294, 312, 313, 361; condemned by council of Rome, 360; death, 361.
		Council of Alexandria, 209; reaffirms Nicene doctrines, 335.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/npnf202.iv.ii.html (3087 words)

	Ecumenical Councils and the rise and fall of the Church of Rome (Roman Catholic Church) - abelard
		The purpose of the council was twofold: reform of the Church and the recovery of the Holy Land.
		The Council of Vienne (fifteenth Ecumenical Council, 1311 – 1312, Templars).
		The Council of Trent (nineteenth Ecumenical Council, 1545 – 1563).
	www.abelard.org /councils/councils.htm (12628 words)

	Cyril of Jerusalem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Separating from his metropolitan, Acacius of Caesarea, a partisan of Arius, Cyril took the side of the Eusebians, the "right wing" of the post-Nicene conciliation party, and thus got into difficulties with his superior, which were increased by Acacius's jealousy of the importance assigned to Cyril's see by the Council of Nicaea.
		A council held under Acacius's influence in 358 deposed Cyril and forced him to retire to Tarsus.
		On the other hand, the conciliatory Council of Seleucia in the following year, at which Cyril was present, deposed Acacias.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem (687 words)

	Isaac of Seleucia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		According to the most probable tradition he was enabled through the influence he had with King Yazdgerd I, to restore the Catholicate of Seleucia, which had been vacant for twenty-two years.
		Isaac's great work was the organizing of the Council of Seleucia, the equivalent for the Eastern Syrian Church of the Council of Nicaea.
		They recognized Isaac, the Catholicos of Seleucia, as the sole official head of the Persian Christians, and declared that the secular arm would repress all who were insubordinate to him.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/i/isaac_of_seleucia.html (271 words)

	NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Of the Council held at Seleucia in Isauria.
		He had been condemned by the council of Sardica, but had expressed contempt for so large an assembly of bishops, and had refused to accept their adverse decision.
		On appeal to the Council of Seleucia he was reinstated, but again deposed by Constantius, partly on the pretended charge of dealing improperly with a robe given by Constantine to Macarius, which Theodoret records later (Chap.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/npnf203.iv.viii.ii.xxii.html (878 words)

	Cyril of Jerusalem - OrthodoxWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Naturally inclined to peace and conciliation, he took at first a rather moderate position, distinctly averse from Arianism, but (like not a few of his undoubtedly orthodox contemporaries) by no means eager to accept the uncompromising term homoousios.
		Separating from his metropolitan, Acacius of Caesarea, a partisan of Arius, Cyril took the side of the Eusebians, the "right wing" of the post-Nicene conciliation party, and thus got into difficulties with his superior, which were increased by Acacius's jealousy of the importance assigned to Cyril's see by the First Council of Nicaea.
		At that council, he voted for acceptance of the term homoousios, having been finally convinced that there was no better alternative.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Cyril_of_Jerusalem (644 words)

	Nestorianism - OrthodoxWiki
		In 499, at a council in Seleucia, the Third Ecumenical Council was condemned and the Nestorians formally split from the Church.
		Condemned at the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon, Monophysites accused the Council and the Church of restoring Nestorianism.
		At the Council, the Church condemned Theodore of Mopsuestia as a heretic.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Nestorianism (3115 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. III
		The councils of Nicaea and of Ephesus, called the first and the third oecumenical councils, are vindicated by the assent of the wisest of the Church.
		The acts of the Council of Chalcedon refer to Theodoret having been righted by the ishop of "the illustrious city of Rome;" "the archbishop of the senior city of Rome." The primacy is that of the ancient capital.
		The innocence of Athanasius was vindicated at the Council held at Rome in Nov. a.d.
	biblestudy.churches.net /CCEL/FATHERS2/NPNF203/NPNF2062.HTM (8841 words)

	Schism in the East By Brother David Mary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In 381, the Emperor convoked a General Council of the Catholic Church in Constantinople with the approval of Pope St. Damasus I. Under the presidency of the Emperor’s pliant prelate, Nectarius, this council passed some jurisdictional canons which pertained to the authority of the Church and Constantinople’s place in it.
		In 692, the Emperor Justinian II, assembled a false council in Carthage, known as the council in Trullo, or council of the dome, as it was held in the hall of the dome at the imperial palace.
		While this council temporarily healed the relations between the East and Rome, the schismatic seed had been sown in the East, and it would be but a short time till it would blossom forth anew with the restoration of Photius to the episcopal see of Constantinople upon the death of St. Ignatius.
	www.catholicism.org /pages/eastschism.htm (7088 words)

	Newman Reader - Arians of the 4th Century - Chapter 5-2
		The Ecumenical Council of Constantinople in the reign of Theodosius
		This was in accordance with the principle acted upon by the Alexandrian Council, on the separation of the Meletians from the Arians.
		In the mean while, a Council had been held at Aquileia of the bishops of the north of Italy, with a view of inquiring into the faith of two Bishops of Dacia, accused of Arianism.
	www.newmanreader.org /works/arians/chapter5-2.html (4843 words)

	[No title]
		In this council S. Hilary bore witness to the faith of the Western Church being the same as that declared to be the Catholic Faith at the Council of Nice in AD 325, and he protested against both the Arian and semi-Arian opinions as novelties.
		He accompanied the deputies of the council to Constantinople, in hopes of obtaining from the Emperor Constantius the recall of his sentence of banishment.
		While the Arian synod was sitting at Constantinople, in January, AD 360, he entreated the Emperor to grant him a conference with Saturninus, Bishop of Arles, the author of his exile, and that he might be allowed to appear in the synod, and bear witness to the Catholic Faith.
	vrcoll.fa.pitt.edu /medart/texts/saints/Baring-Gould/SBG-LS-Hilary.html (1211 words)

	The Fourth Ecumenical Council
		From the acts of the council which preceded the appearance of Eutyches at it, one must note that the epistle of Leo the Great was not permitted to be read, obviously since it was unfavorable for Eutyches and Dioscorus, since it was directed against their heretical teachings.
		At the first session of the council, which took place on October 8th, at the insistence of the pope's legates, Dioscorus of Alexandria, who was sitting among the other fathers, had to leave their ranks and sit in the middle, as one under judgment, who had lost the right to vote.
		"Epistle of the Council of Chalcedon to the Emperors Valentinian and Marcian.
	www.orthodoxinfo.com /ecumenism/hist_fourth.aspx (8128 words)

	Arianism Versus the Council of Nicaea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This Council in Antioch was a forerunner of the latter Council in Nicaea.
		At this Council Arianism was condemned, a profession of faith resembling the Alexandrian creed was promulgated and three Bishops who refused to agree with the teaching of this Council were provisionally excommunicated until the Council of Nicaea.
		This Council directly attacked the Nicaea Council by promulgating its own creed that omitted the phrases "from the substance of the Father" and "homoousios." Some attempts were made to find a substitute word for homoousios.
	www.monksofadoration.org /arianism.html (3111 words)

	COUNCIL MINUS PAPACY EQUALS CHAOS (This Rock: November 1997)
		His answer: The decisive criterion of the ecumenicity of a council is whether it receives "the recognition of its decrees by the whole Church, which is therefore in fact the sole authority in Orthodoxy." How is it possible to vest "supreme" authority in one agency (a council) and "sole" authority in another (the whole Church)?
		Very soon after the Council of Nicaea in 325, orthodoxy came under heavy attack by the Arians and the emperor whom they had won to their side.
		They argued that the Council of Tyre’s condemnation of Athanasius in 335 was not subject to appeal to the Pope because the emperor convened the council.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1997/9711eaw.asp (2226 words)

	Cyril of Jerusalem Summary
		A second reason for this rupture was the ambiguity of the seventh canon of the Council of Nicaea (325), which ordered that the bishop of Jerusalem be honored according to ancient custom but be subject to the metropolitan of Caesarea.
		A council held under Acacius's influence in 358 deposed Cyril and forced him to retire to Tarsus.
		On the other hand, the conciliatory Council of Seleucia in the following year, at which Cyril was present, deposed Acacias.
	www.bookrags.com /Cyril_of_Jerusalem (1757 words)

	The Life of Saint Basil #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Two Councils were then called, one for the West that met at Rimini in July, and one for the East in late September at Seleucia.
		And at the Council of Seleucia an orthodox position was upheld.
		The occasion for the reply was the preparation for a Council that met late in 364 or perhaps in 365 at Lampsacus on the Hellespont.
	www.basilian.org /Publica/StBasil/Stbasil1.htm (11955 words)

	THE EARLY CHRISTIAN LITERATURE PRIMERS
		In their council at Tyre they charged him with being elected clandestinely, whereas we testify that it was by a majority of the body of bishops, and with the acclamation of all the people.
		The decisions of the council were set forth in letters to the church of Alexandria and to the bishops of Egypt and Libya, and in an encyclical.
		The allowable one was affirmed by the Nicene Council.
	www.earlychristianwritings.com /jackson2/05_ath.html (6522 words)

	Athanasius, Saint. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In his youth, as secretary to Bishop Alexander, he took part in the christological debate against Arius at the Council of Nicaea (see Nicaea, First Council of), and thereafter became chief protagonist for Nicene orthodoxy in the long struggle for its acceptance in the East.
		It was during this period of hiding with the hermit monks of the Egyptian desert, whom he admired greatly, that he wrote his best exposition of Nicene christology, Discourses Against the Arians, attacking both the Arians and the views of Marcellus of Ancyra.
		By now a conservative reaction in the East issued in the strongly anti-Arian Lucianic creed promulgated at the Council of Seleucia (359), a step which led to the final victory of Nicene orthodoxy at the Council of Constantinople in 381.
	www.bartleby.com /65/at/AthanasSt.html (481 words)

	The Nestorian Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In 430 Celestine, bishop of Rome, condemned Nestorius on account of his heretical christology, and a year later Nestorius was anathematised at the Council of Ephesus.
		In 436 Nestorius was deposed and then exiled to Egypt where he spent the rest of his life.
		In 498, at the Council of Seleucia, the Nestorian Church completely severed itself from the rest of the Christian church.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/christ/early/nestor.html (413 words)

	Church Fathers Volume 25
		The period at which the council was convened at Sirmium, was the year after the expiration of the consulate of Sergius and Nigrinian; and during this year there were no consuls either in the East or the West, owing to the insurrections excited by the tyrants.
		Photinus was deposed by this council, because he was accused of countenancing the errors of Sabellius and Paul of Samosata.
		Those who were deputed to request his attendance found the partisans of Acacius in his house; and he declined their invitation, under the plea that too much discord prevailed in the council, and that he had only been commanded by the emperor to attend the council in case of unanimity among the members.
	www.catholicfirst.com /thefaith/churchfathers/volume25/sozomen2504.cfm (13050 words)

	John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
		Zeno subscribed in the council of Nice, in the year 325, the first among the bishops of Phoenicia; Vitalis was in the council at Sardica, in the year 347.
		Acacius succeeded him, and was in a little council at Seleucia, in the year 359, and in another at Antioch, in the year 363.
		Mention is made of Irenaeus, who presided over it in the acts of the same council; and Elias, another bishop of it, subscribed in the council at Jerusalem, in the year 536; and there is an account of John bishop of this church, in the acts of the council at Constantinople, in the year 553.
	eword.gospelcom.net /comments/acts/gill/acts21.htm (3562 words)

	St. Irene Chrysovalantou l Calendar l Cyril Archbishop of Jerusalem
		The heretic Akakios, deposed by the Council of Sardica, was formerly the Metropolitan of Caesarea, and he collaborated with the emperor to have St. Cyril removed.
		After this, a local Council at Seleucia, at which there were about 150 bishops, and among them St. Cyril.
		In 381 St. Cyril participated in the Second Ecumenical Council, which condemned the heresy of Macedonius and affirmed the Nicea-Constantinople Symbol of Faith (Creed).
	www.stirene.org /Archives/March/0318-StCyril.htm (879 words)

	Silifke
		Seleucia on the Calycadnus (Latin: Seleucia ad Calycadnum) — variously cited over the centuries as Seleucia [in] Cilicia, Seleucia [in,of] Isauria, Seleucia Trachea, and Seleucia Tracheotis — was founded by Seleucus I Nicator in the early 3rd century BC, one of several cities Seleucus named after himself.
		Early Christian bishops held a Council of Seleucia in (variously cited) 325, 359, and 410.
		Seleucia was famous for the tomb of Saint Thecla, a virgin of Iconium, converted by Saint Paul, and who died at Seleucia, according to the Acta Pauli et Theclae, an apocryphal work of the second century.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Cities/Silifke.html (795 words)

	c. Shapur II to the Reforms of Khusrau I. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Under the patronage of Yazdgird, Sassanian Christians held the Council of Seleucia and adopted the anti-Arian creed of the Council of Nicaea.
		Bahram was defeated (422) and agreed to permit Persian Christians to seek refuge in the Roman empire and to halt persecution.
		The eastern Christian church declared itself independent at the Council of Dadiso (424).
	www.bartleby.com /67/273.html (856 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia: NESTORIUS AND NESTORIANISM
		He and Theodoret were both restored by that council, and both seem to have taken the view that St. Leo's Tome was a rehabilitation of the Antiochene theology.
		Cyril's council at Ephesus together with the bishops of the Antiochene patriarchate, became after the council a convinced, and even a violent, Cyrillian, and he did his best against the school of the Persians.
		At this assembly, the Antiochene Christology was affirmed and a canon of Beit Lapat permitting the marriage of the clergy was repeated.
	essenes.net /Nestor.htm (5265 words)

	Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, WA
		The heretic Akakios, deposed by the Council of Sardica, was formerly the Metropolitan of Caesarea, and he collaborated with the emperor to have St Cyril removed.
		After this, a local Council at Seleucia, at which there were about 150 Bishops (including St Cyril).
		Akakios stormed out of the Council, and before the emperor and the Arian patriarch Eudoxios, he denounced both the Council and St Cyril.
	home.iprimus.com.au /xenos/cyril2.html (881 words)

	Newman Reader - Treatises of St. Athanasius, Vol. 1 - Epistle 2
		As to this bipartite Council, it was the concluding act of a long series of heretical attempts to commit the Church through her Synods to Arian doctrine, attempts which Athanasius has here, in his chapters iii.
		Meanwhile the transactions in Seleucia the Rocky were as follows: it was in the month called by the Romans September, by the Egyptians Thoth, and by the Macedonians {78} Gorpiæus [Note 17], and the day of the month according to the Egyptians the 16th, upon which all the members of the Council assembled together.
		And this was the termination of the Council in Seleucia.
	www.newmanreader.org /works/athanasius/volume1/epistle2-1.html (5524 words)

	An Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		As Seleucia had no bishop at the time of the raid, and the metropolitical provinces of the East were not organized for 150 years after this date, the tradition must not be taken au pied de la lettre.
		Constantine regarded the council as an "imperial affair." In the whole controversy, it was the peace of the Empire that he saw endangered, not the vital truth of Christianity; and the council was summoned to guard the first, by determining the second.
		the council met at Seleucia; and after a brief formal sitting under the presidency of Isaac and Marutha, adjourned for nearly a month-an interval spent probably in discussions, and in the drawing up informally of the canons which were to be passed at a later session.
	www.aina.org /books/itthotac/itthotac.htm (17313 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		They have each their own bishop and their own clergy; they celebrate festivals in honor of their respective martyrs, and in memory of the priests who successively ruled them; and the boundaries of the adjacent fields by which the altars belonging to the bishops are divided, are still preserved.
		The inhabitants of Majuma opposed this scheme, and the council of the province took cognizance of the dispute, and ordained another bishop.
		At this juncture a council was convened at Antioch in Syria; the form of belief established by the council of Nicaea was confirmed; and it was decided that the Son is incontrovertibly of the same substance as the Father.
	library.catholic.org /patristc/patristc251.txt (17074 words)

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