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Topic: Council of the Indies

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	Consejo de Indias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Consejo de Indias ("Council of the Indies"), in full the Real y Supremo Consejo de Indias ("Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies") was the most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire, both in administering the Americas and in the Philippines, combining legislative, executive and judicial functions.
		Decisions by the Council and legislation for the Indies promulgated by the crown were formally codified in 1680.
		The archives of the Council, the Archivo General de Indias one of the major centers of documentation for European history, is housed in Seville.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Council_of_the_Indies (416 words)

	b. Administration. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The legislation for the Indies promulgated by the crown and the Council of the Indies was codified in the Recopilación de Leyes … de las Indias (1680).
		With the advent of the Bourbon dynasty (1700), the Council of the Indies declined in importance.
		Direct royal government in the Indies was instituted with the appointment of Francisco de Bobadilla as judge and governor of Española and the removal of Columbus (1499–1500).
	www.bartleby.com /67/909.html (1362 words)

	SHQ Online :: Volume 021 Number 3 :: THE RESIDENCIA IN THE SPANISH COLONIES
		The laws of the Indies were equally in force there, and appeals from the Philippines were entertained in the Council of the Indies as from all other colonies.
		The decision of the judge of residencia was reversed by the Council of the Indies, and Vargas' exceptional merits were recognized to the extent of his being appointed to the governorship of Cartagena, with the rank of rear-admiral.
		After the suppression of the Council of the Indies on March 24, 1834, the latter cases were finished in the Supreme Tribunal of Justice, and that tribunal continued to exercise this jurisdiction until the close of the nineteenth century.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /publications/journals/shq/online/v021/n3/article_2.html (9783 words)

	LAWSO 160 Keywords: The Real y Supremo Consejo de las Indias
		The Council was established by decree of the emperor Charles V. The council was composed of 6 to 10 Spanish intellectuals who were held in high standing in their communities, such as lawyers or members of the clergy.
		Thus, the Council enacted an abundance of laws that were eventually codified in 1680 as the "Laws of the Indies"(Williams, pg.118).
		In it’s three centuries of operation, the Council of the Indies along with the Spanish crown were responsible for an extraordinary amount of colonial legislation.
	home.earthlink.net /~garrickl/KEY_22.htm (625 words)

	c. The Church and the Missions. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Pope Alexander VI in the bull Inter caeterea (May 4, 1493) assigned dominion over the Indies and exclusive authority to convert the natives to the Spanish crown.
		The crown exercised the patronage of the Indies (real patronato de Indias) through the Council of the Indies and later through that body and the Cámara de Indias.
		The Spanish Inquisition, operating under the Council of the Inquisition, was introduced and tribunals were established in Mexico City (1569), Lima (1571), and Cartagena (1610).
	www.bartleby.com /67/910.html (560 words)

	[No title]
		Founded in 1524, the Council of the Indies had responsibility for American affairs except for the financial and tax issues handled directly by the Royal Exchequer and the ecclesiastical matters falling within the purview of the Holy Inquisition, each of which operated independently of the Council.
		Appointed by the king with the advice of the Council of the Indies, a governor had high status and pay and reported to the royal court of his jurisdiction.
		With the establishment of viceroyalties, audiencias, and corregimientos, the role of the cabildo, or council, declined.
	www.bradley.edu /academics/las/his/His105/Reading.7 (8476 words)

	University of Nevada, Las Vegas Millionth Volume UNLV Libraries
		A professional man of letters, Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas of Castile was born in 1549, educated in Italy in the traditions of Italian humanism, a secretary of viceroys, historian and translator.
		He was appointed Cronista Mayor de las Indias (Royal Historiographer of the Indies) by King Philip II of Spain in 1596, primarily to write the official history of the Spanish adventure in the New World.
		Heir to the Italian humanist tradition of universal history, Herrera also wrote a history of the world, which, despite its pretentious title, was actually limited to chronicling the events of the reign of Phillip II of Spain.
	library.nevada.edu /millionth/decade2.html (355 words)

	Colombia - Colonial Administration
		The Supreme Council of the Indies (Consejo Supremo de las Indias) centralized the administration of the colonies and had legislative, executive, and judicial functions.
		Appeals from their decisions could be taken to the local governor or to a person functioning as his deputy and finally to the royal court of jurisdiction.
		Under the Supreme Council of the Indies, the viceroys, as the direct representatives of the sovereign, exercised royal authority in all civil and military affairs, in the secular aspects of church affairs, and in the supervision of the administration of justice.
	countrystudies.us /colombia/7.htm (592 words)

	Dominican Republic - THE FIRST COLONY
		The Council of the Indies, created by Charles V in 1524, was the Spanish crown's main agency for directing colonial affairs.
		The arm of the Council of the Indies that dealt with all matters concerning commerce between Spain and its colonies in the Americas was the House of Trade (Casa de Contratación), organized in 1503.
		The Royal Patronage of the Indies (Real Patronato de las Indias, or, as it was called later, the Patronato Real) served as the organizational agent of this affiliation of the church and the Spanish crown.
	countrystudies.us /dominican-republic/3.htm (1912 words)

	Texas Almanac 2006-2007 \| TexasAlmanac.com \| History
		In 1719, the Council of the Indies, the governing body of the colonies, recommended to the Spanish crown that families from the Canary Islands be recruited to populate Texas.
		The council reasoned that a Spanish civilian colony on the Texas coast would firmly establish Spain's claim to the territory and would block the French from westward expansion.
		At the urging of the Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo, governor and captain general of the provinces of Coahuila and Texas, the king finally granted permission in July 1723 for 200 volunteer families to be recruited.
	www.texasalmanac.com /history/highlights/settlement (584 words)

	BRIA(15:4) Internet, censorship, free expression, Law Shi Huangdi, Laws of the Indies, New World, Spain, Native ...
		They caused a massive collection of royal decrees, ordinances, and law codes that together made up the "Laws of the Indies." Although many laws concerning the Indians proved to be humane and even enlightened, the Spaniards in the New World often ignored them in their greedy quest for gold.
		The council wrote laws, acted as a court of appeal in some cases, decided which books about the Indies could be published, approved matters relating to religion, regulated commerce, and directed the administration of colonial governments in America.
		In 1542, due to the constant protests of Las Casas and others, the Council of the Indies wrote and King Charles V enacted the New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians.
	www.crf-usa.org /bria/bria15_4.html (6033 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jeronimo Mendieta
		Here he put himself in communication with Juan de Ovando, the distinguished magistrate of the Council of the Inquisition, who had been nominated visitor of the Council of the Indies and was afterwards its president.
		Mendieta concluded by proposing that a commissary-general of the Indies should be appointed with residence at Seville, who should arrange all the affairs of his order with the Council of the Indies.
		Having undertaken to write the history of the Indies on his return from Spain, he was delayed in executing the work for twenty-five years by the large number of duties which he had to discharge, and, in addition, the consultations and negotiations with which he was charged by the Government.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10185a.htm (1081 words)

	The Spanish Flota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		From Seville, the House of Trade of the Casa de Contratacíon (Council of the Indies) oversaw all operations of the flota (treasure fleet).
		An armed convoy of ships was introduced, and once the galleons became part of the flota, the Council of the Indies reorganized the system once again.
		Pirates continued to attack the treasure ships, so the Council of the Indies added a third convoy to the flota system in 1591, a change which remained in effect until the mid 1600s.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/pirates/103355 (394 words)

	Florida Historical Quarterly
		While the Council of the Indies deliberated, Arthur Middleton, the acting governor of Carolina, complained to London that the Spanish, in addition to "receiving and harboring all our runaway Negroes," had "found out a new way of sending our slaves against us, to Rob and Plunder us;.
		Benavides suggested to the council that the freed slaves be sent north to foment revolt and that payment be made to them for English scalps.
		Council of the Indies to the king, April 12, 1731, AGI 86-5-21/33, Wright, "Dispatches of Spanish Officials," 166-72.
	fulltext10.fcla.edu /cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=fhq;q1=SN00154113;rgn=div1;type=boolean;subtype=bib;list=titles;view=text;cc=fhq;sort=occur;idno=SN00154113_0062_003;node=SN00154113_0062_003:4 (5907 words)

	Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474-1566)
		The son of a small merchant, Las Casas is believed to have gone to Granada as a soldier in 1497 and to have enrolled to study Latin in the academy at the cathedral in Sevilla (Seville).
		Las Casas interrupted work on the book only to send to the Council of the Indies in Madrid three long letters (in 1531, 1534, and 1535), in which he accused persons and institutions of the sin of oppressing the Indian, particularly through the encomienda system.
		During his final years Las Casas came to be the indispensable adviser both to the Council of the Indies and to the king on many of the problems relating to the Indies.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/lascasas.html (1319 words)

	Welcome to PRYO.Net
		In 1837 the abolition of the Council of the Indies shifted Philippine governance into the Council of Ministers and again in 1863 shifted to the Ministry of Colonies.
		Assistance was granted to the Governor General by the Board of Authorities and the Council of Administration as well as other councils, boards and officers.
		The Katipunan established the Supreme Council (national), Provincial Councils, Popular Councils (municipal) and Judicial Councils throughout the Philippines.
	www.pryo.net /History/FIL-Spanish.html (985 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Council of the Indies sponsored continual investigation of these matters and diverse opinions were held by everyone from ecclesiastics to soldiers, colonizers, and royal officials--and of course the regular missionaries of the various orders.
		These opinions caused great concern among members of the Council and curiously, a strong reaction from Franciscans like Friar Jacobo de Testera who, expressing the opinion of many, signed a letter declaring that the devil was responsible for putting such ideas in certain people's heads (including perhaps that of Friar Betanzos).
		The Mexican church asked the Council that tithing be extended to lime, bricks, lumber, cheese, wool, and fruit.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/data/art/HARO-01.ART (3031 words)

	Biographical Dictionary of Councilors of the Indies, 1717-1808. — www.greenwood.com
		Biographical Dictionary of Councilors of the Indies, 1717-1808.
		This study, based on extensive archival research, consists of a collective analysis of the career patterns of 159 men named to the Council for the first time between 1717 and 1808, followed by individual biographical sketches, appendixes, a glossary, and an index.
		Based on the extensive documentation contained in Spanish archives and on various secondary sources, it offers a wealth of historical detail on a period that is important both to Spanish history and to the development of the New World.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/BBC/.aspx (229 words)

	FLORIDA OF THE SPANISH
		Florida was the lawful property of the Spanish Crown and all appointments and decisions belonged to the King, his advisors, and the Council of the Indies in Havana.
		The Council was convinced only that Florida was of strategic military importance, as a front door (with Cuba) to the Gulf of Mexico.
		Few Florida governors were politicians in a giant bureaucracy, but they were required to administer the law of the Council of the Indies and resolve only petty problems without the consent of the outside.
	www.floridahistory.org /floridians/spanish.htm (2191 words)

	VOC
		The VOC Chambers were the executors of the G17's decisions, as was the Company's 'Council of the Indies' in Asia.
		The G17's counterpart in Asia, the 'Council of the Indies' in Batavia (modern day Jakarta) from the 1620's, was officially subordinate to the G17, but in practice more its mirror.
		It was recovered from the wreck of the Batavia, wrecked in 1629 on the Abrolhos Islands.
	gutenberg.net.au /VOC.html (5388 words)

	Notre Dame Archives: ANO 1800/03/25
		One of December 20, 1799 whereby Royal Vice-Patrons, Archbishops and Bishops of the Indies and Philippines are not to charge in the accounts of the church any items spent for the reception of prelates.
		Aparici adds that it was registered in the Northern Department of the General treasury of the Indies on March 3, 1800.
		It is His Majesty's wish that the above decision be circulated to the army and navy of Spain and the Indies.
	archives.nd.edu /mano/18000325.htm (341 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: The New Laws of the Indies, 1542
		The Laws and ordinances newly made by His Majesty for the government of the Indies and good treatment and preservation of the Indians created a set of pro-Indian laws - so pro-Indian that they some had to be revoked in Mexico and in Peru due to settler opposition.
		They are also to provide that they be governed with justice in the way and manner that the Indians who are under our Royal Crown are at present governed in New Spain.
		From The New Laws of the Indies, ed.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1542newlawsindies.html (533 words)

	Columbus Petition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Hence the ancestry of this line is documented by countless patents of nobility in the Council of the Indies.
		The first was made captain-general of the Indies by Their Majesties in return for his many important services, warlike valour, vital capture of a powerful Indian chieftain, and repeated voyages.(14) Don Diego, his brother, was viceroy during the absence of the admiral.
		The town council was composed of the principal members of the nobility descended from the conquistadors.
	www.demercado.com /columbus_petition_for_jamaica.htm (7521 words)

	AHA Information: Lewis Hanke Presidential Address (1974) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A decisive epoch for historiography began about 1570 when the council of the Indies decided that good administration required an archive containing organized information on previous laws and past events, machinery for obtaining current reports, and an official historian.
		The council had a realistic view of the habits of historians, for it decreed that the appointee would not receive the last quarter of his salary until he had turned in some completed text.
		As the conquest proceeded and as the archives of the council of the Indies in Spain began to fill, Spaniards gave more and more attention to Indians and their culture.
	www.historians.org /INFO/AHA_History/lhanke.htm (8129 words)

	The Scientific Research Council of Jamaica - News / Features
		This, in addition to preliminary studies conducted by a team of scientists at The University of the West Indies hinted at the anti-worm activity of some Jamaican plants.
		In order to verify these claims, a collaborative study was launched by The University of the West Indies (Mona Campus) and the Scientific Research Council of Jamaica (provided funding in part) to scientifically screen extracts of twenty-five (25) such plants in vitro.
		The Business Development Office and subsequently, the Office of Sponsored Research, at The University of the West Indies (Mona Campus) were instrumental in preparing and filing the patent application.
	www.src-jamaica.org /newsfeatures/patents.htm (531 words)

	Dramatic changes for West Indies cricket - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Teddy Griffith, president of the West Indies Cricket Board, also revealed that both regional competitions would revert to the six traditional teams and the sport's regional governing body was considering restricted movement of players between teams in the regional limited-overs and first-class competitions.
		Citing several reasons for the decline in West Indies cricket regionally and internationally, Griffith indicated the aim of the changes was to provide the most competitive environment possible outside the Test arena for our players.
		Griffith also disclosed that it was the WICB's intention to seek an amendment at the International Cricket Council for the West Indies' obligations under the Future Tours Programme to accommodate the earlier commencement of the home Tests and limited-overs series in the West Indies.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /sports/html/20040718T010000-0500_62987_OBS_DRAMATIC_CHANGES_FOR_WEST_INDIES_CRICKET.asp (612 words)

	José de Gálvez: Visitor General New Spain, 1765-1772
		In 1764 Gálvez was appointed a member of the council of the Indies.
		After his return to Spain in 1772, Gálvez became the leading spirit of the Council of the Indies, becoming minister general of the Indies in 1775.
		Before his death, King Charles III paid a special tribute to him by speaking of the "understanding, experience and zeal of the present Minister of the Indies, with whom I am extremely satisfied".
	www.militarymuseum.org /Galvez.html (540 words)

	Positions And Description
		The Council of the Indies was created in 1524 and were given almost total control of all affairs dealing with the Indies.
		It was given the Executive, Legislative and Judicial power to govern all of the land of the Indies.
		This was the Municipal Council and was made up of regidores (Councilmen or Aldermen) that were elect to the position by the Spaniard of pure blood.
	www.bruce.ruiz.net /PanamaHistory/political_positions.htm (702 words)

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