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Joscelin II of Edessa

Edessa, Mesopotamia

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	Baldwin II of Edessa - LoveToKnow 1911
		BALDWIN II., count of Edessa (Iioo - I118), king of Jerusalem (1118-1131), originally known as Baldwin de Burg, was a son of Count Hugh of Rethel, and a nephew of Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin I.
		From Edessa Baldwin conducted continual forays against the Mahommedan princes; and in the great foray of 1104, in which he was joined by Bohemund, he was defeated and captured at Balich.
		At the same time, if Matthew of Edessa may be trusted, he also carried his arms against the Armenians, and plundered in his avarice every Armenian of wealth and position.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Baldwin_II_of_Edessa (638 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Joscelin II of Edessa
		Joscelin II of Edessa (died 1159) was the fourth and last ruling count of Edessa.
		Joscelin III of Edessa was the titular count of Edessa from the death of his father, Joscelin II in 1159, to his own death in 1200.
		Joscelin III of Edessa (died 1200) was the titular Count of Edessa 1159–1200.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Joscelin-II-of-Edessa (1246 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Joscelin III of Edessa
		He was the son of Joscelin II of Edessa and his wife Beatrice.
		He inherited the title of "Count of Edessa" from his father, Joscelin II; but Edessa had been captured in 1144 and the remnants of the county (such as the Lordship of Turbessel) conquered or sold years before he took the title.
		He was therefore allied with the inner circle of the royal family in Jerusalem, which was opposed by the lesser nobles led by Raymond III, count of Tripoli.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Joscelin-III-of-Edessa (1482 words)

	TARZI: Edessa in the Era of Patriarch Michael The Syrian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		As of the seventh century and until the beginning of the thirteenth century, Edessa was ruled predominantly by men of alien stock, professing a faith alien to that of most of its inhabitants.
		With the fall of Toros son of Hethum in 1098, and the gradual elimination by Baldwin du Bourg of the Armenian princes of the neighboring principalities, the prominence of the community, whether as a confessional or an ethnic unit, declined.
		A census published in 1908 by Ottoman authorities puts the population of Edessa and surroundings (the County of Edessa consisting of Edessa, Birejik, Qal‘at Rrum and Harran) in the vicinity of 72,000.
	syrcom.cua.edu /Hugoye/Vol3No2/HV3N2Tarzi.html (6140 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> count (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Military counts in the Late Empire and the Germanic successor kingdoms were often appointed by a dux and later by a king.
		From the start the count was in military charge, not of a roving warband, but settled in a locality, a countship, his main rival for power being the bishop, whose diocese was often coterminous.
		In many Germanic and Frankish kingdoms in the early Middle Ages, the count might also be a count palatine, whose authority derived directly from the royal household, the "palace" in its original sense of the seat of power and administration.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/count (1646 words)

	County of Edessa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around a city with an ancient history and an early tradition of Christianity (see Edessa).
		Bohemund's brother Tancred became regent in Edessa (although Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108.
		Edessa was one of the largest of the Crusader states in terms of territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/County_of_Edessa (961 words)

	Warfare in the Crusader States (1104-1127), according to the Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa
		The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa is considered by scholars to be a primary source of major importance for the history of the Near East during the period of the early Crusades.
		The count of Edessa (Baldwin) and Joscelin were taken prisoner and led into captivity, while the two other Frankish chiefs, including all their forces, suffered no harm.
		Then Count Joscelin, because of the deep anger in his heart and because of the calumnious slanders made against him by some, caused much innocent bloodshed among the townspeople, ordering them to be massacred, burned, and tortured; now all this was not pleasing in the eyes of God.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/edessa.htm (7172 words)

	Count (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A count is a nobleman in most European countries, equivalent in rank to a British earl, whose wife is also still a "countess" (for lack of an Anglo-Saxon term).
		Count of Champagne, until united to the crown (in 1316 by marriage, conclusively in 1361)
		Count is one of the nobiliary titles granted by the Pope of Rome as temporal sovereign (of the Papal State), and is thus often known as Roman count.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Count.htm (1556 words)

	Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099-1291)
		Alix of Champagne, Queen of Cyprus and daughter of King Henry I, claimed the regency on the ground of being Isabella of Brienne's nearest relative; and it was conferred upon her and her second husband Ralph, Count of Soissons, the imperial garrison, besieged in Tyre, being forced to capitulate.
		The title of King of Jerusalem continued to be borne in a spirit of rivalry: by the Kings of Cyprus belonging to the House of Lusignan; and by the two Houses of Anjou which claimed to hold their rights from Mary of Antioch.
		In 1459 Charlotte, daughter of John III, King of Cyprus, married Louis of Savoy, Count of Geneva, and in 1485 ceded her rights to Jerusalem to her nephew Charles of Savoy; hence, from that time up to 1870, the title of King of Jerusalem was borne by the princes of the House of Savoy.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/l/latin_kingdom_of_jerusalem.html (3016 words)

	Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle, Cilician Armenian History, Byzantine History, Crusaders, Kilij-Arslan, Baudoin, Tancred, ...
		The count of Edessa and Joscelin became inflated with pride and got ahead of Bohemond so that they themselves would be the first to fight and enjoy the glory of triumph.
		When he reached the Frankish land, the wife of a [deceased] influential count who was lord of a land [tried to] force Bohemond to marry her, [and rule] the land [g124] and cavalry.
		When Baudoin, lord of Edessa, learned about this he was ashamed of the unjust deed he had done, and ordered that all [the deportees] be returned to their homes.
	rbedrosian.com /css9.htm (4053 words)

	Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle, Cilician Armenian History, Byzantine History, Crusaders, Bohemond, Saljuqs
		Baudoin and the count escaped by a hairsbreadth and fled to Edessa.
		An oath was sworn by the count in the church of the Blessed Apostles, and by the holy Cross of Varag.
		The count of Edessa returned to Edessa and gave the city to the other Baudoin, who was styled Baudoin of Le Bourg (Te"po'rg), who had previously been a vassal of Bohemond.
	rbedrosian.com /css8.htm (3935 words)

	edessa
		On the Euphrates, the population was comprised of the Armenian faction (Separated Church) of the Eastern Church.
		Count Baldwin l ruled in Edessa till he was asked to be King in Jerusalem on the death of his brother Godfrey in 1100.
		Baldwin ll took control of Edessa and made Geoffrey the Monk, commander of the Garrison, protector of the city till the fate of Joscelin could be determined.
	www.medievalcrusades.com /edessa.htm (909 words)

	Crusaders, Greeks, and Muslims by Sanderson Beck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Edessa count Baldwin of Le Bourg married an Armenian princess and got 30,000 bezants from her father by threatening to shave off his beard, an important symbol of masculinity to Armenians.
		Tancred was reconciled with Baldwin II of Edessa, and the Toulouse inheritance was divided as Bertram pledged fealty to King Baldwin.
		In 1122 Edessa count Joscelin and sixty men were captured by Belek, one of the successors to the realms of the dying Il Ghazi.
	www.san.beck.org /AB18-Crusaders.html (21728 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: William of Tyre: Fall of Edessa
		The count of Edessa, Joscelyn II, was at odds with the prince of Antioch.
		The count of Tripoli was only vaguely interested in events so far to the east, and in Jerusalem, King Fulk bad just died, leaving the government in the hands of Queen Melisende as regent for their thirteen year old son, Baldwin III.
		It was announced, meanwhile, and the news was also spread by rumor, that the city of Edessa, a city faithful to God, was suffering the agonies of a siege at the hands of the enemy of the faith and the foe of the Christian name.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/tyre-edessa.html (1548 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		The Prince of Antioch was dead, the lords of Jerusalem and Edessa were in Turkish prisons, and the greater part of the Frankish strength was assembled before the great walls of Tyre.
		The ruler of Mosul and Aleppo always had to be concerned with all four fronts (at least): Baghdad to the east, the Turks and Armenia in the north, Edessa and Antioch to the west, and Damascus and minor emirs in the south.
		Count Raymond was killed on the battlefield, along with many of the Tripolitans, while King Fulk managed to escape with most of his army into Montferrand.
	the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/jerusalem.html (16162 words)

	The Wombat File Is Yours to Keep: The Friday Quiz: Edessa Great Country, or What?
		When his brother died, he ceded Edessa to a cousin and took over the neighboring territory his brother ruled, styling himself as the king, although his brother had not used that title.
		Edessa's rule passed to the family of Joscelin of Courtenay, although Joscelin's son eventually lost control of the County, and it ceased to exist as such.
		The most prominent of the Crusader States was the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and after a stint as Count in the relative hinterlands of Edessa, Baldwin became the K. of J. when his brother Godfrey died.
	www.wombatfile.com /2007/05/the_friday_quiz_edessa_great_c.html (719 words)

	Mossul
		His successors fought against the Franks of the First Crusade, and Kerboga was conquered 28 June, 1098, with an army of 200,000 men, under the walls of Antioch.
		Five years later (1103) Baldwin, Count of Edessa, was defeated and led prisoner to Mossul.
		In December, 1144, the famous Zenki took possession of Edessa; his son Nour ed-Din continued his conquests, and built many fine edifices at Mossul.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/mossul.html (1191 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: William of Tyre: Deeds Done Beyond the Sea
		They were the Lord Baldwin, Count of Edessa, who succeeded Godfrey in the kingdom; and the Lord Eustace, Count of Boulogne, who was his father's namesake, successor to his father as Count and inheritor of the paternal estate…The third was Lord William, a famous man, no less virtuous and energetic than his father and brothers.
		The sixth of the Latin kings of Jerusalem was the lord Baldwin IV, son of the lord King Amalric of illustrious memory and of the Countess Agnes, daughter of the younger Count Jocelin of Edessa.
		The latter group asserted publicly that the aforesaid Count was not equal to the burden of administration and that be was not qualified to conduct the affairs of the Kingdom.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/tyre-cde.html (16596 words)

	WebRoots Library U.S. Miscellaneous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Count Bernhard, one of the bravest leaders of the German expedition, was surrounded, with his whole division, not one of whom escaped the Turkish arrows.
		The Count of Flanders, the Count of Bar, the Duke of Burgundy, and the Marquis of Montferrat, brought all their vassals to swell the train, and in a very short space of time an effective army was on foot and ready to march to Palestine.
		The Count d'Artois was among the foremost of the slain, and when Louis arrived to the rescue, the brave advance-guard was nearly cut to pieces.
	www.webroots.org /library/usamisc/mepd0009.html (19718 words)

	Digression of the Family of Courtenay
		In his absence, Zenghi, the first of the Atabeks, besieged and stormed his capital, Edessa, which was feebly defended by a timorous and disloyal crowd of Orientals: the Franks were oppressed in a bold attempt for its recovery, and Courtenay ended his days in the prison of Aleppo.
		The countess-dowager of Edessa retired to Jerusalem with her two children; the daughter, Agnes, became the wife and mother of a king; the son, Joscelin the Third, accepted the office of seneschal, the first of the kingdom, and held his new estates in Palestine by the service of fifty knights.
		Yet we are assured that the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet was Robert the Strong count of Anjou, (A.D. 863--873,) a noble Frank of Neustria, Neustricus.
	home.rochester.rr.com /thatchertree/decline.htm (2948 words)

	TOULOUSE
		The counts of Edessa were suzerains of the lords of Marash and Kaisun, two short-lived lordships which were overrun by the Turks in 1149.
		[35]. He is referred to as "consanguineus" of Count Baudouin when they were both captured in 1104[36]. He arrived in Palestine, probably with the contingent led by Guillaume II Comte de Nevers. On his arrival, Baudouin II Count of Edessa enfeoffed him with land west of the Euphrates, with his capital at Turbessel
		[40]. He succeeded in 1118 as JOSCELIN I Count of Edessa, chosen by Baudouin II shortly after he became king of Jerusalem. He was captured by Balak near Saruj Sep 1122 and imprisoned in the fortress of Khartpert. The Frankish prisoners seized control of the fortress Aug 1123, and he escaped to call for support
	fmg.ac /Projects/MedLands/EDESSA.htm (1317 words)

	THE CRUSADES TO THE HOLY LAND
		The choice was an excellent one, as Adhemar of Puy proved to be fair-minded, calm, and diplomatic in his attempt to coordinate the major armies that crossed Europe in different routes and assembled in Constantinople by May of 1097.
		Raymond of St. Gilles, Count of Toulouse, was the first who "took up the cross." He made a vow to God, and pledged his service to the Pope and his loyalty to Bishop Adhemar of Puy; the Bishop travelled with Raymond for the entire Crusade.
		Count Baldwin of Flanders took the throne on May 16, 1204, commencing the Latin Empire of Constantinople.
	jesuschristsavior.net /Crusades.html (5695 words)

	Armenians and Crusaders - HyeForum
		Some Armenians convinced one army of the Crusaders, that under Count Baldwin of Flanders, to come to their city of Edessa,3 and free them from the domination of the Seljuks, hence this army didn't go through the Cicilian Gates as did the others, but by another pass to Edessa.
		Phillip the son of Raymond count of Tripoly marries Isabelle in 1222.
		At Edessa Baldwin was adopted as the son of Thoros.
	www.hyeforum.com /index.php?showtopic=4653 (12838 words)

	DECLINE & FALL
		But Calo-John was astonished to find, that the Count of Flanders had assumed the pomp and pride of the successors of Constantine; and his ambassadors were dismissed with a haughty message, that the rebel must deserve a pardon, by touching with his forehead the footstool of the Imperial throne.
		His resentment (24) would have exhaled in acts of violence and blood: his cooler policy watched the rising discontent of the Greeks; affected a tender concern for their sufferings; and promised, that their first struggles for freedom should be supported by his person and kingdom.
		The count was slain on the field; the emperor was made prisoner; and if the one disdained to fly, if the other refused to yield, their personal bravery made a poor atonement for their ignorance, or neglect, of the duties of a general.
	matrix.csustan.edu /XLib/History/Decline/volume2/chap61.htm (11069 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mossul
		His successors fought against the Franks of the First Crusade, and Kerboga was conquered 28 June, 1098, with an army of 200,000 men, under the walls of
		Baldwin, Count of Edessa, was defeated and led prisoner to
		In December, 1144, the famous Zenki took possession of Edessa; his son Nour ed-Din continued his conquests, and built many fine edifices at
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10598b.htm (1009 words)

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