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	Provence - LoveToKnow 1911
		PROVENCE (Provincia, Proenza), a province in the south-east of ancient France, bounded on the N. by the Dauphine, on the E. by the Rhone and Languedoc, on the W. by the Alps and Italy, and on the S. by the Mediterranean.
		At this period the name of Provence was restricted to the southern cities, which had passed from the Gothic to the Frankish rule; it did not regain its original signification and denote the country extending as far as Lyonnais till the end of the 8th and the beginning of the 9th centuries.
		Austrasian counts were given authority in the cities, and under Charlemagne and Louis the Pious the history of Provence became incorporated with that of the rest of the empire.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Provence (3739 words)

	Provence (Traditional province, France)
		Provence is considered today as made of the departments of Var, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, Vaucluse, Alpes-Maritimes, and the southern part of the department of Drôme (Drôme provençale).
		Provence is limited by the Italian border (east), the traditional province of Dauphiné (north, the limit being more or less the limit between the Southern and the Northern Alps), the river Rhôone (west) and the Mediterranean Sea (south).
		In 843, Provence was allocated to Lothaire by the treaty of Verdun.
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/fr-prove.html (1902 words)

	Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ramon Berenguer III the Great was the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Osona from 1082 (jointly with Berenguer Ramon II and solely from 1097), Besalú from 1111, Cerdanya from 1117, and Provence, in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1112, all until his death in Barcelona in 1131
		He inherited the counties of Besalú (1111) and Cerdanya (1117) and in between married Douce, heiress of Provence (1112).
		In alliance with the Count of Urgell, Ramon Berenguer conquered Barbastro and Balaguer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_III,_Count_of_Barcelona (364 words)

	Nice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the course of the 13th and 14th centuries it fell more than once into the hands of the Counts of Provence; and at length in 1388 the commune placed itself under the protection of the Counts of Savoy.
		During the struggle between Francis I and Charles V great damage was caused by the passage of the armies invading Provence; pestilence and famine raged in the city for several years.
		He was then convicted of several counts of corruption and associated crimes and sentenced to prison.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nice (1299 words)

	Provence's armorial bearings
		Then, in 1125, Provence was shared among the count of Barcelona, (county of Provence, in the South of Durance) and the count of Saint-Gille-Toulouse, (marquisate of Provence, in the North of Durance, until Valencia at least):
		From 1125 till 1246, the counts of Barcelona were counts of Provence (in the South of Durance).
		Provence recovered from this second house of Anjou until her transfer by the " Good King " René to his nephew, Charles du Maine, in 1480.
	www.latil.org /eng/eng_textprov.htm (289 words)

	Nice
		As an ally of Pisa it was the enemy of Genoa, and both the king of France and the emperor endeavoured to subjugate it; but in spite of all it maintained its municipal liberties.
		In the course of the 13th and 14th centuries it fell more than once into the hands of the counts of Provence; and at length in 1388 it placed itself under the protection of the counts of Savoy.
		The maritime strength of Nice now rapidly increased till it was able to cope with the Barbary pirates; the fortifications were largely extended and the roads to the city improved.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ni/Nice.html (643 words)

	Provence (Traditional province, France)
		When the city of Nice rose up, the count of Provence came from Aragon to besiege the city, and was killed by a crossbow bolt.
		There is no evidence they were ever used either as the flag of the County of Provence or as the flag of the province of Provence within the Kingdom of France.
		From the early XIIth century to the middle of the XIIIth century, Provence is said to have used the arms of Aragon (D'or à quatre pals de gueules - Or four pales gules).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-prove.html (1959 words)

	For Sale: Houses in the South of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The French region called "Provence" is somewhat ill defined from the very large Roman province "provincia gallia narbonensis", which reached from the lake of Geneva in the North to Narbonne and the Spanish border in the South.
		Provence is a patchwork of many different influences, starting with the Phoceans who founded Marseille and imported Greek civilization to this part of the Mediterranean as long ago as 600 B.C. Aix was founded in 122 B.C. by the Romans, whose civilization had a much greater impact on the entire region.
		Provence then underwent many invasions at the hand of the Visigoths, Saxons, Moors etc., until the Holy Roman Empire annexed the region in the 10th century, allowing, however, the Counts of Provence to retain their independence.
	www.france-provence-prestige-luxury-homes.com (883 words)

	Information about Aix En Provence France - France Hotel Res.Com
		Aix en Provence is located in the South of FRANCE, in the well-known Provence Mediterrannee, in the Bouches du Rhône (13), at the crossroads of East-west (Spain, Italy) and North-South main trades routes.
		From 1182, the Counts of Provence of the "Maison de Barcelone" chose Aix as capital and built their countal palace around the fortified door which stood in the olden days at the south-east of the Roman town.
		This is where one of the last sovereign counts of the House of Barcelone, Alphonse II and Raymond-Bérenger V chose as their burial place.
	www.francehotelres.com /aix_en_provence/about.html (1507 words)

	FRANCIA
		One of the most infamous episodes of the Middle Ages, the Crusade was largely against and at the expense of the Count of Toulouse.
		In 1349 Count Humbert II (d.1355), the "Dauphin," simply sold the territory to the grandson of Philip VI, the prince who would later become Charles V. Thus, Charles became the first "Dauphin" of France, and as he was the Crown Prince from 1350-1364, this now became the traditional title of the Heir Apparent of France.
		Provence was not a fief of France but, like the Dauphiné, of the Kingdom of Burgundy; but René's grandfather, Duke Louis I, had it gotten from Joanna I of Anjou.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (14221 words)

	Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur: A Brief History - France.com
		In the 10th century, the Counts of Provence emerged as rulers and introduced a period of prosperity that translated into a wealth of medieval architecture (cathedrals of Marseille and Arles).
		After various changes of powers, Provence became part of France in 1481, but the Nice area formed an alliance with the House of Savoy and remained “savoyard” until 1860, when it was brought under the French flag during the French Second Empire.
		During the French Revolution Provence, like the rest of the country, experienced local riots and massacres, and a state of lawlessness prevailed in certain Provence cities.
	www.france.com /docs/89.html (309 words)

	Aix en Provence - History
		The city did experience a renaissance when the Counts of Provence made it their capital in 1182.
		Despite the turmoil of the Hundred Years War, and the death toll of the Plague, the city reached its first real peak under the reign of Rene, last Count of Provence, who remains known in popular history as "Good King Rene".
		Seat of Provencal aristocracy and bourgeoisie in the 17th and 18th centuries, the city decked itself out in fontains, religious buildings, public halls and elegant private mansions, testifying to a particularly refined way of life.
	www.avignon-et-provence.com /pays/13-aix/aix/gb/histoire.htm (376 words)

	Francia Media: Lorraine & Burgundy
		The first Count of Savoy, Humbert White Hands, is sometimes said to be the grandson of Charles Constantine, Count of Vienne, who is said to be the son of the Emperor and King of Lower Burgundy Louis III, who is sometimes said to have married the daughter Anna of the Emperor Leo VI of Romania.
		It is suitable that Barcelona and Provence should be considered together because Raymond Berengar III of Barcelona married the heiress of Provence, Dulcia I (or Dulce, Dolca, or Doucxe), and Provence is subsequently in the hands of his descendants, until a later heiress, Beatrice, marries Charles of Anjou.
		The Counts of Provence (or Arles) seem to begin with a tangle of marriages between the Kings of Burgundy, the Counts of Arles, and the Dukes of Burgundy.
	www.friesian.com /lorraine.htm (11814 words)

	The Jewish Community of Marseilles, France
		The legal status of the Jews worsened after 1262, when at the aftermath of an unsuccessful rebellion of the city of Marseilles against the Count of Provence, the Jews of Marseilles became the property of the count and henceforth were compelled to pay their taxes to the Counts of Provence.
		In exchange, the count extended his protection over the Jews: in 1276 he restricted the extortion of money from Jews by the Holy Office under the pretext that they were wearing smaller Jewish badges than those prescribed by the Church after the Lateran Council of 1215.
		This attitude ensured a relative protection from the counts of Provence who occasionally renewed or confirmed the privileges granted to the Jewish community like those of 1387 by Queen Marie, and of 1389, by her son Louis II.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Archive/Marseilles.asp (3672 words)

	The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718-1050
		With the assistance of the counts of the High Alps and the viscounts of Marseille and Fos, he drove the Moslems from Fraxinetum and reorganized disorderly regions east of the Rhone to create, almost single-handedly, a large, well-organized duchy, marquisate, or county of Provence.
		In Provence in the course of two generations the patrimony of Marquis William I in like manner was divided among his heirs and his relatives, who were descended from Marquis Roubaud, his brother, and the counts of Toulouse.
		It is when we examine the relationship which existed between the counts of Provence and their powerful subordinates, the viscounts of Marseille, however, that we can see this change from comital fief and fisc to allodial ownership most clearly illustrated.
	libro.uca.edu /lewis/sfc17.htm (9147 words)

	Arms of French Cities: by département
		The swan is reminiscent of Godefroy de Bouillon, count of Boulogne; while the three torteaux are the arms of the counts of Boulogne.
		The crosses Lorraine recall the capture of the town from the English by the duc de Guise in 1558, the crescent and fleur-de-lys recall Henri II in whose reign it occurred.
		The first quarter recalls the Valois counts of Provence, the fourth the arms of Aragon which appear on a seal of the city of 1222.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/frcitdep.htm (12386 words)

	Brignoles - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is built at a height of 754 ft. above the sea-level, in a fertile valley, and on the right bank of the Carami river.
		Its old name was Villa Puerorum, as the children of the counts of Provence were often brought up here.
		Twelve miles to the N.W. is St Maximin (with a fine medieval church), which is one of the best starting-points for the most famous pilgrimage resort in Provence, the SainteBaume, wherein St Mary Magdalene is said to have taken refuge.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Brignoles (172 words)

	Provence - villa - rentals - Services - holiday in the south of France
		It is the extraordinary beauty of a land spread like a quilt beneath a clear blue sky, a world of the senses and the heart.
		Provence is rich in mediaeval and renaissance country houses.
		Provence has a number of specialties which Provence on line proposes to offer you.
	www.provence-villa-rentals.com /service.html (679 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Abbey of Lerins
		The presence of the Saracens in Provence made the monastic life impossible or precarious for two centuries.
		The abbey was restored in the eleventh century, and a new era of prosperity began.
		The monks were obliged during the Middle Ages to take an active part in defending the coasts against incursions of the Moors of Algeria.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09188b.htm (701 words)

	Provence France - French Guide - IndigoGuide Provence
		Provence is a very alluring place: from the snowy Alpine peaks, to the flamingos of the Carmargue, there are fortified towns, culture, history, sunshine, wine and food bursting at you from every direction, enticing you back year after year.
		Inland, Provence has managed to escape the ravages of time and its history speaks for itself through the villages perched on hilltops, ready to defend themselves against invading Greeks, Romans or Sarracens, popes and princes alike.
		There are great towns in Provence, including the Roman cities of the Rhône valley: Arles with its connections to Van Gogh; Orange with its Roman theatre and the counts of Orange (remember William and Mary from 1688?); and Carpentras, which has Celtic origins going back to 5BC.
	www.indigoguide.com /france/provence.htm (502 words)

	Architecture in Aix-en-Provence
		From the primitive stone igloo shaped shelters, bories, of the Vaucluse to Le Corbusier’s “machine for living” in Marseille and the “barres” that circle the city to the north of Aix, a succession of styles, of intention and accident, tell the story of Provence’s encounter, sometimes clash, between man and nature.
		Superhighways split elegant domains in two, the T.G.V. railroads its path through vineyard and meadow, and the rubble of venerable ramparts lies beneath low-cost, high-rise apartments, alien both to the countryside that surrounds them and the towns within.
		Less ostentatious though perhaps more evocative are stretches of Roman road that remain with, here and there lost in the countryside, the empty shell of Roman temples whose stones have served and served again to build the walls of neighbouring houses, farms, and châteaux.
	www.provencelive.com /aix/archi1.html (528 words)

	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (Région, France) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It combines the traditional gold and red vertical stripes of Provence, the dolphin of Dauphiné and the eagle of the County of Nice.
		This party, which is very strong in that region (and administers there 4 cities - Toulon, Orange, Marignane, Vitrolles) tries to annexate the Provencal regional identity and uses the blue flag (with fleur-de-lys and red label) of the Anjou family of the counts of Provence.
		The choice of the yellow and red flag (of the Catalan dynasty of the counts of Provence) by the present Regional Council has been criticised by Minute, a right-wing extremist weekly.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-r-pa.html (230 words)

	Jean Valestrel - Cotes de Provence - Cuvee Prestige
		The Romans, initiated in the art and pleasure of winemaking, passed down the tradition to monks and finally the Counts of Provence, who made this winemaking region famous.
		Today, the 19,000 hectares of l'AOC Côtes de Provence stretch from Aix en Provence to Nice in several areas that all have their own personality.
		Mainly produced with short maceration times, the Provence rosé are pastel pink, and their aromatic taste expresses the finesse and elegance of the Provencal landscape.
	www.jean-valestrel.com /uk/jv_vignoble.html (216 words)

	Hostellerie de Crillon le Brave : : history
		Crillon le Brave is located in an area of Provence historically known as le Comtat Venaissin, which for over 500 years, from 1218 until 1791, was a papal enclave.
		At one time the territory of the Gallic people known as the Cavares, the Comtat subsequently belonged to the counts of Provence and then to the counts of Toulouse.
		Ceded to the pope in 1218 by Raymond VII, count of Toulouse, and again in 1274 by Philip the Bold, it remained a papal enclave until 1791, when the residents voted by plebiscite to join France.
	www.crillonlebrave.com /english/history/comtat.html (240 words)

	<B>Papal France - 16th Century<br></center><br> </center>
		Comtat-Venaissin is a picturesque territory, varying in scenery between the foothills of the Alps and large plains, which are irrigated by canals supplied by the Rhône, Durance, and Sorgue rivers.
		The Comtat-Venaissin (Comitatus Venassinus), the territory of the Gallic people known as the Cavares, subsequently belonged to the counts of Provence and then to the counts of Toulouse.
		Ceded to the pope in 1218 by Raymond VII, count of Toulouse, and again in 1274 by Philip the Bold, it was not united to France until 1791, during the French Revolution.
	exclave.info /former/papalstates/papalfrance/papalfrance.html (202 words)

	Provence-Alps-Cote d'Azur Town Info
		As the medieval capital of Provence, governed by the counts and dukes of Anjou, Aix flowered as a center of learning and the arts.
		It became a holding of the Counts of Provence during the 10th century.
		The Old Town is located at the base of a granite hill known as Le Château, where the Counts of Provence built a castle that was destroyed by Louis XIV in 1706.
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /French_Regions/Provence-Alpes/provence-alps-cote_d_azur_town_info.htm (3598 words)

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