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Topic: Counter mode

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	What is CCMP (Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol)?
		CCMP (Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol) is the preferred encryption protocol in the 802.11i standard.
		CCMP is based upon the CCM mode of the AES encryption algorithm.
		The Counter Mode (CM) component of CCMP is the algorithm providing data privacy.
	www.tech-faq.com /ccmp-cipher-block-chaining-message-authentication-code-protocol.shtml (185 words)

	Self calibrating crystal controlled frequency counter method and apparatus - Patent 4215308
		With the counter in a selected range of temperatures, which include the range of temperatures in which the counter is to be used to measure unknown frequencies, the calibration mode is initiated.
		In both the calibration mode and the measurement mode, the internal oscillator generates two independent frequency signals with one of these signals having a frequency value that is single-valued with respect to the operating temperature of the counter.
		In the measurement mode, the previously determined and stored correction factor for the then operating factor is recalled and algebraically applied to the measured value of the unknown frequency signal to correct that measured value for temperature induced errors in its original measurement.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4215308.html (3890 words)

	Using Timers in the MAXQ Family of Microcontrollers - Maxim/Dallas
		In this mode, the counter is sourced internally by either the system clock or an alternate clock (typically the 32,768 Hz RTC clock), either of which may be optionally prescaled by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128.
		In this mode, the counter is sourced internally but is used to count or time the duration of an input signal on the primary timer pin.
		In counter mode, a value of 00 in the CCF bits is not used since the counter would have nothing to count.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/3205 (3711 words)

	Decorrelated Accumulating Counter Mode
		As ciphertext stealing is defined for this mode, the length indication will consist of a 121-bit number of whole blocks in the message, followed by a seven-bit number from 0 to 127 of the number of bits in the final partial block; this number will be 0 if no partial block is present.
		Note also that, in order to permit the initial counter values to be recovered prior to attempting to recover the stolen ciphertext, the message length illustrated in the diagram, three full blocks plus one partial block, is the minimum permissible length for a message containing a partial block.
		Because a secure counter mode cipher is applied both before and after the multiplication, different messages with the same initial value for this weak counter (and, therefore, different starting values for the other counter) are not detectable.
	www.quadibloc.com /crypto/co040605.htm (2376 words)

	[No title]
		Counter Block Format Each packet conveys the IV that is necessary to construct the sequence of counter blocks used to generate the key stream necessary to decrypt the payload.
		Counter Block Format The components of the counter block are as follows: Nonce The Nonce field is 32 bits.
		The block counter begins with the value of one, and it is incremented to generate subsequent portions of the key stream.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc3686.txt (4022 words)

	irtf-cfrg-icm-00.txt
		Introduction Counter Mode is a way to define a pseudorandom keystream generator using a block cipher [CTR].
		A counter is a value containing BLOCK_LENGTH octets which is McGrew [Page 2] Internet Draft Integer Counter Mode October, 2002 incremented using an increment function based on integer addition, to produce a sequence of distinct values which are used as inputs to the block cipher.
		The Offset is no larger than a CBC mode IV, and ICM enables the use of an explicit IV (as is commonly used with CBC [MD98]) to be avoided.
	ietfreport.isoc.org /idref/draft-irtf-cfrg-icm (1780 words)

	Shift register functioning in both latch mode and counter mode and flash memory employing same - Patent 5926520
		A latch mode clock signal is provided as the aforementioned clock signal when the mode switching signal is at the first level, and a counter mode clock signal or front stage shift register latch output signal is provided as the aforementioned clock signal when the mode switching signal is at the second level.
		During counter operation (when the switching signals command are L level), the shift registers SF1, SF2, and SF3 are connected in series, the output of the previous stage of the shift register serving as a next stage clock NCLK to the next stage shift register via the switches S20 and S21.
		The command is decoded in the flash memory, the operating mode is selected, and the internal logic circuits, particularly the shift register circuit, are switched to latch mode or counter mode in accordance with the selected operating mode.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5926520.html (3067 words)

	Security Forums :: View topic - Which operation mode for container encryption?
		Counter mode, just as OFB, is a mode of stream ciphering, modeled in the likes of the simple Vernam cipher, where plaintext is simply XOR'd with a stream of key material.
		For the best insightful comments on deriving a counter, again, I will recommend that you peruse the standardized documentation for the recommended block cipher modes of operation, entitled NIST SP 800-38A, as well as the initial suggestions, by seasoned cryptographers Lipmaa, Rogaway, and Wagner, which led to this standardization of CTR mode.
		My method for going about counter derivation is one of the recommend methods, but they also list several others to choose from, that are decent in their own respect and appropriate for certain situations.
	www.security-forums.com /viewtopic.php?t=16166 (1556 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The [propagating cipher-block chaining] mode was designed to cause small changes in the ciphertext to propagate indefinitely when decrypting, as well as when encrypting.
		CFB shares two advantages over CBC mode with the stream cipher modes OFB and CTR: the block cipher is only ever used in the encrypting direction, and the message does not need to be padded to a multiple of the cipher block size.
		The counter can be any simple function which produces a sequence which is guaranteed not to repeat for a long time, although an actual counter is the simplest and most popular.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Block_cipher_modes_of_operation (1759 words)

	Is Integrity-Aware Encryption Difficult?
		The first counter, XORed with the ciphertext of the previous block, is used to switch bits between the next two counters, to create two values, one used to select bits from either counter 4 or counter 5, the other used as a value to XOR with those selected bits.
		The mode, as illustrated, involves two blocks of initialization vector, since blocks i-2 and i-1 are used in the encryption of block i.
		The complexity of integrity-aware encryption modes, therefore, is really caused by not being able, at least when one is using a hardware implementation of a block cipher, to apply a counter value to the block being encrypted after, say, half the rounds have been performed.
	www.quadibloc.com /crypto/co040604.htm (6799 words)

	CSS / Hardware Reference : Ortec 974/994/995/997 NIM Timers and Counters
		An additional counter, such as the 995 or 997 is normally used to accumulate detector counts and is gated by the 994.
		In the blind timer mode, the 994 has the monitor counts connected to IN A and detector counts connected to IN B. The internal jumpers W3 and W4 must both be set to the COUNTS position.
		If mode is zero, the module will be set to remote mode at the start of the next count interval, and will not be set back to local mode after counting.
	www.certif.com /hardware/ortec_counter.html (874 words)

	NSA's Dual Counter Mode Broken and Withdrawn
		We show that both variants of the Dual Counter Mode of encryption (DCM) submitted for consideration as an AES mode of operation to NIST by M. Boyle and C. Salter of the NSA are insecure with respect to both secrecy and integrity in the face of chosen-plaintext attacks.
		NSA believes that a license-free high-speed integrity-preserving mode of operation is needed for the Advanced Encryption Standard, and was pleased to submit the "Dual Counter Mode" (DCM) as a participant in the series of AES Modes Workshops sponsored by NIST.
		We withdraw the Dual Counter Mode for consideration as a mode of operation for AES at this time, while we consider the observations and their ramifications.
	cryptome.sabotage.org /nsa-dcm.htm (921 words)

	AES Counter Mode Cipher Suites for TLS and DTLS
		Counter mode ciphers behave like stream ciphers, but are constructed based on a block cipher primitive (that is, counter mode operation of a block cipher results in a stream cipher.) This specification is limited to discussion of the operation of AES in counter mode (AES-CTR.)
		The primary constraint on the use of counter mode ciphers is that for a given key, a counter block value MUST never be used more than once (see Section 7.
		Note that the block counter does not overflow since the maximum TLS/DTLS record size is 14 KB and 16 bits of blk_ctr allow the generation of 1MB of keying material per record.
	www.dial911anddie.com /dtls/tlsctr.html (1695 words)

	Counter-Strike (Xbox) Reviews. Xbox Games Reviews by CNET. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The buy mode in the Xbox version of Counter-Strike is handled using a convenient radial menu, which gives you near-instant access to the game's variety of real-world equipment, including pistols, submachine guns, assault rifles, grenades, and other weapons.
		The single-player mode is identical to the online mode, only it's got computer-controlled bots that take the place of live players.
		The Xbox version of CS retains the same "ghost" mode found on the PC version, allowing you, once killed, to watch the remaining players from a third-person perspective--or from their own first-person perspective (though, unlike in the PC version, there's no option to just fly around the map, detached from any of the players).
	reviews.cnet.com /Counter_Strike_Xbox/4505-9582_7-30984188.html (2583 words)

	MC-4A Four Channel Multi-Mode Counter
		The MC-4A Multi-Mode Counter Board plugs into an 8 bit expansion slot of an IBM-PCXT, 286 or higher, giving the user the ability to count DC to 8 MHz signals in either up/down, binary, binary coded decimal, 24 hour clock, divide-by-N, X1 or X2 or X4 quadrature and single cycle modes.
		The counters are interfaced to the IBM PC bus via address decoding and data interface circuitry.
		The MC-4A Multi-Mode Counter Board is supplied with a comprehensive set of demonstration programs to assist the user in understanding the many functions of the LS7166 Counter Chip.
	www.miranova.com /Product/MC4A.html (396 words)

	[saag] RE: AES Counter Mode
		I included counter mode as the default cipher > for secure > rtp, and the icm draft conforms to that definition.
		> > At present, the consensus on counter mode (among my srtp > coauthors and other > that commented on that draft) are that the 128-bit addition that > is required > on a per-segment basis by icm is unnecessary and is costlier than > we'd like.
		This means that the 'next counter' function is > still 'plus > one mod 2^128', but it changes the definition of how the initial value of > the counter is established.
	bs.mit.edu /pipermail/saag/2002q1/000510.html (686 words)

	Final approval of Counter Mode with CBC-MAC/802.11i by NIST - O'Reilly Emerging Telephony
		Final approval of Counter Mode with CBC-MAC/802.11i by NIST
		Back in October, I reported on the release of a draft that would approve the use of the Counter Mode with CBC-MAC (CCM) encryption mode.
		Earlier this month, NIST released a final version of the publication, which means that CCM is now blessed as an approved encryption mode and 802.11i-based systems can be certified under the FIPS standards.
	www.oreillynet.com /etel/blog/2004/05/final_approval_of_counter_mode.html (332 words)

	RFC 3686 - Using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Counter Mode With IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Housley Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 3686 Using AES Counter Mode With IPsec ESP January 2004 encryptor can generate the IV in any manner that ensures uniqueness.
		For this reason, it is inappropriate to use this mode of operation Housley Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 3686 Using AES Counter Mode With IPsec ESP January 2004 with static keys.
		As normally employed, CBC requires Housley Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 3686 Using AES Counter Mode With IPsec ESP January 2004 a full block for the IV and, on average, half of a block for padding.
	www.packetizer.com /rfc/rfc.cgi?num=3686 (4074 words)

	-<Counter-Strike: Condition Zero Preview>-
		The single-player mode will feature story based missions, but you will also be able to play the different maps in a single-player multiplayer game.
		Endurance: In this mode, it will be you and you alone against 8 enemies and you will have to survive for 5 minutes.
		The modes are no all playable at the beginnig, first you will have to beat the narrative mode to unloke the endurance mode, and after beating that you'll get the challenge mode.
	www.angelfire.com /linux/frontline/csczpreview.htm (5814 words)

	Galois/Counter Mode - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		GCM mode (Galois/Counter Mode) is a mode of operation for symmetric key cryptographic block ciphers.
		As the name suggests, GCM mode combines the well-known counter mode of encryption with the new Galois mode of authentication.
		GCM mode was designed by John Viega and David A. McGrew as an improvement to Carter-Wegman Counter CWC mode.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galois/Counter_Mode (302 words)

	[saag] RE: AES Counter Mode
		I included counter mode as the default cipher > > for secure > > rtp, and the icm draft conforms to that definition.
		> > > > At present, the consensus on counter mode (among my srtp > > coauthors and other > > that commented on that draft) are that the 128-bit addition that > > is required > > on a per-segment basis by icm is unnecessary and is costlier than > > we'd like.
		This means that the 'next counter' function is > > still 'plus > > one mod 2^128', but it changes the definition of how the > initial value of > > the counter is established.
	bs.mit.edu /pipermail/saag/2002q1/000542.html (838 words)

	Roxen Community: RFC 3686 Using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Counter Mode With IPsec Encapsulating Security ...
		For this reason, it is inappropriate to use this mode of operation with static keys.
		Each PT block is XORed with a block of the key stream to generate the ciphertext, CT. The AES encryption of each counter block results in 128 bits of key stream.
		Each packet conveys the IV that is necessary to construct the sequence of counter blocks used to generate the key stream necessary to decrypt the payload.
	community.roxen.com /developers/idocs/rfc/rfc3686.html (3963 words)

	Lab O1: Radioactivity and Counting Statistics
		In the 100 mode, when the RESET button is pushed, the counter records the next 100 counts and then computes the counts/min.
		In the 15 sec mode, when the RESET button is pushed, the counter records counts for the next 15 sec and then computes and displays the counts/min.
		With the counter still in the 1000 mode, measure the rate with n = 1 lead sheet in place, then with n = 2, 3, 4, and 5 sheets.
	www.colorado.edu /physics/phys1140/phys1140_sm98/Experiments/O1/O1.html (2614 words)

	Counter-Strike - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some mods add bots, while others remove features of the games which some players found annoying, while yet others create different modes of play.
		Some of the most popular mods give server administrators more flexible and efficient control over his or her server.
		Forums with counter strike resources including downloads, strategy, and news.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Counter-strike (1828 words)

	[saag] RE: AES Counter Mode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The counter can be constructed by adding (or exoring) a value constructed using some particular formatting with a salt value (this is what draft-mcgrew-saag-icm-00.txt does, and what the early 802.11 proposal that I saw did as well).
		So the need for counter unpredictability can be met without restricting the amount of data protected.
		Of course, with AES CTR mode no more than 2^64 blocks can be protected with any fixed key, but this limitation is unavoidable with any cipher mode.
	mailman.mit.edu /pipermail/saag/2002q1/000526.html (870 words)

	[No title]
		If the key is used in beacon mode as a VHF “fox” for a foxhunt, this line can key transmit on an FM rig and the sidetone line can feed the transmit audio with appropriate attenuation.
		In seven digit mode the offset (determined by the V1, V2, or V3 commands and the K command) is not applied.
		This mode is intended to be used with a transmitter to create a HF or VHF beacon.
	www.qrpis.org /~k3ng/pic/pic_keyer_2.html (2773 words)

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