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Topic: Counterreformation

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Catholic Reformation

Reformed churches

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Protestant Reformation

Council of Trent

Baptism

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Filioque clause

Martin Luther

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	WHKMLA : History of Poland - Reformation and Counterreformation
		Hosius became the driving force of the COUNTERREFORMATION in Poland.
		After the Counterreformation, the Greek Orthodox and Protestant Church continued to be a factor.
		The Counterreformation had changed the quality of religious tolerance into a mere toleration; Catholicism had forcefully been reestablished as the dominant religion.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eceurope/refpol.html (783 words)

	Page 301
		Counterreformation in Bohemia, Mo ravia, and Upper and Lower Austria.
		To carry the Counterreformation through in Hungary was not in Ferdinand's power, but as time progressed, the peaceable Counterreformation was directed by Cardinal Peter Ptizmany (q.v.), archbishop of Gran, and achieved such results that at all events the ma jority of the nobility again became Roman Catholic.
		As concerns the internal affairs of Austria, the vic tory of the Counterreformation was likewise the defeat of the estates and their policy; the princes needed no longer to fear the claims of self-willed estates.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc04/htm/0317=301.htm (845 words)

	20th WCP:
		Our task is to reveal the essence of the turning points in 20th century science and to determine at least the general outlines, if not the cause, of the new type of rationality that is replacing the old one.
		If the 17th century could be considered the century of the reformation of science, the present century is one of counterreformation in every sense of the word.
		Ever since the turn of the century, the same ideology has been in existence: titanic efforts to complete the development of the science whose foundation was laid in the 17th and 18th centuries and outright failures followed by the reconstruction of the foundation.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Scie/SciePavl.htm (1949 words)

	Contrarreforma - Counter-Reformation (Spanish to English translation glossary) history,History,Art/Literary
		If you are referring to the period in the 17th century in Europe, it is usually referred to as The Counterreformation.
		German literature in the Counterreformation period, with attention to neighboring literatures.
		To the extent that the 30 Years' War cemented the gains of Protestants and terminated the Counterreformation as a political force, the Papacy was a big loser.
	www.proz.com /kudoz/470235 (440 words)

	H-France Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Thirty Years War broke out in 1618 at the height of the counterreformation movement, as militant catholics seemed poised to sustain major offensives against protestants throughout Europe.
		The highly motivated members of the Society of Jesus, a new counterreformation religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540, led the fight against “heresy” in the name of the pope.
		Bireley’s focus on Muzio Vitelleschi and the court confessors provides a genuinely new perspective on the history of the counterreformation movement and its impact on the Thirty Years War.
	www.h-france.net /vol4reviews/sandberg.html (1826 words)

	Sacraments and the Mass--Beliefnet.com
		There is an extent to which the Church decided to prohibit things such as a vernacular liturgy or Communion under both species, not because they were bad in and of themselves, but precisely because they were reforms that had been advocated -- and adopted -- by the Protestants.
		The Counterreformation also imposed on the Church a degree of unity of practice, liturgical and otherwise, that hadn't been there before.
		If the Reformation had remained a reform movement within the Church, it is possible that we might have had a vernacular liturgy and Communion under both species a few hundred years ago.
	www.beliefnet.com /boards/message_list.asp?pageID=14&discussionID=292944&messages_per_page=4 (209 words)

	Hl. Magdalena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Here the saint gazes up to the heavens with her hands folded in front of her lap in a gesture of deep religious devotion.
		This was an outlook that was given great importance by the Counterreformation.
		Note the inner tension and expressiveness of the saint’s face, which El Greco achieved by the asymmetrical and slightly distorted facial characteristics.
	www.khm.at /elgreco/Ausstellung/magdaKCE.html (141 words)

	SSRN-Pragmatic Administrative Law by Sidney Shapiro
		The reformation has been followed by a counterreformation that is based on a set of premises that run directly counter for the premises of the reformation.
		This literature, like the earlier literature on the reformation and the counterreformation, adopts interest group pluralism as the basis of the administrative process.
		Second, the counterreformation has produced changes in the administrative process that cannot be justified as either improving the rationality of regulation or the legitimacy of the process.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=653784 (363 words)

	Page 441
		result; he was carried to his position by the rising tide of the Counterreformation.
		Now that the political task was accomplished; the ecclesiastical forces of the Counterreformation began to exert themselves; the Jesuits and the papal nuncios proceeded to invest their field.
		In the Rhenish districts of the diocese and in Westphalia, Protestantism was combated energetically; by the acquisition of Munster, where Ernest was elected in 1585, and by the induction, 5.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc04/htm/0457=441.htm (765 words)

	The Thirty Years War, 1618-1648
		The case of the free Imperial city of Donauwörth, which was occupied by Bavarian troops in 1607 (and the Counterreformation enforced) without the Emperor taking action, caused the protestant princes to form the PROTESTANT UNION (1608).
		A Bavarian-Imperial army under Johan Tzerclaes Tilly then defeated the Bohemians in the Battle of the White Mountain 1620 and restored Bohemia to Habsburg rule; here, also, the Counterreformation was introduced, as in the Upper Palatinate, territory of the Winter King (Frederick Count Palatinate) adjacent to both Bohemia and Bavaria.
		In the Lower Palatinate, the Counterreformation was implemented.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/xxxywar.html (2207 words)

	Matilda Joslyn Gage Website: Scholarship: The Inquisition: Reformation and CounterReformation
		To meet the challenges posed by the Protestant movement, the Catholic church instituted a CounterReformation, partly an internal reform of the Catholic church, partly a renewed reliance on the time-tested techniques of fire and sword.
		The Council of Trent, meeting in three phases between 1545 and 1563, issued a series of formal statements of Catholic dogma and decrees to reform the worst abuses inside the church.
		The CounterReformation inaugurated a series of civil wars, in France, the Netherlands, in the Bohemian lands, and in Germany, pitting Catholic against Protestant subjects.
	www.pinn.net /~sunshine/gage/inquis/reform.html (3960 words)

	Spero Forum - Baptist, Protestant, and Catholic Discussion - Luther: The Rest of the Story
		If the Reformation was not needed then there would not have been a CounterReformation.
		We even had a Vatican II in the 1960s but no theological split.
		There will always be "fertile ground" and pretexts for submitting to pride and disobediance.
	www.speroforum.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1197&whichpage=1 (942 words)

	The Crusaders
		A powerful faction of religious and political conservatives is waging a latter-day counterreformation, battling widespread efforts to liberalize the American Catholic Church.
		The end to clerical celibacy is never going to be an issue in the New Hampshire primary but opposition to gay marriages will be.
		And it will be a capital irony if the counterreformation ends up less as a theological awakening than as a political moment.
	www.bishop-accountability.org /news2003_07_12/2003_11_02_Pierce_TheCrusaders.htm (4197 words)

	Armchair General Magazine: Interactive Military History
		Neither the Council of Trent nor the Papal Curia were willing to accept this Religious Peace of Augsburg as a permanent situation.
		The case of the free Imperial city of Donauwörth, which was occupied by Bavarian troops in 1607 (and the Counterreformation enforced) without the Emperor taking action, caused the protestant princes to form the Protestant Union in the year of 1608.
		That same year, Emperor Rudolf, as King of Bohemia, cancelled the religious toleration Protestants enjoyed in Bohemia.
	www.armchairgeneral.com /articles.php?p=2932&page=1 (651 words)

	El Greco-Laocoön (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		We can see the city of Troy in the background, however, the painting is not of Troy, but Toledo, Spain, El Greco's home.
		This painting was done in a time Catholic Counterreformation.
		He is using the story of Laocoön to represent the events in Toledo.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0118063/critique/elgreco.htm (283 words)

	Warsaw Confederation (1573) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The articles of the Warsaw Confederation were later incorporated into the Henrician Articles, and thus became constitutional provisions alongside the Pacta conventa also instituted in 1573.
		Religious life in late 16th century Poland, situated between Orthodox Muscovy, Moslem Ottoman Empire and Western Europe, torn between reformation and counterreformation, was of an exceptional character.
		This country became what Cardinal Stanislaus Hosius called “a place of shelter for heretics”.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Warsaw_Confederation_(1573) (686 words)

	Find in a Library: Religion and politics in the age of the counterreformation : Emperor Ferdinand II, William ...
		Find in a Library: Religion and politics in the age of the counterreformation : Emperor Ferdinand II, William Lamormaini, S.J., and the formation of imperial policy
		Religion and politics in the age of the counterreformation : Emperor Ferdinand II, William Lamormaini, S.J., and the formation of imperial policy
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/67a543e999df2145.html (101 words)

	LMS IC: Classic Lithuanian Literature Anthology
		This work is of great historical and literary value and is the initial source of all Lithuanian poetry.
		The Counterreformation began in Lithuania in the seventies of the 16th century as a reaction to the Reformation.
		One of the most prominent activists of the Counterreformation was the Bishop of Samogitia Merkelis Giedraitis who sponsored the printing of the first Lithuanian books in the Great Duchy of Lithuania.
	anthology.lms.lt /index.html (2225 words)

	Astro-Noetics.com :: The Uranus-Neptune Conjunction: A Retrospective
		Although the more celebrated side of Uranus involves progressive revolutionary impulses and humanitarian ideals, the less commendable and more hidden aspect of Uranus can lead to a fervent, unapologetic fundamentalism.
		A counterreformation of political and religious fanaticism stood side by side with the liberal and tolerant-minded reforms of the time, with both agendas fueled by Uranus's vision of what constitutes a better world.
		Fueled by a pious moralism and an arch-conservative political stance, extreme factions of the religious right rose with tremendous force to counter the mounting tide of forces threatening to traditional family values.
	www.astro-noetics.com /uran_nep_conjunction_9.html (539 words)

	Teaching History Online: 17
		Thus it is especially useful to people who have read mostly conspiracy books, or seen one or more conspiracy videos, or seen the movie "JFK" and want to know the "rest of the story." There are numerous primary sources, including Oswald's own political writings, witness testimony, FBI reports, video and audio clips, and numerous photos
		The Counter-Reformation: This is a detailed site covering all aspects of the Counterreformation and is designed for Advanced level students.
		Council of Trent; aids to the Counterreformation; important Counterreformation popes; important individuals to the
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /history17.htm (923 words)

	[Opinions of some casuists of the Counterreformation on abortion, contraception and continence in marriage] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Title: [Opinions of some casuists of the Counterreformation on abortion, contraception and continence in marriage]
		This chapter limits its sources to works published in Liege, Belgium, in the counterreformation, concerning abortion, contraception, and continence in marriage.
		Some confessors urged their parishoners to practice continence during lent, to the effect that fewer children were born in October-December in Liege.
	www.popline.org /docs/0104/600068.html (187 words)

	Felix Stalder: Internet Backlash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The advent of the Internet has often been likened to the spread of the printing press and its democratization of knowledge.
		Comparable to the indices of banned books created by the Catholic church in an attempt to maintain its monopoly, we see now the banning of technologies and the persecution of their creators but because they threaten the status quo of traditionally dominant institutions.
		As the first counterreformation was unsuccessful in preventing new knowledge from spreading and so will this one be unable to maintain the status quo through repression.
	felix.openflows.org /html/backlash.html (2398 words)

	Dialnet: El antiutopismo en Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda
		In this essay we problematize the traditional critical view of Persiles as a Christian romance inspired by the principles of the Counterreformation Instead, we propose an interpretation of the novel as an ¿allegory of cultural difference,¿ and also as a startling critique of Counterreformation and imperial utopias.
		We argue that Cervantes¿s use of the allegorical form is aligned with a mannerist aesthetic broadly understood as the experimentation with multiple and unstable points of view and a rejection of mimetic illusionism.
		Also, while the basic story line of Persiles is built on a striking perversion of the peregrination motif, Cervantes¿s exploration of religious and cultural syncretism, his portrayal of Spain and especially Rome as sites of meaningless violence, and his poignant use of irony reinforce the novel¿s critique of Counterreformation ideology.
	dialnet.unirioja.es /servlet/oaiart?codigo=943804 (205 words)

	Mots Pluriels Roger Clarke
		The second section of the paper explores the counterreformation that has been stimulated by the exercise of those freedoms.
		Governments, both in relatively free and relatively un-free countries, together with major corporations whose profits are dependent on copyright, have all perceived the need to take action against the excess of freedoms wrought by the Internet.
		Such technology would lie between anonymity (and its scope for accountability to be undermined by the absence of any means of applying retribution to guilty parties), and ubiquitous identification (which renders everyone's behaviour subject to transparency, and people's locations subject to real-time discovery, resulting in the chilling of nonconformist behaviour).
	motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au /MP1801rc.html (14252 words)

	Peter Canisius
		We cannot by some unhistorical magic transform the citizen of Nijmegen into an ecumenist.
		He was a man of the counterreformation who consciously promoted the cause of Catholic restoration.
		It is important to acknowledge that in that entangled time, in which partition and sharp choices were high values, honestly inspired people irreconcilably opposed each other on all sides.
	www.companysj.com /v152/canisius.html (1207 words)

	The class action counterreformation.(The Civil Trial: Adaptation and Alternatives) Industry & Business Article - ...
		In effect, it is an offer to replace justice with "just trust us." This "bargain" appears too close at hand for comfort.
		Yet recently, there has been a judicial awakening, a dawning recognition that class actions were not the sole remaining barrier to utopia and that class action reform may have been "carried to an excess, that itself will need reforming." (13) The counterreformation has begun.
		First is the path of least resistance, utilizing alternatives to traditional, formal class certification to accomplish at least some of its aggregative and preclusive advantages.
	goliath.ecnext.com /coms2/gi_0199-4352183/The-class-action-counterreformation-The.html (2451 words)

	The Ratzinger Fan Club: Books by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger
		In two decades as the chief guardian of Catholic doctrine, he addressed every controversy facing the Church: clerical sex abuse, feminism, religious pluralism, sexual revolution and the culture of death, secularism, and militant Islam.
		This uncommonly rich record, Rose argues, promises a new Counterreformation, purifying and reorienting the Catholic Church.
		Rose reveals that Cardinal Ratzinger, unquestionably John Paul II's closest collaborator, was privately critical of certain ecumenical, liturgical, and administrative policies of the late pope.
	www.ratzingerfanclub.com /cardinal_ratzinger_in_print.html (5591 words)

	counterreformation - English-Italian Dictionary - WordReference.com
		Forum discussions with the word(s) 'counterreformation' in the title:
		Discussioni nei forum nel cui titolo è presente la parola 'counterreformation':
		Ask a question yourself./Poni tu stesso una domanda.
	www.wordreference.com /enit/counterreformation (36 words)

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