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Topic: Counterfeiting

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	Counterfeit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This building was used to mint counterfeit American nickels in the late 19th and/or early 20th centuries.
		In 1926 a high-profile counterfeit scandal came to light in Hungary, when several people were arrested in the Netherlands while attempting to procure 10 million francs worth of fake French 1000-franc bills which had been produced in Hungary; after 3 years, the state-sponsored industrial scale counterfeit operation had finally collapsed.
		In the 1980s counterfeiting in the Republic of Ireland twice resulted in sudden changes in official documents: in November 1984 the £1 postage stamp, also used on savings cards for paying television licences and telephone bills, was invalidated and replaced by another design at a few days' notice, because of widespread counterfeiting.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Counterfeit (1500 words)

	The Case for Counterfeiting - Mises Institute
		Counterfeiters, whether they work in cramped basements or other workplaces, print money and then instantly spend it.
		As long as the counterfeiter is not detected, he enjoys the same outcome as the one I have described.
		The money provides benefits to the counterfeiter, but only at the expense of other people, as a small portion of their wealth has been transferred away from them and given to the individual who printed the new money in the first place.
	www.mises.org /fullstory.asp?control=843&FS=The+Case+for+Counterfeiting (1008 words)

	RBA: Conference Paper-Australia's Counterfeiting Experience
		Such counterfeits were easily detected both by the appearance of the window and by feel, including running one's finger across this area of the note.
		The reduced level of counterfeiting is a very positive result for polymer and we believe that opportunities for the "casual" or "crime of opportunity" counterfeiter have been virtually eliminated.
		So, while note issuers are now able to achieve much reduced incidences of counterfeiting by changing their banknotes to polymer and employing the "new age" security features available, the importance of a well-resourced police service being available when needed to assist in the fight against counterfeiters cannot be under-estimated.
	www.rba.gov.au /CurrencyNotes/ConferencePapers/cu_6.8_counterfeit.html (2879 words)

	Counterfeiting of Financial Instruments
		A new generation of fraudulent alteration or counterfeiting emerged when computerized colour laser copiers became capable of high-resolution copying, the modification of documents and even the creation of false documents without benefit of an original.
		Because of vigorous anti-counterfeiting measures, the amount of counterfeit currency has dropped precipitously, with passed and seized counterfeit $100 bills falling from $126 million to $53 million between 1994 and 1997.
		Also, the percentage of counterfeit U.S. currency passed in the United States, that was produced using inkjet color copiers, has jumped from 0.5% in 1995 to 43% in 1998.
	www.crimes-of-persuasion.com /Crimes/Business/counterfeiting.htm (2183 words)

	Counterfeiting - Yellowworld Forums
		A counterfeit, on a strict definition, is something that is forged, copied or imitated without the perpetrator having the right to do it, and with the purpose of deceiving or defrauding.
		Counterfeiters often get their goods by bribing employees in a company with a valuable brand to hand over manufacturing moulds or master discs for them to copy.
		The growth of "counterfeit goods" is just the invisible hand giving a giant bitchslap to fashion designers who think that their name printed on the front should give a t-shirt some value beyond the materials it's made of.
	www.yellowworld.org /forums/showthread.php?t=7279 (3640 words)

	How to Fight Against Counterfeiting
		Counterfeiting can exist where there is no confusion of the purchaser but of a third party such as the person on the street who sees the merchandise carried by the consumer long after its purchase.
		The counterfeiting of the various types of intellectual property, with the exception of trademarks and indications of origins, does not constitute a criminal offense under the national legislation on unfair competition.
		The counterfeiter can be required to disclose the supplier of the counterfeit goods during the course of discovery In a civil proceeding, however, that may not be possible in a criminal proceeding.
	www.supnik.com /ctfrio.htm (6266 words)

	John & Kernick - IP in Africa - South Africa - Anti-Counterfeiting - General Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Counterfeiting is a global problem and unfortunately South Africa has during the past few years been targeted as a dumping ground for unscrupulous businesses and organised crime syndicates.
		Counterfeiting and copying of famous brands has created real dangers for the individual purchaser, manufacturer, distributor and even the national economy.
		Counterfeit goods, as per definition, are goods which are imitations of genuine goods in respect of which a trade mark or copyrighted work of an intellectual property right owner exists and has been copied and amounts to an offence in terms of the Counterfeit Goods Act.
	www.johnandkernick.co.za /JK_IP_Africa/South_Africa/JK_IPA_SA_AC_Gen_Info.htm (381 words)

	HP Labs : News : HP Helps U.S. Clamp Down on Counterfeiting
		Counterfeiting used to be the domain of skilled criminals with expensive engraving and printing equipment.
		Were a user to attempt to print a banknote using the exact green in the correct density for a bill, the printer could modulate the color somewhat to produce distinct, visible bands of color.
		HP was able to respond as quickly as it did to counterfeiting concerns in part because of HP Labs' deep expertise and continued research in imaging and printing.
	www.hpl.hp.com /news/2003/july_sept/counterfeit.html (1399 words)

	counterfeiting
		The statute left unchanged the common-law misdemeanors of counterfeiting copper coinage and passing counterfeit foreign currency.
		counterfeiting was considered a felony rather than a form of treason.
		Counterfeit Money - Counterfeiting of money is one of the oldest crimes in history.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/bus/A0813784.html (419 words)

	Fake-onomics and Bogus Counterfeiting Figures
		He starts by assuming that counterfeiting in the United States is a $287 billion industry, and then says that New York City's share is double its 4 percent share of gross domestic product: 8 percent of $287 billion is $23 billion.
		The doubling of the GDP figure is based on a guesstimate that counterfeiting is twice as prevalent in New York City as it is elsewhere in the country.
		Since the degree of understanding of the size and importance of the counterfeiting industry has increased substantially over the past nine years, it's telling that 1996 numbers seem to be the best that the comptroller can find.
	www.law.com /jsp/ihc/PubArticleIHC.jsp?id=1132653921049&rss=ihc (1184 words)

	IFPMA Issues: Quality & Counterfeiting
		Counterfeiting is growing in scale and geographical scope.
		It recorded counterfeiting incidents in 67 countries in 2004 and in 89 in 2005, a 32% increase.
		However, attemps to estimate the scale of the problem at a gobal level are misleading, as counterfeiting is above all a health issue in developing countries (the incidence in developed countries is certainly much lower).
	www.ifpma.org /Issues/issues_quality.aspx (570 words)

	Counterfeiting Using Personal Computers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Or in some instances we find counterfeits that have a watermark that does not compare to the portrait on the front of the bill, and it is simply a matter of people just not being careful about scrutinizing their currency, and that is why our public education campaign is so critical.
		One of the problems that we see with not seizing and forfeiting the instrumentalities of counterfeiting is precisely that it feeds the perception that this is not considered a priority by law enforcement and by those who would seek to suppress that kind of counterfeit activity.
		Nancy Clark, who is in charge of our counterfeit information and research section has brought in just as a display all of the counterfeit currency that was successfully passed on the public in one month from Newark, New Jersey, and she is able to show, of that portion, how many of those were P-Notes.
	commdocs.house.gov /committees/bank/hba47580.000/hba47580_0.htm (8814 words)

	Bob O'Brien's Sanity Check - Stock Counterfeiting - A Primer
		Yet another method of stock counterfeiting occurs when brokers lend shares from margin accounts, and fail to alert the margin account investors that the “Securities Entitlements” are now NOT backed by the corresponding electronic book-entry anymore, as that book-entry has been lent.
		As to the counterfeiting statute, I don't disagree with the statutes.
		Counterfeiting of a Commercial Security is a Class B Federal Felony, per 18 USC Section 514.
	www.thesanitycheck.com /BobsSanityCheckBlog/tabid/56/EntryID/144/Default.aspx (8558 words)

	United States Secret Service: Counterfeit Division
		This authority to investigate counterfeiting is derived from Title 18 of the United States Code, Section 3056.
		During the Civil War, one-third to one-half of the currency in circulation was counterfeit.
		Although the counterfeiting of money was substantially suppressed after the establishment of the Secret Service, this crime still represents a potential danger to the Nation's economy.
	www.ustreas.gov /usss/counterfeit.shtml (455 words)

	[No title]
		Counterfeiting, especially the emerging hobby of desktop counterfeiting, strikes right at the heart of Mammon, pissing on its ultimate sacrament.
		“Counterfeiting was once the domain of skilled crooks who needed expensive engraving and printing equipment,” writes desktop publisher Doug McClellan, “But as the prices of desktop-publishing systems have dropped, counterfeiting has gone mainstream.
		Meanwhile, counterfeiters in Colombia are suspected of manufacturing more than a third of the counterfeit notes seized in the U.S. in 1999.
	www.sniggle.net /counterfeit.php (953 words)

	Counterfeiting: changes foreign companies can and should make
		Given the internationalization of counterfeiting operations in recent years, the more data a company analyzes, the more likely it is to connect the dots that lead to the counterfeiting mastermind.
		Buying counterfeits of any type perpetuates the industry and sends a wrong message to PRC authorities about companies' commitment to fighting counterfeiting.
		Counterfeiting is not the only intellectual property issue for companies in China.
	resources.alibaba.com /article/4115/Counterfeiting_changes_foreign_companies_can_and_should_make.htm (1346 words)

	GovTrack: Senate Record: STOP COUNTERFEITING IN MANUFACTURED GOODS ACT (109-s20051110-74) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		1699, the "Stop Counterfeiting in Manufactured Goods Act." Senator Specter is the principal cosponsor, and I know that he shares with me the conviction that this bill that will give law enforcement improved tools to fight counterfeit trademarks, and that it could work a significant change in the efforts to combat this type of theft.
		Since the defendant did not attach counterfeit marks to "goods or services," the court found that the defendant did not run afoul of the criminal statute as a matter of law.
		To be sure, counterfeiting is not limited to the popular designer goods that we have all seen sold on comers of just about every major metropolitan city in the United States.
	www.govtrack.us /congress/record.xpd?id=109-s20051110-74 (2381 words)

	FRB: Press Release -- Report to the Congress on Use and Counterfeiting of U.S. Currency Abroad -- March 14, 2003
		The incidence of counterfeiting has declined markedly with the introduction of the 1996-series currency.
		The report, The Use and Counterfeiting of United States Currency Abroad, Part II, mandated by Congress as part of the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, represents a comprehensive review of the international use and counterfeiting of U.S. currency.
		The incidence of counterfeiting is low, with approximately one counterfeit note per 10,000 notes worldwide.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/press/other/2003/20030314 (616 words)

	Money Matters: Coin and Counterfeiting Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Counterfeiting is one of the most important law enforcement issues the Congress and the committee faces.
		Counterfeit deterrence efforts continue as we prepare for the introduction of a redesigned $50 note later this year, followed by a redesigned $100 note and potentially a $10 note in subsequent years.
		While current levels of counterfeiting represent a tiny fraction of this amount and do not have a meaningful impact on our economy as a whole, the losses incurred by individuals or businesses from these counterfeit notes can be significant.
	commdocs.house.gov /committees/bank/hba96545.000/hba96545_0.HTM (16351 words)

	Intellectual Property Protection - Counterfeiting
		On a global basis, product counterfeiting is growing at a staggering rate in part due to the fact that counterfeiting remains a high-return low-risk operation in terms of apprehension and the resulting penalties if caught are often negligible.
		Criminal and even terrorist organizations are now engaging in counterfeit product distribution to finance their activities creating a greater challenge for law enforcement officials due to lack of resources and multi-jurisdictional reach.
		Unfortunately, counterfeit products can be deadly and the economic impact affects all consumers, not to mention the potential damage to the legitimate company’s reputation.
	www.ipsaintl.com /services/intellectual_property1.cfm (220 words)

	The Rodsmen Part 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The expressing "phony as a three-dollar bill" goes back to the post-Civil War period when US Treasury notes and silver certificates were were only printed for the denominations of $1, $2, $5 and higher.
		The US Treasury Department and the Secret Service made valiant efforts to stop the counterfeiting of the national currency, but accepting those local banknotes which still remained in circulation was risky business.
		Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer, and Lyman E. Johnson, united with a gang of counterfeiters, thieves, liars, and fllegs of the deepest dye, to deceive, cheat, and defraud the saints out of their property....
	thedigitalvoice.com /enigma/essays/rodsmn04.htm (350 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Technology \| Tackling the property pirates
		MEPs supported a proposal from the Commission and the member states that will give them the right to take civil action to protect their intellectual property in any EU country.
		The timing was crucial; we wanted this to come into force ahead of the enlargement of the EU, thus tackling the potential flow of goods through the greatly enlarged land and sea borders.
		Under the proposal, companies will be able to apply for injunctions to prevent counterfeit goods being distributed.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/technology/3501964.stm (658 words)

	ECB: Counterfeiting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Both centres analyse those counterfeits which are considered to be dangerous, as they are either occurring in considerable numbers or as their quality is deceiving.
		The Counterfeit Analysis Centre uses the statistical data in its regular reporting and the technical data to provide feedback on the performance of security features to take into account for future banknotes.
		The ECB continues to cooperate very closely in the fight against counterfeiting with the European Commission and with the police agencies Interpol and Europol.
	www.ecb.int /bc/banknotes/counterfeiting/html/index.en.html (320 words)

	Holografix Bangladesh
		Counterfeited documents have been reissued as 'genuine' (issuing authorities often unable to honour its own genuine bills of lading, documentary credits, cheques or bank drafts or other written contracts);
		Accidents resulting in injuries and untimely deaths attributed to duplicate/spurious parts, counterfeited medicine/liquor/cosmetics and other items of human consumption.
		During the year 1997-98, in the total size of the replacement market in india in respect of 12 fast moving auto components, duplicates accounted for a staggering 37.60% (about rs.
	www.colorsofbangladesh.com /holografix/counterfeiting.htm (309 words)

	GMA News Release \| GMA CALLS FOR INITIATIVES TO END PRODUCT COUNTERFEITING 6/15/05:
		Quantifying and reporting the scope of product counterfeiting globally in terms of damage to copyright holders and to consumers through the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's current anti-counterfeiting project.
		Product counterfeiting is often part of larger criminal enterprises involving organized retail theft and is used to finance illegal activities.
		GMA is a member of the Coalition Against Counterfeiting and Piracy, which works with the government's Strategy Targeting Organized Piracy (STOP!) initiative.
	www.gmabrands.com /news/docs/NewsRelease.cfm?DocID=1527 (614 words)

	Bureau of Engraving and Printing
		Manufacturing counterfeit United States currency or altering genuine currency to increase its value is a violation of Title 18, Section 471 of the United States Code and is punishable by a fine of up to $5,000, or 15 years imprisonment, or both.
		Possession of counterfeit United States obligations with fraudulent intent is a violation of Title 18, Section 472 of the United States Code and is punishable by a fine of up to $15,000, or 15 years imprisonment, or both.
		Anyone who alters a genuine coin to increase its numismatic value is in violation of Title 18, Section 331 of the United States Code, which is punishable by a fine of up to $2,000, or imprisonment for up to 5 years, or both.
	www.moneyfactory.gov /document.cfm/18/103 (341 words)

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