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Topic: Countervailing duties

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	Antidumping and Countervailing Duties Concept Paper Part IIABA - CEELI
		In examining the underpinnings of antidumping and countervailing duty law, the paper shall examine in particular the economic rationale for these laws-that is to say, the coherence of the efficiency rationale and the degree to which these remedies enhance economic well-being.
		Countervailing duties are intended to offset the subsidies which some foreign governments may provide to their exporters, eliminating within the duty-imposing country any competitive advantage which those subsidies might otherwise provide.
		The impact of countervailing duties on global economic efficiency is clearly irrelevant to the decisions facing the importing government as to whether to impose such duties.
	abanet.org /ceeli/publications/conceptpapers/antidump/cvduties2.html (8574 words)

	US - COUNTERVAILING DUTIES ON NON-RUBBER FOOTWEAR FROM BRAZIL (SCM/94)/A
		Pursuant to this order countervailing duties were imposed, as of that date, under Section 303 of the Tariff Act of 1930 which had been covered by the existing legislation clause under the GATT Protocol of Provisional Application, and therefore no injury determination was made.
		The countervailing duty levied on the entries between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1980 was 8.84 per cent.
		At that time, countervailing duties on non-rubber footwear from Brazil were being levied pursuant to a decision taken by the United States in 1974 under section 303 of the Tariff Act of 1930, covered by the existing legislation clause of the Protocol of Provisional Application.
	www.sice.oas.org /dispute/gatt/88nruber.asp (9991 words)

	Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis-The Region - Anti-dumping: The Free-Trade Antacid (December 2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The use of both anti-dumping and countervailing duties has skyrocketed in the last few decades, coincidental with increasing trade liberalization around the globe, and born from protectionist tendencies that most countries have toward their home industries.
		The process of anti-dumping and countervailing duty works as such: A company that believes it is being injured by import dumping files a petition with the federal government requesting that protection—in the form of duties—be applied to the imported good in question.
		Countervailing duties are imposed whenever government (at the national, regional or local level) confers financial benefit on a company or industry.
	woodrow.mpls.frb.fed.us /pubs/region/01-12/wirtz.cfm?js=0 (3780 words)

	[No title]
		We included all countervailing duty cases over this time period, as well as all antidumping cases in which a petition was filed by U.S. industry for an antidumping investigation against a similar product from the same country (e.g., honey from Argentina).
		Of the 72 countervailing duty cases from 1995 through 2004, we found only 3 in which a similar antidumping petition was not also filed.
		Furthermore, in a countervailing duty case involving exports from Hungary, Commerce found that subsidies provided by a country before its status is changed from nonmarket to market economy are not subject to U.S. countervailing duty law.
	www.gao.gov /atext/d05474.txt (12233 words)

	Trade Remedies: General Information Brochure - Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties
		Countervailing duties are imposed to offset injury caused by a subsidy.
		Action to impose anti-dumping or countervailing duties can be taken by the Minister of Commerce only when the Minister is satisfied that injury to the domestic industry is being caused by the dumped or subsidised imports.
		Anti-dumping and countervailing duties may not exceed the level of the dumping margin or the amount of the subsidy.
	www.med.govt.nz /buslt/trade_rem/guides/brochure/brochure-01.html (1771 words)

	PROTECTION - Online Information article about PROTECTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The rate of duties was pressed ever higher; and when the war closed, and the taxes could again be lowered, the protectionist managers knew how to lower or remit altogether the non-protective duties, and thus keep high, and even advance to a still higher point, the duties which protected them from foreign competition.
		America than abroad, it would be necessary to maintain countervailing duties at least equal to this difference, in order to protect American industry.
		Hamilton considered that the duties, andc., would not have to be very high or very long continued in order to accomplish their legitimate ends, after which they would become unnecessary, and would naturally be abolished.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PRE_PYR/PROTECTION.html (5219 words)

	Subsidies and Countervailing Duties
		Although many countries impose countervailing duties, the US is by far the most active: between 1979 and 1988 it made 371 investigations, while only 58 investigations were initiated in all other countries.
		When prohibited or actionable subsidies injure or threaten to injure the domestic industry, they may be offset by countervailing duties (under article VI).
		Countervailing duties versus WTO dispute resolution: There is a limit as to what unilateral action (imposing a CVD) can accomplish.
	pacific.commerce.ubc.ca /john/baim503/subsidy.htm (1107 words)

	Anti-Dumping / Countervailing Duties - McCahon Consultants, Tariff and Import Tax Consultancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		These duties are assessed to protect domestic producers from unfair foreign manufacturers that, with an eye to obtaining economies of scale and gaining market share, may sell for export at unfairly low prices.
		Anti-dumping duties are imposed in addition to any regular customs duties that are applicable, calculated as the the difference between the "normal value" of the goods and the price at which they are exported.
		If anti-dumping or countervailing duties have been or may be imposed on goods you import and you need to know what recourse you have or how to proceed, please contact us and we will get back to you right away.
	www3.sympatico.ca /cammc/andcou.htm (191 words)

	United States — Imposition Of Countervailing Duties On Certain Hot-Rolled Lead And Bismuth Carbon Steel Products ...
		Countervailing duties were imposed on imports of leaded bars produced by UES on the basis of the portion of benefit "passing through" from BSC to UES during the period of investigation.
		Thus, countervailing duties for post-20 March 1995 imports of leaded bars produced by BSplc/BSES were calculated on the basis of (1) "benefit" passing through from UES to BSplc, and (2) "benefit" passing through from BSC to BSplc.
		The European Communities submits that countervailing duties were levied by the United States on UES and, in turn, BSplc/BSES without any demonstration by the United States of the existence of a "subsidy".
	www.worldlii.org /int/cases/WTOP/1999/7.html (19048 words)

	Malayan Law Journal - Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Countervailing duties, on the other hand, are aimed primarily at subsidies offered to a foreign exporter by his government for the purpose of encouraging the exporter to sell at lower prices abroad.
		In all events any anti dumping duty and undertakings shall be terminated after five years from its imposition, unless the authorities determine that the expiry of the duty or undertaking would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping and injury.
		That is why duties and security should be applied separately while the government determines whether to opt for the former or the latter, taking into consideration the gravity of the dumping margin and the injury caused to the domestic industry.
	www.mlj.com.my /free/articles/rozlinda&maharom.htm (9908 words)

	ABA - CEELI - Antidumping and Countervailing Duties Concept Paper
		In the subsidies context, the section discusses the impact of countervailing duties on the importing country's producers, workers, and consumers and different considerations that may underlie a government's decision to adopt a countervailing duty regime.
		Sections V and VI turn to the substantive aspects of antidumping and countervailing duty laws, again using the Antidumping Agreement or SCM Agreement as the focal point and elaborating to some extent on relevant practices or permutations in the United States and EU contexts.
		In the United States, the countervailing duties provisions of the 1890 Tariff Act were superseded by Section 303 of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of 1922, which subsequently became Section 303 of the Tariff Act of 1930.
	abanet.org /ceeli/publications/conceptpapers/antidump/cvduties1.html (5386 words)

	FTAA/ALCA - Draft Agreement - Chapter on Subsidies, Antidumping and Countervailing Duties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Proceedings may be suspended or terminated without the imposition of provisional measures or anti-dumping duties upon receipt of satisfactory voluntary undertakings from any exporter to revise its prices or to cease exports to the area in question at dumped prices so that the authorities are satisfied that the injurious effect of the dumping is eliminated.
		The decision whether or not to impose an anti-dumping duty in cases where all requirements for the imposition have been fulfilled, and the decision whether the amount of the anti-dumping duty to be imposed shall be the full margin of dumping or less, are decisions to be made by the authorities of the importing Member.
		The authorities shall review the need for the continued imposition of the duty, where warranted, on their own initiative or, provided that a reasonable period of time has elapsed since the imposition of the definitive anti-dumping duty, upon request by any interested party which submits positive information substantiating the need for a review.
	www.sice.oas.org /ftaadraft/eng/ngsue_2.asp (2544 words)

	Canadian Tribunal Initiates Inquiry for Stainless Steel Wire Imports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Tribunal is of the opinion that there are reasonable grounds to consider that the imposition of anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties would not or might not be in the public interest.
		The effect that the imposition of anti-dumping and countervailing duties has had or is likely to have on producers in Canada that use stainless steel wire as inputs in the production of other goods.
		The effect that the imposition of anti-dumping and countervailing duties has had or is likely to have on competition by limiting access to stainless steel wire that is used as inputs in the production of other goods.
	www.steelnews.com /04/nov25.htm (433 words)

	Antidumping and Countervailing Duties
		Antidumping duties (ADD)(19 U.S.C. 1654) are taxes assessed on imported goods that are sold in the United States at a price less than fair market value.
		Countervailing duties (CVD)(19 U.S.C. 1654) are taxes assessed to counter the effects of subsidies provided by foreign governments to goods exported to the United States.
		This is conducted in order to determine whether duty rates in effect are correct.
	www.itds.treas.gov /ADD_CVD.htm (602 words)

	WTO \| Subsidies and Countervailing Measures - Gateway
		The WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures disciplines the use of subsidies, and it regulates the actions countries can take to counter the effects of subsidies.
		Or the country can launch its own investigation and ultimately charge extra duty (“countervailing duty”) on subsidized imports that are found to be hurting domestic producers.
		The Subsidies and Countervailing Duties Committee supervises the implementation of the Agreement.
	www.wto.org /english/tratop_e/scm_e/scm_e.htm (534 words)

	U.S. Issues New Anti-dumping, Countervailing Duty Guidelines, July 9, 2004
		A countervailing duty is an increased import duty imposed to offset a subsidy granted to a foreign product, the sale of which in the United States is injuring a U.S. producer of an identical or similar good.
		One of the primary goals of bond sufficiency is ensuring CBP's ability to collect the antidumping and countervailing duties at liquidation and ensuring that the revenue is protected.
		Importers of agriculture or aquaculture merchandise currently subject to or potentially subject to antidumping or countervailing duty cases may wish to review their records to determine if their current bond coverage is adequate.
	www.usembassy.it /file2004_07/alia/a4071203.htm (757 words)

	The Spotlight Issue 275, October 26, 2000: Customs to Distribute Antidumping/Countervailing Duties to U.S. Industry
		Companies that are related to companies that opposed the antidumping or countervailing duty investigation are not eligible for an offset.
		For duties assessed from October 1, 2000 to September 30, 2001, offsets must be distributed no later than December 1, 2001, and so on for subsequent fiscal years.
		Prior to passage of this new law, antidumping and countervailing duties were deposited into the general account of the Treasury Department and used for government expenditures.
	www.us.danzas.com /worldwide/northamerica/resource/275.html (451 words)

	Rising Transatlantic Tensions over the Byrd Amendment on Antidumping and Countervailing Duties -- CITAC -- November 13, ...
		This provision would take antidumping and countervailing duties collected by the U.S. Customs Service and give them to private companies that brought petitions is specific cases under those laws.
		In the recent WTO case declaring the Antidumping Act of 1916 a violation of the Antidumping Agreement, it was made clear that additional remedies are not permitted.
		Because of this, the WTO has ruled that the United States practice of continuing to impose countervailing duties on privatized companies is contrary to the Subsidies Agreement.
	citac.info /release/2000/11_13.html (1295 words)

	US CODE: Title 19,1671. Countervailing duties imposed
		then there shall be imposed upon such merchandise a countervailing duty, in addition to any other duty imposed, equal to the amount of the net countervailable subsidy.
		For purposes of this subsection and section 1671d (b)(1) of this title, a reference to the sale of merchandise includes the entering into of any leasing arrangement regarding the merchandise that is equivalent to the sale of the merchandise.
		Countervailing duty investigations involving imports not entitled to a material injury determination
	www4.law.cornell.edu /uscode/19/1671.html (501 words)

	Countervailing duties -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Countervailing duties -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Countervailing duties are a means to restrict (Click link for more info and facts about international trade) international trade in cases where imports are (Click link for more info and facts about subsidized) subsidized by a foreign country and hurt domestic producers.
		According to (An international organization based in Geneva that monitors and enforces rules governing global trade) WTO rules, a country can launch its own investigation and decide to charge extra duties.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/countervailing_duties.htm (140 words)

	Countervailing Duties in a Perfectly Competitive Market
		he WTO allows countries to place a countervailing duty (CVD) on imports when a foreign government subsidizes exports of the product which in turn causes injury to the import competing firms.
		The countervailing duty is a tariff designed to "counter" the effects of the foreign export subsidy.
		The purpose of this section is to explain the effects of a countervailing duty in a perfectly competitive market setting.
	internationalecon.com /v1.0/ch110/110c100.html (2108 words)

	Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Investigations and Reviews
		The ITC and the U.S. Department of Commerce are responsible for conducting antidumping (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) (subsidy) investigations and five-year (sunset) reviews under Title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930.
		When an antidumping or countervailing duty order is imposed, Commerce instructs the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (Customs) to assess antidumping or countervailing duties on imports of the product into the United States to offset the unfair trade practice.
		Commerce and the ITC review each outstanding antidumping and countervailing duty order every five years to determine whether revocation of the order would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping or subsidies and of material injury within a reasonably foreseeable time.
	www.usitc.gov /trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd (367 words)

	Request for public comments. Antidumping Proceedings: Treatment of Section 201 Duties and Countervailing Duties.
		Antidumping Proceedings: Treatment of Section 201 Duties and Countervailing Duties.
		Rebuttal comments must be received no later than forty-five days from the date of publication of this notice.
		The Department is seeking comments on the appropriate treatment of section 201 duties and countervailing duties under these provisions in antidumping duty calculations.
	www.ia.ita.doc.gov /download/section201/rfc-section201.html (445 words)

	WTO Agreements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Due allowance shall be made in each case for differences in conditions and terms of sale, for differences in taxation, and for other differences affecting price comparability.
		The term "countervailing duty" shall be understood to mean a special duty levied for the purpose of offsetting any bounty or subsidy bestowed, directly or indirectly upon the manufacture, production or export of any merchandise.
		No product of the territory of any contracting party imported into the territory of any other contracting party shall be subject to both anti-dumping and countervailing duties to compensate for the same situation of dumping or export subsidization.
	organization.at.infoseek.co.jp /wto/1947/1947e6.htm (344 words)

	European Report : EU SETS COUNTERVAILING DUTIES UP TO 14.6% ON INDIAN ANTIBIOTICS. @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The duties, agreed without discussion at the EU's General Affairs Council, apply to three semi-synthetic penicillins: amoxicillin trihydrate, ampicillin trihydrate and cefalexin.
		They are virtually the same as the duties set provisionally by the Commission last May, and include a lower duties like 9.6% for Biochem Synergy, 4.6% for Lupin and zero duties for Torrent Pharmaceutical, Vitara Chemical and Gujarat Lyka Organics.
		The Commission's investigation supported the allegations by six EU producers that the Indian manufacturers benefited from subsidies amounting to at least 30% of the price at which the products were placed on the European market.
	static.highbeam.com /e/europeanreport/october071998/eusetscountervailingdutiesupto146onindianantibioti/index.html (228 words)

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