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Topic: Counting rods

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Chinese numerals

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	About Fly Rods
		Generally these rods are a gentle cast with more forgiveness of casting mistakes than a fast action rod.
		These are considered short rods and are perfect for fishing in tight areas - narrow streams with overhanging trees or small ponds with lots of brush.
		Premium fly rods may have two stripping guides but the second one is counted in the guide count.
	mrffs.com /atlanticsalmon1rods.html (956 words)

	Counting rods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The counting rods (籌 chou2) were used by ancient Chinese before the invention of the abacus.
		The counting rods could be used for a wide range of calculations, including finding the value of &pi and solving system of linear equations.
		One variation of rod numerals is still in use, see the article on Chinese numerals.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/c/co/counting_rods.html (262 words)

	Method and apparatus for monitoring the control rods of a nuclear reactor - Patent 4486382
		Apparatus for continuously monitoring the displacement of the control rods of a pressurized water nuclear reactor in which each control rod is suspended from a suspension rod cooperating with a control mechanism for successive stepwise upward or downward displacements of said suspension rod over a fixed distance corresponding to a displacement step.
		Thus, the movement of the rod modifies the inductive coupling between the windings of the detectors and generates an output voltage representing the position of the rod.
		To measure the speed of movement of the rod, it is advantageous to use an ultrasonic system which emits at regular intervals a beam of ultrasonic waves the echo of which on the rod is detected by measuring the transit time of the wave between the emission and the reception of the echo.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4486382.html (3076 words)

	Counting rods - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The counting rods (Traditional Chinese: 籌; Simplified Chinese: 筹; pinyin: chou2) were used by ancient Chinese before the invention of the abacus.
		The counting rods could be used for a wide range of calculations, including finding the value of π and solving system of linear equations.
		One variation of rod numerals is still in use, see the article on Chinese numerals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Counting_rods (280 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Counting rods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The counting rods (籌 chou2) were used by ancient Chinese before the invention of the abacus.
		The counting rods could be used for a wide range of calculations, including finding Pi and solving system of linear equations.
		For example, the science of using counting rods 運籌學 is not about the counting rods: it means operational research!
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/co/Counting_rods (249 words)

	Chinese abacus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Unlike the simple counting board used in elementary schools, very efficient suanpan techniques have been developed to do multiplication, division, addition, subtraction, square root and cube root operations at high speed.
		Another possible source of the Chinese abacus is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of a zero as a place holder.
		Since each rod represents a digit in a decimal number, the computation capacity of the abacus is only limited by the number of rods on the abacus.
	encyclopedia.vestigatio.com /Chinese_abacus (1374 words)

	Chinese Numbers
		These number rods were typically 0.1" in diameter and 6" long, quite plain, with no numbers or characters written on them, and carried in a bag with the person.
		When these rods were used, no counting-board was necessary, since the successive powers of 10 were separated by the orientation of the rods laid down.
		Originally, the numbers from 1 to 5 were denoted by the corresponding number of rods laid side-by-side horizontally, and the numbers from 6 to 9 with one rod vertical, the rest horizontal, as shown in the first column of the figure.
	mysite.du.edu /~jcalvert/math/chinum.htm (1410 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		Yang Hui (Pascal's) triangle, as depicted by Zhu Shijie in 1303, using rod numerals.
		The counting rods () were used by ancient Chinese before the invention of the abacus.
		The counting rods could be used for a wide range of calculations, including finding the value of Ï and solving a system of linear equations.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Rod_numerals (275 words)

	Abacus Summary
		The earliest counting boards, dating to the ancient Greek and Roman period, have not survived due to the ephemeral materials used in their construction; these earliest counting boards probably consisted of lines drawn in the sand and small pebbles placed within those lines.
		When a bead is "counted off" as part of a calculation, it is moved from the origin (i.e., its position away from the beam, whether at the top of the upper deck or the bottom of the lower deck) into position against the beam.
		After 5 beads are counted in the lower deck, the result is "carried" to the upper deck; after both beads in the upper deck are counted, the result (10) is then carried to the next column over on the lower deck (next-highest digit).
	www.bookrags.com /Abacus (6686 words)

	Counting Chambers
		This bright-line counting chamber allows the ruling to appear brightly illuminated providing sharp contrast to the bright lines and cells, helping the user with accurate counts and less eyestrain.
		The cell counting chamber is placed under a phase contrast optical microscope with a typical magnification of 100.
		By integrating the cover slide into the counting chamber, the Cellometer™ eliminates the mistakes that may be caused by misplacement of the cover slide or misleading of the sample- two major sources for counting errors when using the Hemacytometer.
	www.emsdiasum.com /microscopy/products/magnifier/counting.aspx?mm=16 (979 words)

	[No title]
		Counting Board: A board with squares representing from right to left, ones place, tens place, hundreds place, etc. The counting boards were used in conjunction with counting rods in the Shang numeral system to add and subtract.
		A counting board master was said to have performed computations in a flurry of waving arms as he quickly removed and replaced counting rods.
		The biggest problem with the notation from the rods was rods moving slightly from one square to another or not being placed centrally.
	www.mathsci.appstate.edu /~sjg/class/melt/jeanne.doc (3192 words)

	Chinese numerals
		Rods moving slightly along the row, or not being placed centrally in the squares, would lead to the incorrect number being represented.
		Now the Chinese counting board numbers were not just used on a counting board, although this is clearly their origin.
		Arithmetical rules for the abacus were analogous to those of the counting board (even square roots and cube roots of numbers could be calculated) but it appears that the abacus was used almost exclusively by merchants who only used the operations of addition and subtraction.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/Chinese_numerals.html (1321 words)

	Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math
		Black rods were used to form negative numbers and red rods were used to form positive numbers (today we associate negative with the color red, not with the color fl).
		The rods were carried in a pouch and placed on a counting board which had compartments corresponding to the ones place, the hundreds place, and so on.
		This means that one group of rods is used to represent 14 and another group is used to represent 36.
	mathforum.org /dr.math/problems/ruby11.9.98.html (644 words)

	Fishing Rods
		Now it's pretty obvious these rods are given to them by the manufacturers, and they either auction them off at year's end, or give them away on a regular basis, either that or each of these guys has several 40 x 80 warehouses in his backyard strictly for fishing tackle.
		All of those rods have their time and place, and were each purchased for particular needs in angling, but there are a couple that are favorites, simply because they fit the bill in just about any circumstance.
		The only thing I find less enjoyable, than a butt heavy rod, is a rod with an eighteen inch handle, because the extension of handle length is typically found behind the reel seat, thus adding weight to the butt of the rod.
	www.rtfi.us /rods.htm (1841 words)

	Chinese Numbers
		These number rods were typically 0.1" in diameter and 6" long, quite plain, with no numbers or characters written on them, and carried in a bag with the person.
		When these rods were used, no counting-board was necessary, since the successive powers of 10 were separated by the orientation of the rods laid down.
		Originally, the numbers from 1 to 5 were denoted by the corresponding number of rods laid side-by-side horizontally, and the numbers from 6 to 9 with one rod vertical, the rest horizontal, as shown in the first column of the figure.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/math/chinum.htm (1410 words)

	Counting and measuring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		People have always counted or measured their possessions in order to be able to keep them safe, while their governments have done so to be able to tax them.
		Years were counted from the rulers's accession to the throne [4].
		Dates were composed of the season, the number of the month in the season and the day of the month, in official documents generally preceded by the year of the reign, often in conjunction with the name of the ruling pharaoh.
	nefertiti.iwebland.com /people/counting_and_measuring.htm (3008 words)

	The science of mathematics is looked at with such importance in China that it is considered one of the six basic arts
		Counting rods were regarded as being approximately six Chinese inches long and one tenth of an inch in diameter (A Chinese inch ranged from 22.5mm to 33.3mm)(Yan, Shiran, 1987, p.7).
		There is no clearly defined time of when counting rods were brought into Chinese mathematics, but evidence seems to point to the first half of the Warring States (481-221 B.C.) Counting rods can be represented either horizontally or vertically.
		In a visual based calculation, as with counting rods you are able to do the calculation by looking at the physical nature of the number.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /as/students/math/math.htm (2360 words)

	Decimal
		These digits are often used with a decimal separator which indicates the start of a fractional part, and with one of the sign symbols + (positive) or â’ (negative) in front of the numerals to indicate sign.
		There are only two truly positional decimal systems in ancient civilization, the Chinese counting rods system and Hindu-Arabic numeric system, both required no more than ten symbols.
		Ten is the number which is the count of fingers and thumbs on both hands (or toes on the feet).
	www.algebra.com /algebra/homework/decimal-numbers/Decimal.wikipedia (1641 words)

	Counting
		When we count the omer, we are anticipating the holiday of Shavous and the re-enactment of receiving the Torah.
		The incredible workmanship and patience that was necessary to create this papercut stands as an everlasting memorial to the artist and the Hevrah that sought to link the counting of the omer and its faithful memory of those who have gone before.
		Day by day, one by one, as we count the omer, they are moved to the right to visually correspond with the sefirah on the gold leaf plaque behind them.
	www.richardmcbee.com /counting.htm (1171 words)

	[No title]
		Through the method of finding a side of a square or cube with the rod numeral system, the Chinese invented a notation to represent quadratic and cubic equations and were able to solve numerically a particular type of such equations.
		Naturally, these equations were not written as such, but set up with counting rods on a board.
		In the fifth (and bottom) row, under the UNITS digit of the dividend is a borrowed rod (jie suan).
	hem.passagen.se /ceem/china.htm (1180 words)

	Chinese Numerals
		These rod numbers were used on counting boards similar to a checker board with rows and columns.
		When the rod numbers were used in written manuscripts or printed documents the numbers were written as a single symbol with the horizontal and vertical strokes joined together.
		The use of these rod numbers on counting boards where the numbers were sometimes written and sometimes constructed with counting rods gave the Chinese a system for doing computations.
	www.tacomacc.edu /home/jkellerm/MATH106/EthnomathematicsText/Chapter2/ChineseNumerals.htm (979 words)

	Example of Cube Root Extraction in the Nine Chapters
		Step (ii): Move the carrying rod by steps of three places until it cannot be moved any further left.
		This carrying rod is important for it determines the value of the root.
		Finally if the rod is at the units position, it can determine the units position of the root.
	www.math.sfu.ca /histmath/China/1stCenturyAD/NineCuEx.html (924 words)

	[No title]
		Indeed, the evolution and development of counting rod numerals continued for about 3000 years in China, from 14 century BC to 13th century AD.
		The abacus is perhaps the best known counting board, but it was only developed around the 15th century.
		Two types of rods were used, red and fl or positive and negative, representing Yin and Yang.
	www.gewis.nl /gewis/commissies/buex2001/wiskunde.html (658 words)

	Chinese Rods - Systems of Equations
		Bamboo rods were used to represent the numbers.
		The rods were manipulated in the same way as today's matrices are solved.
		For this activity, we will be solving systems of equations which are initially represented with counting rods.
	mathbits.com /MathBits/TeacherResources/Algebra1/ChineseRods.htm (93 words)

	The Abacus: A Brief History
		The counting board is a piece of wood, stone or metal with carved grooves or painted lines between which beads, pebbles or metal discs were moved.
		Both the abacus and the counting board are mechanical aids used for counting; they are not calculators in the sense we use the word today.
		On each rod, this classic Chinese abacus has 2 beads on the upper deck and 5 on the lower deck; such an abacus is also referred to as a 2/5 abacus.
	www.ee.ryerson.ca /~elf/abacus/history.html (1258 words)

	Cuisenaire Rods
		Cuisenaire rods are a collection of rectangular rods in 10 lengths and 10 colors, each color corresponding to a different length.
		Our son, in particular, loved building with the rods (and blocks, and Legos....) It was a nice way for them to become comfortable with the rods.
		Young children can use the book to learn rod colors, to count, to become more acquainted with letters of the alphabet, and to develop space-filling ability.
	www.fun-books.com /books/cuisenaire_rods.htm (582 words)

	Place Value
		Ask the students, "How many white rods does it take to make one orange rod?" Then, say to the students, "We're going to call the orange rod the ten rod and the white rod the one rod." Draw on the board a place value chart.
		Ask, "How many rods are placed on the projector?" Once the answer is given, ask "How many ten's rods are there?" Write that answer in the ten's place on the place value chart.
		Tell the students to place the correct number of rods on their chart in the correct position as you give them a number.
	www.iit.edu /~smile/ma9013.html (331 words)

	Tens Rods In Math
		If you have an overhead, use rods and units to show the children both...
		Cuisenaire Rods: Space, Color, and Mathe - The Cuisenaire Rods are an especially valuable tool for any student with math...
		Rod Numerals (Counting Rods) - Rod numerals (Counting Rods) are short rods (approximately 10 cm in length) were...
	www.fishing-nfo.com /tens-rods-in-math.html (410 words)

	Airrus Ultra XL Rod Review
		Of all of AiRRUS's rods thus far the Ultra XL looks and feels the most like a custom rod, this is mainly due to the eye-catching split grip design.
		Filament winding is used in the lower section of the rod to provide a stronger hookset, and a proprietary multi-modulus tip is designed to deliver superior lure presentation.
		It is much easier to balance the rod with any reel with the longer butt, and this is the right configuration for any angler that prefers making two handed casts.
	www.rodsbyairrus.com /reviews/tackletour_reviewairrusultraxl.html (935 words)

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