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Topic: Counts and dukes of Angouleme

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	Dukes of Orleans - LoveToKnow 1911
		The second duke of Orleans, created in 1392, was Louis, a younger son of Charles V., whose heir was his son, the poet Charles of Orleans.
		Two distinguished families are descended from the first house of Orleans: the counts of Angouleme, who were descended from John, a son of Duke Louis I., and who furnished France with a king in the person of Francis I.; and the counts.
		and dukes of Longueville, whose founder was John, count of Dunois, the bastard of Orleans, a natural son of the same duke.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Dukes_of_Orleans (269 words)

	Duke
		In the United Kingdom, the current royal dukes are HRH the Prince of Wales, who is Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay; HRH the Duke of Edinburgh (Prince Philip), HRH the Duke of York (Prince Andrew), HRH the Duke of Gloucester (Prince Richard), and HRH the Duke of Kent (Prince Edward).
		For example, when the current Duke of Gloucester and Duke of Kent are succeeded by their eldest sons, the Earl of Ulster and the Earl of St. Andrews, respectively, those peerages (or rather, the 1928 and 1934 creations of them) will cease to be associated with royalty.
		The heir apparent to the Belgian throne is styled Duke of Brabant.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/d/du/duke.html (998 words)

	Europe - List Of State Leaders In 1091
		Saxony - Magnus, Duke of Saxony Magnus, Rulers of Saxony Duke of Saxony (1072- 1106)
		Swabia - Frederick I, Duke of Swabia Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1079- 1105)
		Württemberg - Conrad I of Württemberg Conrad I, Rulers of Württemberg Count of Württemberg (1089- 1122)
	mywebpage.netscape.com /AAS2946/list-of-state-leaders-in-1091/europe.html (965 words)

	Counts and dukes of Valois - LoveToKnow 1911
		From the 10th to the 12th century it was owned by the counts of Vermandois and of Vexin; but on the death of Eleanor, sister and heiress of Count Raoul V. (d.
		Sixteen years later Valois was granted to Philip's son, Philip, duke of Orleans; then passing with the duchy of Orleans in 1392 to Louis (d.
		These are: (1) the direct line, beginning with Philip VI., which reigned from 1328 to 1498; (2) the Orleans branch, descended from Louis, duke of Orleans, a son of Charles V., from 1498 to 1515; (3) the Angouleme branch, descendants of John, another son of the same duke, from 1515 to 1589.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Counts_and_dukes_of_Valois (395 words)

	charles
		Duke Hunald, wanting the kingdom for himself, roused the noblest and most powerful men of the region to begin a new war against the new king, and the king assembled his army and attacked him vigorously.
		Duke Lupus, very much afraid of the king, sent duke Hunald to him, together with his wife and children, saying that he was completely prepared to obey and to carry out all of the king's orders.
		Count Theodoric had the French pitch their tents on the other side, and the ministers of the king led their army across the Weser, and set up camp on the other side, to cover both sides of the mountain.
	www.bu.edu /english/levine/charles.htm (14939 words)

	The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718-1050
		This family was allied to the earlier lords of the region, for a sister of Count William of Périgord, Santia, married Ademar, count of Poitou, mentioned earlier.
		A third family is one descended from a certain Rannoux, himself a son of Count Gerald of Auvergne, to whom in 838 Louis the Pious gave the county of Poitou.
		The dukes of Gascony were of Gascon origin, the counts of Carcassonne, Ampurias, and Barcelona were Gothic, the counts of Melgeuil, Toulouse, Auvergne, Angoulême, and Poitou, and the kings of Provence-Burgundy were Frankish, the counts of Pallars and Ribagorça were Hispano-Basque, and the counts of Périgord were either Frankish or Gallo-Roman.
	libro.uca.edu /lewis/sfc6.htm (8518 words)

	Counts and dukes of Angoulême - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under Charlemagne's successors, the local count of Angoulême was independent and was not united with the French crown until 1307.
		By the terms of the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Angoumois, then ruled by the counts of Angoulême, was ceded as English territory to Edward III.
		In 1371 it became a fief of the dukes of Berry, a cadet line of the French royal family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Counts_and_dukes_of_Angouleme (175 words)

	The Shire of Vanished Wood
		Duke Rollo had for advisers the French bishops, whom he had established in his dominions; and they instructed him in all the laws and habits then prevalent in France, which they were naturally anxious that he should adopt, in preference to the rude and pagan manners of his native land.
		A duke of Franconia, a duke of Saxony, were raised successively to the imperial throne; and their example emboldened the family of Hugh Capet to usurp the place of the dwindled Carlovingians of France.
		Duke and baron and chevalier had usurped their lands, seized churches and convents, and appropriated to themselves the right of presentation at least, which they sold or bartered when one of their own family did not hold the benefice.
	www.vanishedwood.org /castle/library/book.php?id=HistoryOfFrance (22839 words)

	Angouleme - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		The countship of Angoulême dated from the 9th century, the most important of the early counts being William Taillefer, whose descendants held the title till the end of the 12th century.
		Withdrawn from them on more than one occasion by Richard Coeur-de-Lion, it passed to King John of England on his marriage with Isabel, daughter of Count Adhémar, and by her subsequent marriage in 1220 to Hugh X passed to the Lusignan family, counts of Marche.
		The last duke was Louis-Antoine, eldest son of Charles X, who died in 1844.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php/Angouleme (700 words)

	The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718-1050
		With the assistance of the counts of the High Alps and the viscounts of Marseille and Fos, he drove the Moslems from Fraxinetum and reorganized disorderly regions east of the Rhone to create, almost single-handedly, a large, well-organized duchy, marquisate, or county of Provence.
		By 975 this family, which was descended from Count Miró, the brother of Count Guifred, and who were cousins of the House of Barcelona, had begun to consolidate their authority over their part of Catalonia.
		Soon after 1050, Raymond of Saint-Gilles, the younger son of Count Pons and Almodis, was to build upon this prestige and such possessions to create a true principality in Languedoc, one that could match in power those which had already been formed by the counts of Barcelona and the dukes of Aquitaine.
	libro.uca.edu /lewis/sfc17.htm (9147 words)

	Dukes of Orleans - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The second duke of Orleans, created in 1392, was Louis, a younger son of Charles V., whose heir was his son, the poet Charles of Orleans.
		Two distinguished families are descended from the first house of Orleans: the counts of Angouleme, who were descended from John, a son of Duke Louis I., and who furnished France with a king in the person of Francis I.; and the counts.
		and dukes of Longueville, whose founder was John, count of Dunois, the bastard of Orleans, a natural son of the same duke.
	www.1911ency.org /Dukes_of_Orleans (295 words)

	FRANCIA
		The Dukes of Savoy, beginning with a county in Burgundy, acquired more land and a capital (Turin) in Italy, named their new Kingdom after Sardinia and ultimately succeeded as the modern Kings of Italy.
		In 1349 Count Humbert II (d.1355), the "Dauphin," simply sold the territory to the grandson of Philip VI, the prince who would later become Charles V. Thus, Charles became the first "Dauphin" of France, and as he was the Crown Prince from 1350-1364, this now became the traditional title of the Heir Apparent of France.
		A memorable example of Napoleon's ruthlessness was his kidnapping and execution of the Duke of Enghien, the heir of the Bourbon House of Condé.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (14108 words)

	COUNTS AND DUKES OF VA... - Online Information article about COUNTS AND DUKES OF VA...
		dukes of Orleans until Duke Louis became king of France as Louis XII.
		John, another son of the same duke, from 1515 to 1589.
		Alencon, descendants of Charles, a younger son of Charles I., count of Valois; the dukes of See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TUM_VAN/VALOIS_COUNTS_AND_DUKES_OF.html (673 words)

	Europe - List Of State Leaders In 1093
		Boulogne - Eustace III of Boulogne Eustace III, Count of Boulogne (1093- 1125)
		William IV of Toulouse William IV, Counts of Toulouse Count of Toulouse (c.
		Raymond IV of Toulouse Raymond IV, Counts of Toulouse Count of Toulouse (c.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /AAS3381/list-of-state-leaders-in-1093/europe.html (1045 words)

	Comital - ikiW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A count is a nobleman in most European countries, equivalent in rank to a British earl, whose wife is also still a "countess" (for lack of an Anglo-Saxon term).
		The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin comes— in its accusative comitem— meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor".
		Alternative "Count" status are used in other countries with different names such as during the Empire of Japan.
	comital.ikiw.net /en/Comital (98 words)

	Titles of European hereditary rulers
		some of the counts palatine were sent to various parts of his empire to act as judges and governors, the districts ruled by them being called palatinates.
		Although the German central government restricted their authority, kings, dukes, and princes preserved a great deal of autonomy in the local affairs until the time of the November Revolution of 1918, which deposed all of them.
		With the restoration of the royal authority, the French dukes, counts, and other feudal lords gradually lost their independence (they retained some autonomy only until the 16th century).
	www.geocities.com /eurprin (2007 words)

	Entire Family - pafg122 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		The duke of Bavaria nominally owed allegiance to the king of the Franks, but in reality the Bavarian dukes had long gone their own way and obeyed no one.
		Above the counts were the provincial governors, whose duty it was to govern the principal divisions of the realm.
		Not all counts reported to a duke; some regions a duke ruled directly, with no counts under him; some regions were ruled by Charles directly and were known as royal lands.
	www.fortunecity.com /millenium/sat/426/ged/entire1/pafg122.htm (6240 words)

	Europe's 13th-Century Progress by Sanderson Beck
		In 1246 a league of barons led by the duke of Burgundy and the counts of Brittany, Angouleme, and St. Pol limited ecclesiastical courts to cases of usury, heresy, and marriage, and many barons continued to enforce this even though Pope Innocent IV denounced the league.
		Philip gained allies by granting money-fiefs to the count of Luxembourg, the dauphin of Vienne, the bishop of Metz, the count of Holland, and the count of Hainault.
		Hostility between Bohemia and Austria paused during the Mongol invasion as the Duke of Silesia was defeated by the Tartars at Liegnitz in 1241.
	www.san.beck.org /AB21-Europe13thCentury.html (23696 words)

	Langued'oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Counts of Anjou were noted for their ferocity and avariciousness, and thus have had a much larger impact on the development of France and Europe in general than the size of this quite small region southwest of Normandy would imply.
		Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, was a son of Richard I, Count of Rouen (often styled Duke of Normandy), and thus a member of the House which eventually conquered England - William the Conqueror was his grand-nephew.
		The district is well-known for its association with the Guise branch of the Ducal house of Lorraine - Dukes of Guise were, in the 16th century, among the most influential men in France and were the primary foes of the Huguenot movement in France.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Languedoil.html (2903 words)

	ANGOULEME - Online Information article about ANGOULEME
		counts of Angouleme, on the site of which it is built.
		Angouleme is the seat of a See also:
		Lievre, Angouleme: histoire, institutions et monuments (Angouleme, 1885).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ANC_APO/ANGOULEME.html (1008 words)

	Nobility and Titles in France
		A count (Latin comes, literally "companion") was an appointee of the king governing a city and its immediate surroundings, or else a high-ranking official in the king's immediate entourage (the latter called "palace counts" or "counts Palatine").
		A marquis was a count who was also the governor of a "march", a region at the boundaries of the kingdom that needed particular protection against foreign incursions (margrave in German).
		Oftentimes a land on which a pre-existing title existed (say, count) was elevated to a higher title, such as duke; upon extinction of the ducal title, the land reverted to being a county.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/noblesse.htm (8886 words)

	sociology - Duke
		In the United Kingdom, a royal duke is a duke who is a member of the British Royal Family, entitled to the style of Royal Highness.
		The Germanic Franks converted, under Roman influence, the Germanic concept of Herzog (literally: "war-leader", commonly translated as "duke"), the temporarily elected general for a major expedition of warfare, into military governors for units of up to a dozen counties.
		Although since the unification of Italy in the 1870, there have no longer been any sovereign duchies— Luxembourg is a grand duchy— sovereign dukes of Parma and Modena in Italy, and of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Anhalt, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Altenburg in Germany survived Napoleon's reorganization.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Duke (997 words)

	Langued'oc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		William was a younger son of Sancho Mitarra, Duke of Gascony.
		Dukes of Gascony under the Carolingians and successors...
		From the 12th century, nearly all the Counts utilized the name "Dauphin" as part of their names, and by the 14th century, it had assumed the status of a title.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Languedoc.html (2348 words)

	file:///C:/HYW/Hywnotes.txt
		By the 12th century, the counts of Anjou were among the most powerful nobles in France, and under Geoffrey Plantagenet (so named from the use of a sprig of greenery as a symbol), married into English royalty, while other prominent angevins eventually acquired the thrones of Arles and Naples.
		A line of counts was firmly established by the 11th century, and in the 12th the county grew considerably, constituting as it did a major frontier zone against the power of England's Henry II, who in that age ruled more than half of France.
		A line of counts established in the 9th century brought the province enromous power and influence, but the rise of commerce and industry in the main cities have made the burgers restive, and both royal and comital authority has frequently been challenged.
	www.hyw.com /downloads/hywnotes.txt (18890 words)

	Destination Weddings in Poitou-Charentes
		From the 10th to the 12th century the counts of Poitou and the dukes of Aquitaine helped to strengthen the importance of the city of Poitiers until 1152 when Eleanor of Aquitaine married Henry II and the region came under English control.
		The city’s rich history can be seen in the Roman baths and amphitheatres, the Baptistery of Saint Jean (4th to 12th century) and the palace of the counts of Poitou.
		It was conquered by Clovis, king of the Franks, in the year 507 and was later the seat of the counts of Angoulême in the 9th century.
	www.weddingsinfrance.com /destination_wedding_locations/poitou_charentes.html (738 words)

	Poitou-Charente, France
		From the 10th to the mid-12th century, the counts of Poitou were also the dukes of AQUITAINE, and the city of Poitiers grew in importance.
		Angoulême was taken by Clovis, king of the Franks, in AD 507 and became the seat of the counts of Angoulême in the 9th century.
		Occupied since prehistory, Poitiers was called Limonum by the Romans, and in the Middle Ages it became the capital of the historic region of Poitou.
	www.discoverfrance.net /France/Provinces/Poitou-Charentes.shtml (584 words)

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