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	Antoine Augustin Cournot - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Antoine Augustin Cournot (28 August 1801‑ 31 March 1877) was a French philosopher and mathematician.
		Antoine Augustin Cournot was born at Gray, Haute-Saone.
		Cournot is also credited to be one of the sources of inspiration for Leon Walras and his equilibrium theory.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /antoine_augustin_cournot.htm (368 words)

	Augustin Cournot
		Cournot mathematically derives a deterministic solution as the quantities chosen by the rival producers are in accordance with each other's anticipated reactions.
		Cournot tries to prove that there are conditions where the opening of trade will lead to a decline in the quantity of the good and lower revenue.
		Cournot's influence on modern theory continues unabated, having been given a particular boost in the attempt to develop non-cooperative foundations for Walrasian general equilibrium theory (e.g.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/cournot.htm (2345 words)

	Economics Interactive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The life of Antoine Augustin Cournot was testimony to Andrew Carnegie's assertion, “It does not pay to pioneer.” This genius of economics and philosophy was born into a family of French farmers who had tilled the same land for almost 300 years.
		Cournot's procedure is now commonplace, but before 1838 there was no formal theory of profit maximization.
		Recognition of the profundity of Cournot's work was obstructed by his contemporaries' discomfort with mathematics, a problem made worse because gradual deterioration of his eyesight impaired the accuracy of his mathematical notation.
	www.unc.edu /~rbyrns/HET/Pioneers/cournot.htm (512 words)

	Conjectural Variations
		Cournot's model was the first conjectural variation model (and first oligopoly model).
		In Cournot's original story, a firm makes one of the simplest possible assumptions about the behavior of other firms: other firms continue to produce the same level of output no matter how it behaves.
		That is, a Cournot firm conjectures that the other firm will not change its output in response to a change in its own output level.
	wps.aw.com /aw_carltonper_modernio_4/0,9313,1424970-content,00.html (1068 words)

	COURNOT - LoveToKnow Article on COURNOT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cournot was the first who, with a competent knowledge of both subjects, endeavoured to apply mathematics to the treatment of economic questions.
		He mentions in it only one previous enterprise of the same kind (though there had in fact been others)that, namely, of Nicholas Francois Canard (c.1750-1833),whose book, Principes ddconomie politique (Paris, 1802),, was crowned by the French Academy, though its principles were radically false as well as erroneously applied.
		The truth seems to be that his results are in some cases of little importance, in others of questionable correctness,- and that, in the abstractions to which he has recourse in order to facilitate F~s calculations, an essential part of the real conditions of the problem is sometimes omitted.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CO/COURNOT.htm (333 words)

	Cournot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cournot remained in Paris and, along with his fellow student Dirichlet, was taught mathematics at the Sorbonne by Lacroix and Hachette.
		Poisson was impressed with Cournot and, in 1833, he obtained a position for him with the
		Again with Poisson's recommendation, Cournot was appointed to a newly created chair in analysis at Lyon in 1834.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Cournot.html (539 words)

	Cournot-Bertrand Paper
		Cournot arrived at the equilibrium criticized by Bertrand by assuming that each rival took the other rivals' quantities as given and then put what would be its profit maximizing quantity on the market.
		All page citations for Cournot will be for this volume.) For the duopoly case, Cournot plotted the resulting equations in rectangular coordinates and pointed out that it is evident that an equilibrium can only be established where the curves intersect [Cournot, p.
		Thus the derivation of figure 7 is identical with the derivation of the modern theory of differentiated oligopoly.
	www.indiana.edu /~econweb/faculty/morrpap1.html (1219 words)

	Cournot Equilibrium in Factor Markets
		Cournot studies equilibrium when each duopolist believes the other's quantity choice is invariant to his own action.
		Cournot also studied the case of dupolists producing perfect complements, copper and zinc, which are used in fixed proportions to produce brass.
		This paper unifies Cournot's two theories of duopoly as special cases of a more general technology and discusses the existence of Cournot equilibrium in price and quantity in general.
	repositories.cdlib.org /ucsbecon/bergstrom/1978A (188 words)

	Dimand-Dore on Cournot-Bertrand: A Reply and More
		It also reiterates the proposition that Cournot treated both quantity and price rivalry and that Cournot was clearly aware of the symmetry between quantity conjectures and price conjectures in 1838.
		Robert Dimand and Mohammed Dore [1992] are to be commended for their efforts in publicizing the fact that Cournot's 1838 masterpiece was favorably reviewed on this side of the Atlantic (by John Cherriman [1857] of the University of Toronto) before it was so reviewed in Europe.
		It is true that Cournot used the inverse derivative rule to shift from quantity derivatives to price derivatives, but he did so for a reason other than the one attributed to him by Magnan de Bornier.
	www.iaes.org /journal/aej/sept_99/morrison/morrison.htm (2120 words)

	Origin of the Idea
		As part of his marginal analysis, Cournot was the first economist to apply mathematics to economic theory.
		In developing his theory of monopoly, Cournot was also the first to articulate the familiar MR=MC rule for profit-maximizing firms.
		Modern monopoly theory incorporates increasing marginal costs in the standard model, but Cournot's mathematical specifications of demand and marginal revenue are precisely those reflected in the textbook's model.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0072875615/student_view0/chapter11/origin_of_the_idea.html (1596 words)

	Dr. Huenneke's Almanac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cournot is not the first person who ever thought of how demand and supply set a price, but he is the first person who considered that demand and supply could be expressed as mathematical functions.
		Cournot's famous work on economics is entitled Researches Into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth (1838).
		Cournot declared that when it came to economic value, there is no such thing as absolute value, only relative value.
	www.minotstateu.edu /econ/almanac/al011604.html (869 words)

	Cournot's duopoly model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(The name of Cournot, who wrote in the early 19th century, is associated with this model, though his analysis is a little different from the modern one.)
		An implication is that, as for a monopoly, the Nash equilibrium outcome in a Cournot duopoly is not Pareto efficient.
		Examples and exercises on comparisons of the Nash equilibrium of Cournot's model, the competitive output, and the monopoly output
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~osborne/2x3/tutorial/COURNOT.HTM (1233 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 88007261 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Celebrating the 150th anniversary of Cournot's work, which Mark Blaug has characterized as "..a book that for sheer originality and boldness of conception has no equal in the history of economics thought," this volume focuses on the properties and uses of Cournot's model of competition among the few.
		While there are many issues that Cournot explored in researches into the mathematical principles of the theory of wealth, the topic that he is most readily associated with--and which now is also enjoying a revival--is his model of oligopolistic interaction among firms.
		This revivial of interest in Cournot's model is due largely to increased emphasis by economists on capturing elements of imperfect competition and strategic behavior.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam023/88007261.html (178 words)

	OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Cournot (Nash) Equilibrium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Cournot model of oligopoly assumes that rival firms produce a homogenous product, and each attempts to maximize profits by choosing how much to produce.
		The basic Cournot assumption is that each firm chooses its quantity, taking as given the quantity of its rivals.
		The Cournot model provides results which are of some importance to industrial economics.
	cs3-hq.oecd.org /scripts/stats/glossary/detail.asp?ID=3183 (270 words)

	Augustin Cournot/Contributions II/English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He outlined what has come to be known as the coefficient of cooperation approach, proposing to investigate a market in which each firm maximized a weighted average of its own profit and the profit of other firms.
		It is by dint of this criticism that Bertrand is remembered as the progenitor of models of price-setting oligopoly, the carnival-mirror clone of Cournot's model of quantity-setting duopoly.
		This line of thought was taken up by Bowley (1924), among others, who generalized Cournot's with the idea of conjectural variations, parameters introduced into the Cournot model to describe the reaction (not necessarily zero, as with Cournot) each firm expects from rivals when it changes output.
	www.mgmt.purdue.edu /faculty/smartin/ioep/accon2en.htm (304 words)

	Cournot Competition between Teams: An Experimental Study (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract: In the economic literature on market competition, firms are often modeled as single decision makers and the internal organization of the firm is neglected (unitary player assumption).
		However, as the literature on strategic delegation suggests, one can not generally expect that teams behave equivalently to individuals in Cournot competition.
		Nevertheless, there are models of team-organization such that teams and individuals are behaviorally equivalent in Cournot oligopoly providing a...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /raab04cournot.html (498 words)

	Antoine Augustin Cournot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This book was not very successful during Cournot’s lifetime, and he did try to rewrite it twice.
		Today many economists believe this book to be the point of departure for modern economic analysis.
		This page was last modified 01:14, 16 May 2005.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Cournot (397 words)

	Cournot
		Nous préférons comprendre cette date comme une invitation à interroger l'actualité de la pensée de Cournot, dans les différentes directions qu'elle a explorées, mathématiques, philosophiques, économique, historique et pédagogique.
		Mais, réciproquement, les champs de connaissances précédents, comme aussi les pratiques qu'elles éclairent et/ou rendent possibles, se sont modifiés au cours de ce dernier quart de siècle, et permettent alors d'appréhender la pensée de Cournot sous un jour renouvelé.
		Se gardant de tout dogmatisme simplificateur et unilatéral, la pensée de Cournot ne se réduit pas à une doctrine figée en des formules illusoirement définitives.
	slhs.univ-fcomte.fr /rech/philolab/Colloques/Cournot.html (447 words)

	EconPapers: Optimal Pollution Tax in Cournot Oligopsonistic Oligopoly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Okuguchi(1998,2000) has analyzed Cournot oligopoly under the condition of imperfectly competitive factor markets,i.e.Cournot oligopsonistic oligopoly.
		A general finding is that the optimal pollution tax rate may be higher,lower or equal to the marginal value of the environmental damage.
		In this paper I will derive a general formula for the optimal pollution tax within Cournot oligopsonistic oligopoly where both product and factor markets are imperfectly competitive.
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/ecmausm04/29.htm (304 words)

	Imitators and Optimizers in Symmetric n-Firm Cournot Oligopoly - Burkhard (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract: I present a formal model of symmetric n-firm Cournot oligopoly with a heterogeneous population of profit optimizers and imitators.
		Schipper (2001) showed that a heterogeneous population of imitating and optimizing firms 1 leads to a set of states where imitators are...
		1 Are Cournot and Bertrand equilibria evolutionary stable stra..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /schipper02imitators.html (1169 words)

	Augustin Cournot/Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cournot, Augustin Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth.
		Ekelund, Robert B. and Hébert, Robert F. "Cournot and his contemporaries: is an obituary the only bad review?" Southern Economic Journal Volume 57, Number 1, July 1990, pp.
		Shubik, Martin "Cournot," in Eatwell, John, Milgate, Murray, and Newman, Peter, editors, The New Palgrave, Volume 1, pp.
	www.mgmt.purdue.edu /faculty/smartin/ioep/aclineng.htm (278 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Monopsony in American Labor Markets
		The latter situation, called the Cournot model, implies that an individual employer that cuts wages cannot lose all its employees to its rivals, because those rivals cannot absorb additional employees quickly.
		Both collusion and the Cournot model imply that the greater the concentration of employment in a small number of employers, the lower the wage and the higher the rate of exploitation, holding determinants of labor demand and labor supply constant.
		If employers differ by location or by working conditions, workers may not treat them as "perfect substitutes." An employer that cuts wages might lose some workers but not all.
	www.eh.net /encyclopedia/?article=boal.monopsony (3315 words)

	J.L.F. Bertrand
		He also disputed the utility-maximization hypothesis, arguing that merchants were mainly interested in money profits, not utility.
		He argued that Cournot's work deserved to be neglected because its algebraic argument was faulty and that, as a result, Cournot had reached the wrong conclusions on questions like the incidence of tax on monopoly price, the determinacy of duopoly price and the effects of free trade.
		On the constructive side, Bertrand (1883) "reworked" the Cournot duopoly model with prices, rather than quantities, as the strategic variables.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/bertrand.htm (475 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net
		'''Antoine Augustin Cournot''' (28 August 1801‑ 31 March 1877) was a French people French philosopher and mathematician.
		- "Cournot, Antoine Augustin (1801-1877)" 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica Category:1801 births Cournot, Antoine Augustin Category:1877 deaths Cournot, Antoine Augustin Category:French philosophers Cournot Category:French mathematicians Cournot, Antoine Augustin Category:19th century mathematicians Cournot, Antoine Augustin Category:French economists Cournot, Antoine Augustin de:Antoine-Augustin Cournot fr:Antoine Cournot nl:Antoine Cournot ja:アントワーヌ・オーギュスタン・クールノー
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Antoine Augustin Cournot.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Antoine_Augustin_Cournot.html (457 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Compared to the previous Cournot model, the cost functions of the two-stage model are given by C(q1, K1) + F(K1) and C(q2, K2) + F(K2), C(.) is, in effect, variable cost and K1 and K2 act like parameters.
		F(K1) is the cost of capital and it includes the cost of doing business in a foreign country.
		The collusive solution and the Nash bargaining solution are similar to those given in the previous Cournot topic.
	www.econ.utah.edu /gander/ecnbng10.html (248 words)

	Reconsidering Cournot: The Cournot Equilibrium is Consistent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In particular, the Cournot equilibrium is shown to be consistent in the usual sense of the literature.
		The conflict between notions of consistent conjectures and the Cournot equilibrium results from a compounding problem inherent in the earlier models.
		Alternatively, the article can be viewed as providing a purely static model that generates the Cournot equilibrium without reference to conjectures or quasi dynamics.
	www.rje.org /abstracts/abstracts/1985/Autumn_1985._pp._368_379.html (132 words)

	Cournot, Antoine-Augustin -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Cournot was the first economist who, with competent knowledge of both subjects, endeavoured to apply mathematics to the treatment of economics.
		"Cournot, Antoine-Augustin." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
		More results on "Cournot, Antoine-Augustin" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9026600 (699 words)

	EconPapers: Intertemporal Cournot and Walras Equilibrium: An Illustration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Cournot agents trade and invest less than the Walras agents.
		This generates an ineffciency which does not vanish as the number of Cournot agents tends to infinity.
		A larger number of strategic Cournot agents implies that the amount of trade (relative to their aggregate consumption) increases (i.e., moving towards the Walrasian amount), but their investment (relative to the stock) decreases (i.e., moving away from the Walrasian amount).
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/wopastewp/9713.htm (223 words)

	SSRN-Cournot Competition in a Two-Dimensional Circular City by Maria Berenguer Maldonado, Santiago Carbo Valverde, ...
		In this paper we develop a Cournot competition model between two firms located in a two-dimensional circular city.
		This city consists of a circumference and all the points in its interior for which movement between any two points can be made in a straight line.
		We show that there exists a single state of equilibrium in which the firms agglomerate in the centre of the circle.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=644543 (214 words)

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