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Topic: Covalent bond

Related Topics

Covalent

Double bond

Bond dissociation energy

Coordinate covalent bond

Pi bonding molecular orbital

Ionic bond

Chemical bond

Valence bond theory

Ionic bond

Metallic bond

Hydrogen bond

Chemical bond

Peptide bond

Delocalised electron

Disulfide bond

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	Covalent bond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon in a molecule of methane.
		Covalent bonding is an intramolecular form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two components, producing a mutual attraction that holds the resultant molecule together.
		Pure covalent bonds (which are usually non-soluble, are electrically non-conductive, and tend to exist as individual molecules), and ionic bonds (which are soluble, are electrically conductive when molten or in solution, and, in general, tend to exist in a crystalline form) are on two opposite ends of the spectrum and have different properties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Covalent_bond (1274 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Covalent bond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction, which holds the resultant molecule together.
		Covalent bonds are more common between non-metals, whereas ionic bonding is more common between a metal atom and a non-metal atom.
		An example of a double bond is nitrous acid (between N and O), and an example of a triple bond is in hydrogen cyanide (between C and N).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Covalent-bond (3078 words)

	Covalent bond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons, by two atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction; atoms tend to share electrons, so as to fill their outer electron shells.
		Covalent bonding most frequently occurs between atoms with similar electronegativities, where neither atom can provide sufficient energy to completely remove an electron from the other atom.
		Covalent bonds are more common between non-metals, whereas ionic bonding is more common between two metal atoms or a metal and a non-metal atom.
	www.webstercc.com /encyclopedia/en/wikipedia/c/co/covalent_bond.html (896 words)

	Coordinate covalent bond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A coordinate covalent bond (also known as dative covalent bond) is a special type of covalent bond in which the shared electrons come from one of the atoms only.
		Coordinate covalent bonds are formed when a Lewis base (an electron donor or giver) donates a pair of electrons to a Lewis acid (an electron accepter) and the resultant compound is then called an adduct (a compound formed by the addition reaction between two molecules).
		Coordinate bonds can be found in many different substances, such as in simple molecules like carbon monoxide (CO), which contains one coordinate bond and two normal covalent bonds between the carbon atom and the oxygen atom, or the ammonium ion (NH), where a coordinate bond is formed between a proton (a H
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coordinate_covalent_bond (434 words)

	Chemical Bonds
		Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms, in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds.
		Covalent bonds in which the sharing of the electron pair is unequal, with the electrons spending more time around the more nonmetallic atom, are called polar covalent bonds.
		Hydrogen bonding differs from other uses of the word "bond" since it is a force of attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and a small atom of high electronegativity in another molecule.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/chemical/bond.html (698 words)

	The Covalent Bond
		A single covalent bond is a bond in which two atoms are held together by sharing two electrons.
		Covalent bonds form between atoms when ionic or metallic bonding is unlikely because the gain or loss of electrons requires large amounts of energy.
		A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally is called a polar covalent bond; one atom acquires a partial negative charge (d -) and the other acquires a partial positive charge (d +).
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Chemistry/Inorganicchemistry/Informationbonding/CovalentBond/CovalentBond.htm (727 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Metallic bonding, as with covalent bonding is non-polar, in that
		The bond in a homonuclear diatomic molecule is non polar and fully covalent.
		The RNA coil is a nucleic acid structure consisting of a string of covalently-bound nucleotides.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Covalent-bond.htm (192 words)

	Duran: Chapter Eleven Covalent Bonds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Covalent bonds result in a net strong attraction between the bonding atoms.
		As discussed in lecture true nonpolar covalent bonds only form when diatomic molecules are formed from 2 identical atoms; otherwise polar covalent bonds form.
		These classification schemes are useful in predicting the type of bonding which is likely to occur in a given pair of bonding atoms.
	www.chem.ufl.edu /~chm2040/Notes/Chapter_11/covalent.html (614 words)

	Covalent Bond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Covalent bonds are formed as a result of the sharing of one or more pairs of bonding electrons.
		The dash is symbolic of the bonding pair.
		Such a bond is referred to as a "polar bond".
	members.aol.com /profchm/covalent.html (421 words)

	Notes on Covalent Bonding
		Covalent bonds: formed from sharing of two electrons, usually one donated from each of the two bonding atoms.
		One of the simplest bonds is between hydrogen and chlorine.
		Carbon atoms will always have 4 bonds, either as 4 separate single bonds, or a combination of single, double and/or triple bonds so that there are 4 pairs of electrons around each carbon atom in the molecule.
	www.chem.vt.edu /RVGS/ACT/notes/Covalent_Bonding.html (591 words)

	Covalent Bond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The process creates a permanent, chemical covalent bond between the film and adhesive while retaining the full transparency of the film.
		A covalent bond between an individual pentacene molecule and a gold atom was formed by means of single-molecule chemistry inside a scanning tunneling...
		Bonds of order 6 have also been observed in transition metals in the gaseous phase.
	www.wikiverse.org /covalent-bond (1027 words)

	Covalent bonding and Dative Covalent bonding
		A covalent bond involves a balance between attraction and repulsion.
		Ionic bonding generally occurs between elements with a large difference between their electronegativities, eg a metal and a non-metal.
		Covalent bonding is about two atoms sharing electrons to gain a full octet (or greater).
	www.webchem.net /notes/chemical_bonding/covalent_bonding.htm (359 words)

	Covalent Compounds
		Bonding between non-metals consists of two electrons shared between two atoms.
		Using the Wave Theory, the covalent bond involves an overlap of the electron clouds from each atom.
		In covalent bonding, the two electrons shared by the atoms are attracted to the nucleus of both atoms.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/144Acovalent.html (452 words)

	co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonding
		A co-ordinate bond (also called a dative covalent bond) is a covalent bond (a shared pair of electrons) in which both electrons come from the same atom.
		The bonding between the two molecules is co-ordinate, using lone pairs on the chlorine atoms.
		Carbon monoxide can be thought of as having two ordinary covalent bonds between the carbon and the oxygen plus a co-ordinate bond using a lone pair on the oxygen atom.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /atoms/bonding/dative.html (1430 words)

	ChemTeam: The Covalent Bond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first dissents to the polar bond orthodoxy began to appear in 1913 and in 1914, J.J. Thomson, the father of the ionic (or polar, to use the old style word) bond, himself became an apostate.
		Thomson thought of the nonpolar bond this way: there was a tube of force (an attractive force) between the electron of atom A and the nucleus of atom B. However, the bond must be nonpolar, so only one electron cannot be involved.
		His idea is very close to the modern covalent bond and Thomson might today be known as the discoverer of the covalent bond, but for one mistake.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Bonding/Covalent-Bond-Intro.html (502 words)

	Chemical bonding: covalent bond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although Lewis originated the idea of the electron-pair bond, much of the credit for its early acceptance must go to Irving Langmuir, who extended it somewhat and enthusiastically popularized it to the extent that it began to be known as the Lewis-Langmuir theory, and even (to Lewis' annoyance) as the “Langmuir theory”.
		Bond length measurements are entirely consistent with this interpretation; they are almost exactly halfway between the values found in compounds known to contain single and double bonds.
		The details of this bonding arrangement are discussed in the section on the hybrid orbital model of bonding.
	www.chem1.com /acad/webtext/chembond/cb03.html (2788 words)

	SparkNotes: Covalent Bonds: The Covalent Bond
		A covalent bond represents a shared electron pair between nuclei.
		The Stability of covalent bonds is due to the build-up of electron density between the nuclei.
		A bonding pair of electrons is distinguished from a non-bonding pair by using a line between the two atoms to represent a bond, as in the figure below.
	www.sparknotes.com /chemistry/bonding/covalent/section1.html (2066 words)

	The Covalent Bond
		Ionic bonds are formed when there is a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in two ions, one positively charged and the other negatively charged.
		Covalent Bonds are the strongest chemical bonds, and are formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons.
		The energy of a typical single covalent bond is ~80 kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol).
	people.deas.harvard.edu /~jones/es154/lectures/lecture_2/covalent_bond/covalent_bond.html (350 words)

	The Covalent Bond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term covalent bond is used to describe the bonds in compounds that result from the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons.
		The covalent bonds within these molecules are at least as strong as an ionic bond, but we don't have to break these covalent bonds to separate one Cl molecule from another.
		Ionic and covalent bonds differ in the extent to which a pair of electrons is shared by the atoms that form the bond.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/ch8/valenceframe.html (2269 words)

	chemical bond: The Covalent Bond
		A single covalent bond is created when two atoms share a pair of electrons.
		Covalent bonds are of particular importance in organic chemistry because of the ability of the carbon atom to form four covalent bonds.
		These bonds are oriented in definite directions in space, giving rise to the complex geometry of organic molecules.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0857264.html (382 words)

	Bond Polarity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bond polarity is a useful concept for describing the sharing of electrons between atoms
		A polar covalent bond is one in which one atom has a greater attraction for the electrons than the other atom.
		The sharing of electrons in HF is unequal: the fluorine atom attracts electron density away from the hydrogen (the bond is thus a polar covalent bond)
	wine1.sb.fsu.edu /chm1045/notes/Bonding/Polarity/Bond05.htm (491 words)

	Covalent Bonding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A chemical bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons is called a covalent bond
		Each chlorine atom shared the bonding pair of electrons and achieves the electron configuration of the noble gas argon.
		In Lewis structures the bonding pair of electrons is usually displayed as a line, and the unshared electrons as dots:
	wine1.sb.fsu.edu /chm1045/notes/Bonding/Covalent/Bond04.htm (383 words)

	IB Chemistry standard level notes: Covalent bonding
		A single bond is a shared pair of electrons that is attracted to both nuclei of the bonded atoms.
		The single bonds hold atoms together by the forces of attraction between the electron pair (bonding pair) and the two nuclei.
		In these acids there is a carbon atom bonded to two different oxygen atoms, one using a single bond and the other with a double bond.
	ibchem.com /IB/ibnotes/full/bon_htm/4.2.htm (834 words)

	Overview of molecular forces: covalent interactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For convenience we divide the topic into consideration of covalent interactions (namely bonds, bond angles and dihedral angles) and non-bonded interactions (electrostatic interactions, induction and dispersion effects, repulsion terms) which are treated in the next section.
		Delocalized bonding is important in protein structure: it is why the peptide bond is planar (in Section 3) and it occurs in phenylalanine, tryptophan, glutamic acid, arginine side chains.
		These are the bond parameters necessary in representing a glycine residue and its connections to neighbouring residues.
	www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk /PPS2/course/section7/os_cov.html (1459 words)

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