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	Cover Crop \| Wisconsin NRCS
		Cover Crop: A close-growing crop that temporarily protects the soil during the period before the next crop is established.
		Cover crops such as cereal rye, oats and winter wheat are planted as soon as possible after harvest on fields where residue will not adequately protect the soil from wind and water erosion during winter and spring.
		Cover crops can be air seeded prior to harvesting soybeans or seeded conventionally after silage harvest or when cultivating.
	www.wi.nrcs.usda.gov /programs/solutions/covercrop.html (231 words)

	Cover crop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The foliage and roots of a cover crop shelter and anchor the soil.
		Cover crops are usually temporary, but may also be permanent, such as between trees in orchards, or anchoring soil on slopes.
		A cover crop that is grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil is also known as a green manure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cover_crop (120 words)

	cover crop. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Green-manure crops are usually classed as cover crops.
		In orchards a cover crop is sometimes used to check the growth of some fruits when they reach maturity by supplying a plant that will compete with the tree for the nutriment in the soil.
		Cover crops are often the first means used to rehabilitate land that has become run down as the result of poor farming practices and neglect.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/covercro.html (159 words)

	Multiple Impacts Cover Crops : Integrated Farming Systems - Oregon State University
		Although cover crops are commonly usually grown to prevent soil erosion and for improvement of soil tilth, other important roles include the enhancement of soil structure, improvement of soil fertility, enhancement or preservation of environmental quality, and contributions to the management of weeds, insect pests, and plant pathogens (Fig.
		Cover crop impacts on soil structure relate both to their role as a protective cover and to their contributions to soil organic matter and to the biological processes occurring within the soil.
		Nitrogen from legume cover crops for no-tillage corn.
	ifs.orst.edu /pubs/multiple_impacts_cover_cro.html (2221 words)

	On-farm cover crop research
		Cover crop seeding rates and yields for 1995 and 1996 seeding are shown in Table 1.
		The cover crop areas were relocated the following spring and preplant anhydrous ammonia (82-0-0) was applied to all the field except the 30 foot wide strips shown in figure 1.
		Cover crop nitrogen production is dependent on planting date and weather, therefore it is important to develop a method to estimate the nitrogen replacement value of the cover crop.
	www.cias.wisc.edu /wicst/pubs/covcrop.htm (1102 words)

	Cover Crop Use in Crop Production Systems, G93-1146-A
		Cover crops are legumes, cereals or an appropriate mixture.
		Cover crops of winter wheat or winter rye can be seeded immediately after bean harvest with a grain drill, or seed can be spread with a fertilizer spreader and incorporated into the soil with a shallow tillage operation.
		An alternative to planting the cover crop with a grain drill or broadcasting the seed, is to plant the cover crop in defined rows to match the row spacing of the spring planted crop.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /fieldcrops/g1146.htm (2549 words)

	Cover crop -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In (The class of people engaged in growing food) agriculture, a cover crop is grown to protect land from (The washing away of soil by the flow of water) soil erosion and (The process of leaching) leaching of (Any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue) nutrients.
		Unused farmland that is left bare can lose (The layer of soil on the surface) topsoil and nutrients through the effects of (Air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure) wind and (Water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere) rain.
		The ((architecture) leaf-like architectural ornament) foliage and (The condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage) roots of a cover crop shelter and anchor the soil.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/cover_crop.htm (190 words)

	Sustainable Production Techniques - Cover Crops
		Cover crops are grown to protect and improve the soil, not to harvest.
		The purpose of the cover crop and the needs of the vegetable crop determine the growth stage at which the cover crop is incorporated.
		Plowing a cover crop under stimulates the germination of previously buried and dormant weed seeds and exposes soil to erosion.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /sustainable/peet/cover/c02cover.html (1747 words)

	Winter Cover Crops
		Cover crops are grasses, legumes or small grains grown between regular grain crop production periods for the purpose of protecting and improving the soil.
		Cover crops recycle nutrients that might otherwise be lost to leaching during the winter and spring.
		Also, cover crops used in no-till production of corn or soybeans provide an excellent surface mulch after being killed with a contact herbicide; the mulch not only reduces soil erosion, but also slows evaporation of soil moisture, increases infiltration of rainfall, increases soil organic matter and aids in control of annual weeds.
	www.agry.purdue.edu /ext/forages/publications/ay247.htm (1501 words)

	Cover Crops - Living Mulches
		Cover crops are usually killed or incorporated before establishing the vegetable crop.
		A cover crop should germinate and grow in the shade and be low growing relative to the main crop.
		The vegetable crop may be planted in double or triple rowsbetween wider strips of living mulch to lessen competition between the crop and the mulch.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /sustainable/peet/cover/l_mulch.html (851 words)

	Overview of Cover Crops and Green Manures
		Cover crops are grown primarily to prevent soil erosion by wind and water.
		Cover crops and green manures can be annual, biennial, or perennial herbaceous plants grown in a pure or mixed stand during all or part of the year.
		A catch crop is a cover crop established after harvesting the main crop and is used primarily to reduce nutrient leaching from the soil profile.
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/covercrop.html (6984 words)

	UC SAREP Cover Crop Resource Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The summaries were compiled by former SAREP perennial cropping systems analyst Chuck Ingels, chair of the UC Cover Crops Workgroup.
		Integrating cover crops into grapevine pest and nutrition management: The transition phase.
		Cover Crop and Green Manure Database for Hawaii
	www.sarep.ucdavis.edu /ccrop (449 words)

	[No title]
		Any field or forage crop grown to provide soil cover is a "cover crop." "Green manures" are crops tilled into the soil while green, or soon after flowering, to improve the soil.
		Since a crop grown as a cover crop may later be soil-incorporated as a green manure, the two practices are often referred to interchangeably.
		Cover crops are grown mainly to prevent erosion of soil by wind and water.
	www.ibiblio.org /london/orgfarm/general/cover-crop.inf (5059 words)

	UCONN IPM: Integrated Pest Management:Weeds:Mulches:Cover Crop Mulches for Weed Management
		Two types of cover crops will be discussed: winter annual cover crops that typically provide a mulch of cover crop residue after being killed when the summer crop is planted and living mulches that grow during part or all of the crop growing season.
		This cover crop can be easily killed by herbicide, mowing, or rolling in the spring to leave a uniform mulch on the soil surface which will reduce erosion, suppress weeds, and release nitrogen.
		Cover crop mixtures have proven to be an effective means of increasing the weed suppressive capability of cover crops as well as maintaining many of the other benefits of both species.
	www.hort.uconn.edu /ipm/weeds/htms/cvrcrps.htm (1847 words)

	Cover Crop dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation in Western Oregon, EM 8739 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cover crop N accumulation depends on the amount of dry matter and its percentage of N. Accumulated N nearly always increases as dry matter increases.
		In an effort to identify the climatic factors that affect cover crop dry matter and N accumulation, we calculated the correlations between selected climatic factor and both dry matter and N accumulation (January 1 and mid-April) for all cover crops combined.
		Cover crop mixtures, frequently containing a legume and a nonlegume, often are used.
	eesc.orst.edu /agcomwebfile/edmat/html/em/em8739/em8739.html (2471 words)

	Winter Forage Cover Crop Trials
		Several crops were evaluated at Worthy farms, near Marana, AZ, Wakimoto farms, Mohave Valley, near Bullhead City, AZ, and the Tucson Plant Materials Center for use as a winter cover crop following cotton with potential to reduce wind erosion and produce one to two hay cuttings.
		Cover crops that will supply nitrogen and fit the time available between cotton crops need to be identified and evaluated.
		Seco barley is a water efficient "one irrigation barley" grown for forage, grain, and as a cover crop in south central Arizona.
	ag.arizona.edu /pubs/crops/az1059/az105922.html (1695 words)

	Cover Crop Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cover crops are well suited to all gardens, whether they're big or small.
		Cover crops are low-maintenance compared to most crops, but they still need some care.
		Cover crops can also be planted in the fall after some main season crops, such as cabbage, are finished.
	www.organicgardening.com /feature/0,7518,s1-2-7-789,00.html (836 words)

	Cover Crop Fundamentals, AGF-142-99
		Although cover crops have been used for centuries, today's modern farmer has grown up in a generation which has replaced the use of cover crops with widespread use of fertilizers and herbicides.
		By having the soil held in place by cover crops during the fall, winter, and early spring, loss of soil from erosion is greatly reduced.
		Cover crops should be allowed to grow as long as possible in the spring to add additional nutrients to the soil and suppress weeds, but they can also use up soil moisture and hurt the following cash crop if dry conditions exist.
	ohioline.osu.edu /agf-fact/0142.html (982 words)

	Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education - Publications - Diversifying Cropping Systems -
		Hairy vetch is a nitrogen-providing powerhouse, a cover crop that “fixes” significant atmospheric nitrogen for the subsequent crop.
		Because killing or controlling cover crops is a key management consideration, many farmers favor spring oats for their ability to die reliably during cold winters.
		However, the longer a cover crop survives into the spring, the longer it curbs erosion or traps moisture, so other farmers select a cover that must be killed with herbicide or tilled in before they plant their summer cash crop.
	www.sare.org /publications/diversify/diversify04.htm (1268 words)

	Benefits of Cover Crops
		A cover crop is a crop grown to cover the soil.
		A cover crop can be any type of plants, but are generally grasses (including cereal grains), legumes, or grass/legume mixtures.
		Most farmers who use cover crops plant them in the fall and then kill them in the spring before they plant their main crop.
	grant-adams.wsu.edu /agriculture/covercrops/benefits (225 words)

	Green Manure, Cover-crop and Managed Fallow Consortium - Background Documents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cover crops are any crops grown to produce soil cover, regardless of whether they are later incorporated.
		Further, the term cover crop also refers to crops grown between orchard trees or on fields between cropping seasons to protect the land from leaching and erosion (Martin 1975).
		Diver and Sullivan (1992) wrote: "Any field or forage crop grown to provide soil cover is a "cover crop." Since a crop grown as a cover crop may later be soil-incorporated as a green manure, the two practices are often referred to interchangeably.
	ppathw3.cals.cornell.edu /mba_project/gmcc/ccgmdef.html (225 words)

	P1552 Cover Crops
		Nonleguminous cover crops (rye, ryegrass, and wheat) have several advantages: establishment of a nonleguminous crop is less expensive than establishing a leguminous cover crop; nonleguminous crops provide longer and better erosion control because of more winter growth and a fibrous root system.
		The major disadvantage of nonleguminous cover crops is that they do not fix nitrogen and may even require some nitrogen fertilizer when planted after cotton, corn, or sorghum.
		These crops are better suited for crops planted early, such as corn and early-maturity soybeans, because early-season destruction does not sacrifice much of their advantages, in contrast to leguminous cover crops.
	msucares.com /pubs/publications/p1552.htm (871 words)

	Cover Crop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Crops including cereal rye, oats, clover, hairy vetch, and winter wheat are planted to temporarily protect the ground from wind and water erosion during times when cropland isn't adequately protected against soil erosion.
		crops such as soybeans or corn silage are grown on erodible land.
		Cover crops are a short term practice and are not expected to last after
	www.ctic.purdue.edu /Core4/CT/Choices/Choice20.html (210 words)

	Rye as a Cover Crop
		Cereal rye is an excellent choice as a winter cover crop because it rapidly provides ground cover to hold the soil in place.
		When it follows corn and other crops fertilized with nitrogen, however, it seldom requires additional N. Rye has a good reputation for scavenging residual soil nitrogen when it follows other crops, and it is commonly grown for this purpose.
		When the rye cover crop is incorporated into the soil, the field can be easily cultivated but the weed suppression provided by the rye will be largely gone.
	attra.ncat.org /attra-pub/rye.html (667 words)

	New Farm Research: Cover crop roller
		Moyer has been using cover crops to supply nutrients, build organic matter, and prevent soil erosion in TRI fields for more than three decades, so for him the challenge of organic no-till has lain not so much in managing the cover as in finding the right equipment to knock it down and plant.
		HTM #vegetables, found similar results between knockdown alone and knockdown with glyphosate, or Roundup, when planting corn into a rye cover.) The goal is not to cut the stems but just to crimp them and lay them flat, and the key is to wait until the cover crop reaches full flowering.
		Different types of cover crop also handle somewhat differently beneath the planter, and another refinement the team plans to make next year for vetch covers is to put small tires angled around the planting row after the seed drop, to nudge the plant material back over the exposed area.
	www.newfarm.org /depts/NFfield_trials/1103/notillroller.shtml (2054 words)

	Cover Crop Benefits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Organic matter and the roots of growing cover crops stimulate microorganisms, which help suppress disease organisms, improve soil structure, and digest organic matter so that nutrients can be used by plants.
		Cover crops cover the soil and prevent excess nitrogen from leaching.
		Cover crops also encourage beneficial insects by providing flowers for a nectar source and foliage for shelter.
	www.organicgardening.com /feature/0,7518,s1-2-7-790,00.html (387 words)

	Cover Crops Menu
		Managing Cover Crops Profitably -- New 212-page book from the USDA's SARE program helps farmers zero in on the right cover crops and manage them for maximum benefits.
		Cover Crop and Forage Seed Sources -- Find the varieties you need to fit your farming system.
		Good general resource with guide to proven covers by region and summaries of more than 30 cover crops and mixes.
	www.ibiblio.org /farming-connection/covercro/home.htm (459 words)

	Cover Crop Roller :: Reduced and No Till Organic Farming :: The Rodale Institute Cover Crop Roller for Better Cover ...
		One farmer knocked down a cover crop of rye with the roller and planted directly into the residue.
		The Cover Crop Roller was developed by The Rodale Institute in an effort to develop practical methods to increase production in Reduced Tillage Organic Farming.
		The Cover Crop Roller mounts to the front of the tractor with a Three Point Hitch (available here) leaving room for the seeder at the back.
	www.croproller.com (661 words)

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