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Topic: Crab Nebula

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	Crab Nebula
		When he noticed that, unlike a comet, it didn't move, he decided to create his now famous catalog (from his point of view a catalog of things that shouldn't be mistaken for comets).
		The supernova explosion that created the Crab was seen on about July 4 1054 AD.
		At the center of the Crab is a pulsar, the neutron star that remains from the original star.
	astro.nineplanets.org /twn/n1952x.html (162 words)

	Crab Nebula - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Crab Nebula diffuse gaseous nebula in the constellation Taurus; cataloged as NGC 1952 and M1, the first object recorded in Charles Messier's catalog of nonstellar objects.
		It is the remnant of a supernova that was observed in 1054 by Chinese and Arab astronomers to be as bright as Venus; markings in northern New Mexico depict a star near a crescent moon that might be a record of this supernova.
		The explosion of the Crab Nebula produced a large expanding shell of delicate filaments.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-crabn1ebu.html (375 words)

	Crab Nebula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A significant problem in studies of the Crab Nebula is that the combined mass of the nebula and the pulsar add up to considerably less than the predicted mass of the progenitor star, and the question of where the 'missing mass' is remains unresolved.
		Estimates of the mass of the nebula are made by measuring the total amount of light emitted, and calculating the mass required, given the measured temperature and density of the nebula.
		The predominant theory to account for the missing mass of the Crab is that a substantial proportion of the mass of the progenitor was carried away before the supernova explosion in a fast stellar wind.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crab_Nebula (2452 words)

	Messier Object 1
		The Crab Nebula is the most famous and conspicuous known supernova remnant, the expanding cloud of gas created in the explosion of a star as supernova which was observed in the year 1054 AD.
		It shines as a nebula of magnitude 8.4 near the southern "horn" of Taurus, the Bull.
		These striking properties of the Crab Nebula in the visible light are equally conspicuous in the Palomar images post-processed by David Malin of the Anglo Australian Observatory, and in Paul Scowen's image obtained on Mt. Palomar.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m001.html (2080 words)

	eSky: Crab Nebula
		The explosion began with a supernova almost a thousand years ago, and the resulting nebula, the Crab Nebula, is continuing to expand at more than 1,000 km per second.
		The shattered remains of an exploded star, the Crab Nebula is the result of a supernova that occurred more than six thousand light years from Earth, in the constellation of Taurus.
		The faint Crab Nebula is near Taurus' southern horn-star, Zeta Tauri, in the sky.
	www.glyphweb.com /esky/nebulae/crab.html (199 words)

	Crab Nebula and Pulsar
		About 10 light-years (ly) across, the Crab Nebula (M1 or NGC 1952) is the remnant of a supernova explosion that was seen on Earth beginning on July 4th, 1054 CE.
		As the nebula is found in a bubble of the local interstellar medium (that was probably created by an earlier supernova), all the nebular material must have been ejected by its progenitor star.
		The progenitor star of the Crab Nebula was once a main sequence dwarf of spectral type O or B (Mdzinarishvili and Dzigvashvili, 2001).
	www.solstation.com /x-objects/crab-neb.htm (1322 words)

	Nebula
		These nebulae are usually red because the predominant emission line of hydrogen happens to be red (other colors are produced by other atoms, but hydrogen is by far the most abundant).
		Reflection nebulae are clouds of dust which are simply reflecting the light of a nearby star or stars.
		Reflection nebulae and emission nebulae are often seen together and are sometimes b oth referred to as diffuse nebulae.
	www.crystalinks.com /crabnebula.html (620 words)

	Crab Nebula - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Crab Nebula, gas cloud that is the remnant of a supernova, or exploding star, in the constellation Taurus.
		Nebula, a localized mass of the gases and finely divided dust particles that are spread throughout interstellar space.
		Tarantula Nebula, glowing cloud of interstellar gas visible to the naked eye in the Large Magellanic Cloud, so named because of its spidery...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Crab_Nebula.html (174 words)

	Most detailed image of the Crab Nebula
		The Crab Nebula is one of the most intricately structured and dynamic objects ever observed.
		The new Hubble image of the Crab was assembled from 24 individual exposures taken with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WPFC2) and is the highest resolution image of the entire Crab Nebula ever made.
		The Crab Nebula derived its name from its appearance in a drawing made by British astronomer Lord Rosse in 1844, using a 36-inch telescope.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-12/eic-mdi112905.php (405 words)

	The Crab Nebula
		The supernova which produced the Crab Nebula was observed by the Chinese in 1054 AD.
		The Crab pulsar is slowing at the rate of about 10^-8 sec per day, and the corresponding energy loss agrees well with the energy needed to keep the nebula luminous.
		Almost coincident with the observation of the supernova, a burst of neutrinos were observed on the Earth, providing further information for modeling supernovae and providing another test for the mass of the neutrino.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/astro/crab.html (441 words)

	Most detailed image of the Crab Nebula
		The Crab is arguably the single most interesting object, as well as one of the most studied, in all of astronomy.
		The Crab Nebula is one of the most intricately structured and highly dynamical objects ever observed.
		The Crab Nebula is a six-light-year-wide expanding remnant of a star’s supernova explosion.
	www.spacetelescope.org /news/html/heic0515.html (417 words)

	Crab Nebula Jet
		Because of the jet’s low surface brightness, it remained undetected for several decades on photographic plates taken, since most of volume of research on the Crab was in the non-optical region of the spectrum.
		Robert Fesen and Bryan Staker reported in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society for June 1993 that the jets filaments are moving outward from the nebula at an average speed of 0.26"/yr, or 2,460 km/sec at the presumed distance of M1 of 2 kpc.
		The Jet is the faint nebulosity on the north center of the nebula.
	weblore.com /richard/crab_nebula_jet.htm (656 words)

	Crab Nebula Confounds \| Science Buzz
		Astronomers at the University of Minnesota studying the Crab Nebula with the Spitzer Space Telescope have found that a type of dust has gone missing from the nebula.
		A nebula is a cloud of dust and gas in space which can be, depending on the type of nebula, the birthplace of stars.
		One idea is that the pulsar at the center of the Crab Nebula, which spins at a rate of 30 times a second, is sending out ultraviolet radiation as well as protons and electrons at close to the speed of light, which could be destroying the smaller dust particles.
	buzz.smm.org /buzz/node/151 (323 words)

	Astronomy@Kirkwood IC: The Crab Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Crab Nebula in the constellation Taurus, the bull, is one of the most fascinating objects in the sky.
		It is commonly believed that supernovae such as the Crab Nebula progenitor are at least partially responsible for spewing heavy elements into the interstellar medium and that most of the atoms in us and our world were once forged in the dying cores of stars that long ago exploded and and faded from brilliance.
		By carefully measuring the positions of filaments of the nebula with respect to the pulsar—the exposed degenerate neutron core of the supergiant star, we can ascertain the expansion rate of the nebula and finally the year the expansion began.
	www.avalon.net /~bstuder/crab_lab.html (970 words)

	A History of the Crab Nebula
		The remains of this star were later christened the Crab Nebula, a cloudy, glowing mass of gas and dust about 7,000 light-years away from Earth.
		Lord Rosse named the nebula the "Crab" in 1844 because its tentacle-like structure resembled the legs of the crustacean.
		Called the Crab Pulsar, it is among the first pulsars discovered, and is the fastest and most energetic pulsar formed from a supernova explosion.
	www.kopernik.org /images/archive/crab.htm (721 words)

	SPACE.com -- Chandra Telescope Sees Skeleton of Crab Nebula
		The nebula is the glowing remnant of a stellar explosion that was seen from Earth almost 950 years ago.
		Now some ten light years across, the nebula is a dynamic glowing cloud in which energy is created by intense streams of high energy particles that pour out from the collapsed neutron star at the nebula's center at nearly the speed of light.
		The Crab's brilliance has puzzled scientists because it has not been clear how energy from the pulsar at the center of the nebula was being conducted into the outer nebula, explained Wallace Tucker, an astrophysicist at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the organization which operates Chandra telescope.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/chandra-crabxray990928.html (930 words)

	Image of the Day : Intricate Crab Nebula Poses for Hubble Close-Up
		Intricate Crab Nebula Poses for Hubble Close-Up The Hubble Space Telescope has caught the most detailed view of the Crab Nebula, revealing the intricate epitaph of a long-dead star.
		Crab Nebula in 1054, when a star 6,500 light-years from Earth exploded in a brilliant supernova.
		The dense, city-sized object powers the Crab Nebula’s bluish glow, which is generated by electrons that follow the neutron star’s magnetic field lines, astronomers said.
	www.space.com /imageoftheday/image_of_day_051201.html (324 words)

	Hubble views the Crab Nebula M1
		Perhaps the most significant discovery to come from the HST images is that the filaments bear the strong imprint of their interaction with the Crab ``synchrotron nebula.'' The synchrotron nebula is a cloud of magnetic fields and energetic particles powered by the rapidly spinning neutron star at the heart of the Crab.
		The image was taken in the light of emission from the ``synchrotron nebula'' -- a mixture of strong magnetic fields and energetic particles that is powered by the pulsar at the heart of the Crab.
		HST and ROSAT Imaging of the Synchrotron Nebula.
	seds.lpl.arizona.edu /messier/more/m001_hst.html (1006 words)

	ASTR 1F00 - Crab Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The green, yellow and red filaments concentrated toward the edges of the nebula are remnants of the star that were ejected into space by the explosion.
		At the center of the Crab Nebula lies the Crab Pulsar -- the collapsed core of the exploded star.
		The Hubble Space Telescope photo was taken Nov. 5, 1995 by the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 at a wavelength of around 550 nanometers, in the middle of the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
	www.physics.brocku.ca /www/courses/1f00/Novae/CrabNebula (392 words)

	Crab Nebula
		At the center of the nebula is a rapidly spinning neutron star, or pulsar that emits pulses of radiation 30 times a second.
		The X rays from the Crab nebula are produced by high-energy particles spiraling around magnetic field lines in the Nebula.
		The bell-shaped appearance of the Nebula could be due to the interaction of this huge magnetized bubble with clouds of gas and dust in the vicinity.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/objects/snrs/052.html (182 words)

	Crab Nebula Info
		The Crab was the first x-ray source outside of our solar system to be identified with an optical object (Mitton, S. This photo shows the rings of the Crab which are made of highly energized particles that have been thrown from the spinning pulsar.
		The first is that the nebula emits at the radio wavelength which then covers the other electrons that are emitting inside the nebula.
		Though it is not apparent from the size of this image, the Crab is nearly 50% larger in the radio portion of the spectrum then the optical portion.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~umhoepp3/Crab_Nebula_Info.html (2734 words)

	Multiwavelength Astronomy
		The Crab Nebula in the visible spectrum (photograph courtesy of the Anglo-Australian Observatory) shows two distinct features: a reddish web of filaments at the outer edges of the nebula and a bluish core.
		The blue core of the nebula is from electrons within the nebula being deflected and accelerated by the magnetic field of the central neutron star.
		The Crab Nebula in the ultraviolet (or UV) shows a nebula which is slightly larger than what is seen in X-rays (photograph from the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope).
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l2/multiwavelength.html (929 words)

	APOD Search Results for "crab nebula"
		Like its cousin in astrophysical waters, the Crab Nebula, IC 443 is known to harbor a neutron star, the collapsed core of the massive star that exploded over 30,000 years ago.
		In fact, the Crab is now known to be a supernova remnant, an expanding cloud of debris from the explosion of a massive star.
		Crab Nebula, filled with mysterious filaments, is the result of a star that exploded in 1054 AD.
	apod.gsfc.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/apod/apod_search?crab+nebula (5106 words)

	The Crab Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The supernova was observed in 1054 A.D. The supernova event was visible to the naked eye in the daytime; it was as bright as Venus.
		The filaments in the nebula are seen to be expanding at 1000 km/sec.
		A pulsar was discovered in the center of the nebula in 1969.
	astrosun.tn.cornell.edu /academics/courses/astro201/crab_neb.htm (107 words)

	APOD: November 22, 1999 - The Crab Nebula from VLT
		APOD: November 22, 1999 - The Crab Nebula from VLT
		Crab Nebula, filled with mysterious filaments, is the result of a star that was seen to explode in 1054 AD.
		electrons are whirling around the magnetic field of the inner nebula.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap991122.html (138 words)

	Crab Nebula
		More than ten light years across, the Crab Nebula is now thought to be the remains of a star that exploded in 1054.
		The high-resolution picture of the Crab Nebula above (upper), taken by the Very Large Telescope (VLT), shows the filamentation produced by magnetic fields and electric currents, as material races away from the nebula's core at half the speed of light--a "higher speed than expected from a free explosion", according to NASA reports.
		In their discussion of the Crab Nebula, NASA spokesmen refer to "a scintillating halo, and an intense knot of emission dancing, sprite-like, above the pulsar's pole".
	www.thunderbolts.info /tpod/2004/arch/040916nebula.htm (413 words)

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