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Topic: Crabeater Seal

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	Antarctic seals
		Predators of the Weddell seal are the leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, and the killer whale.
		The dorsal of these seals is dark to chestnut coloured with a silvery white ventral and dark striped from the chin to the chest, along the neck.
		Crabeater seals have special premolars and molars which serve as a filter when feeding on krill.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jaap/nphoseal.htm (820 words)

	Crabeater Seal
		The Crabeater Seal, Lobodon carcinophagus, is one of the most remarkable, though least known, of the mammals of the world.
		More than one in every two seals in the world is a Crabeater Seal and the population biomass of Crabeaters is about four times that of all other pinnipeds put together †.
		Crabeater Seals colonized Antarctica during the late Miocene or early Pliocene (15 - 25 million years ago), at a time when the region was much warmer than today.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cr/Crabeater_seal.html (211 words)

	Crabeater Seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Crabeater Seal, Lobodon carcinophagus, is one of the most remarkable, though least known, of the mammals of the world.
		More than one in every two seals in the world is a Crabeater Seal and the population biomass of Crabeaters is about four times that of all other pinnipeds put together †.
		Crabeater Seals colonized Antarctica during the late Miocene or early Pliocene (15 - 25 million years ago), at a time when the region was much warmer than today.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crabeater_Seal (258 words)

	Earless seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The true seals or earless seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal suborder, Pinnipedia.
		It should be noted that the common seal (harbor seal in the U.S.), Phoca vitulina, does not separate foraging and maternal investment; instead, it displays a reproductive strategy similar to those of otariids, in which the mother makes short foraging trips between nursing bouts.
		This allows the mother seal to maximize the efficiency of her energy transfer to the pup and then quickly return to sea to replenish her reserves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/True_seal (780 words)

	SCS: Crabeater Seal (Lobodon carcinophagus)
		Crabeater seals are the most numerous pinniped species in the world and are curiously named since their major prey is not crabs but Antarctic krill.
		All killing of seals in the Antarctic region is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS).
		Crabeater seal pups and juveniles are heavily preyed on by leopard seals, especially newly-weaned pups during the spring and summer, and this predation is a key influence on the lifestyle and habits of the species.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/crabeatr.htm (894 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Crabeater Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Genera Monachus (Monk Seals) Mirounga (Elephant Seal) Lobodon (Crabeater Seals) Leptonychotes Hydrurga (Leopard Seals) Ommatophoca Erignathus (Bearded Seals) Phoca Halichoerus (Gray Seals) Cystophora (Hooded Seals) The true seals or earless seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal suborder, Pinnipedia.
		The true seals or earless seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal suborder, Pinnipedia.
		It should be noted that the common seal (harbor seal in the U.S.), Phoca vitulina, does not separate foraging and maternal investment; instead, it displays a reproductive strategy similar to those of otariids, in which the mother makes short foraging trips between nursing bouts.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Crabeater-Seal (891 words)

	AWI: Ice-Tour - Seals
		At least four seal species, the Weddell seal, Crabeater seal, Leopard seal and Ross seal use sea ice as a resting and hunting platform, as a place to give birth or as a refuge from predators.
		Crabeaters (Lobodon carcinophagus) are smaller than Weddell seals and live mainly in open water near the ice edge or in the pack ice where they also give birth to their young.
		Crabeater seals may occur in large groups and are probably the most numerous of all seals world-wide.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Eistour/robben-e.html (362 words)

	Marine Mammals > Species: Lobodon carcinophagus (Crabeater seal)
		In Crabeater seals, the head and muzzle are moderately long and thin relative to the animal's overall size.
		Pups are born with a soft woolly coat that is greyishbrown, with darker colouring on the flippers.
		It has been speculated that the population of crabeater seals is at an all time high due to the demise of the large stocks of krill-eating baleen whales.
	ip30.eti.uva.nl /BIS/marine_mammals.php?menuentry=soorten&id=54 (846 words)

	ANIMAL BYTES - Crabeater Seal
		The crabeater seal is a slender, streamlined seal with silvery gray to whitish fur and a long, slightly upturned snout.
		Crabeater seals are unique among phocids in that this species forms family groups consisting of an adult female, her pup, and an adult male.
		Antarctic seals, including the crabeater, leopard, Weddell, Ross, southern elephant, and Antarctic fur seals, are protected by the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals.
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/pinnipedia/crabeater-seal.htm (327 words)

	Species Composition: Crabeater Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When they are sleeping on the ice, crabeater seals that have recently turned over tend to be half dark and half light, the dark half being wet from the melting ice under the dozing animal.
		Crabeater seals also appear occasionally far north of their normal range, along the coasts of New Zealand, South Australia, Tasmania, Heard Island, southern Africa, and South America (to near the Tropic of Capricorn).
		In general, crabeater populations are believed to move south in summer as the ice breaks tip and north again as the ice advances in winter.
	polarmet.mps.ohio-state.edu /ASPIRE_99/seals/science/crab.htm (1516 words)

	Seal,Mammals,Seal Picture,Mammal Pictures,Catalog,Encyclopedia
		The true seals, family Phocidae, are classified with the eared seals (sea lions and fur seals), family Otariidae, and the walruses, family Odobenidae, in the Pinnipedia--the pinnipeds are regarded as either a suborder of the order Carnivora or a separate order.
		The true seals are especially numerous in the colder waters (above 40 deg latitude) of both hemispheres, with concentrations in the polar regions, but the monk seals, Monachus, are a tropical group, formerly widespread in the Caribbean and Mediterranean seas and around Hawaii.
		Seals range in size from 125 cm to 6.5 m (4 ft to 21 ft) in length and from 90 kg to 3.5 metric tons (200 lb to about 8,000 lb) in weight.
	www.4to40.com /earth/geography/htm/mammalsindex.asp?counter=137 (1331 words)

	Crabeater Seals - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Crabeater seals are now the single biggest consumers of krill, accounting for about 80 million tons a year.
		During breeding season, Crabeaters are generally observed occurring in small family groups as opposed to the teeming breeding beaches of gregarious Fur seals.
		The Leopard seal is the main predator of young Crabeater seals and an important one in helping to keep populations in check.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/wildlife/seals/crabeater.shtml (511 words)

	Marine Mammals in Antarctica
		Crabeaters take in a large mouthful of water (laden with krill), push the water through their fancy teeth, and the krill is left in their mouths.
		During their first year of life most crabeater seals have an encounter with the carnivorous leopard seal, receiving sets of parallel distinct scars (from the sharp incisors of the leopard seal) on their sides.
		Elephant seals are well adapted to deep diving, having large eyes to see in the depths, the ability to carry large amounts of oxygen in their bodies and the ability to control their circulation.
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/AAmammals.htm (2385 words)

	World Almanac for Kids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The various forms, known also as fur seals, hair seals, elephant seals, sea lions, and leopard seals, are widely distributed throughout the marine regions of the frigid and temperate zones; only the monk seals of the genus Monachus are tropical.
		Pelagic sealing, or the hunting of seals in the ocean, was prohibited by the agreement, which permitted capture only of immature or bachelor seals, taken at the outskirts of the breeding grounds under government supervision.
		True seals are better adapted to life in water than are the longer-limbed eared seals, but on land they progress laboriously by wriggling and hunching the entire body.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/animals/seal.html (987 words)

	Genus Lobodon or crabeater seal
		The crabeater seal is the most abundant seal in the world, with a population between fifteen and forty million (more than all other seals put together) [1].
		The crabeater seal is the most abundant of the pack-ice seals, and is thought to be the largest single consumer of krill.
		Five seal species - the Antarctic fur seal, Weddell seal, elephant seal, leopard seal and crabeater seal are regularly observed on expedition cruises, most often hauled out on ice floes or early in the season at their breeding sites, where they make appealing subjects for photography.
	www.thewebsiteofeverything.com /animals/mammals/Carnivora/Phocidae/Lobodon/index.html (330 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		More than one in every two seals in the world is a Crabeater Seal and the population biomass of Crabeaters is about four times that of all other pinnipeds put together
		Instead, a crabeater seal's unusual multilobed teeth enable this species to sieve krill from the water.
		After molting seasons the fur of the crab eater seal is dark brown fading to blonde on its belly.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Crabeater_seal (442 words)

	Fact Sheet: Seals
		The crabeater seal is almost never spotted on land; they breed and rest on the pack ice.
		Sealing is inexorably tied to the human history of Antarctica; in fact, it was a sealer (the Russian, Thaddeus von Bellingshausen) who first discovered Antarctica in 1820.
		Should commercial sealing in the Antarctic begin anew, CCAS limits the take of crabeater seals to 175,000, leopard seals to 12,000, and Wedell seals to 5,000, but it bans outright the hunting of elephant, Ross, and fur seals.
	www.asoc.org /general/seals.htm (1214 words)

	Crabeater Seal, Lobodon carcinophaga at MarineBio.org
		Crabeater seals are preyed on by orca (killer whales) and leopard seals.
		Crabeater seals have been known to use breathing holes in the ice created by Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii and in some cases may chase juvenile Weddell seals away from their breathing hole.
		Crabeater seals are thought to reproduce in Antarctica on the pack ice during the early Spring months between October and December.
	www.marinebio.org /species.asp?id=550 (1489 words)

	About Antarctica: Seals
		Seals are categorized into three families: true seals, eared seals (common to most zoos), and walruses (found in the arctic).
		Crabeaters live at the edge of pack ice and are normally solitary animals.
		Its population explosion is possibly due to the decline of whales, the Crabeater's chief competition for krill.
	lrs.ed.uiuc.edu /students/downey/project/seals.html (1141 words)

	title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The crabeater seal is circumpolar in distribution, following the advancing and retreating pack ice of Antarctica.
		Contrary to what their name would suggest, crabeater seals feed principally on krill - not crabs - but may also feed seasonally on Antarctic silver fish.
		The crabeater seal is the most numerous of all the pinnipeds.
	www.pagophilus.org /crabeater.html (208 words)

	All About Sea Ice: Environment: Wildlife: Mammals: Seals
		As a result, newborn seal pups, which are born on the ice, do not have enough time to wean properly and may not survive.
		Because of their large size, leopard seals cannot move easily on sea ice, and so crabeater seals often rest on floes where they are safe from predation.
		Weddell seals spend most of their time beneath fast ice, coming onto the sea ice surface only to rest and have their pups.
	www.nsidc.org /seaice/environment/mammals_seals.html (730 words)

	TEA: Cowles- -- 2.18.2002
		There are six species of seals that appear in the waters around Antarctica: the leopard seal, the fur seal, the crabeater seal, the elephant seal, the Weddell seal, and the Ross seal.
		Leopard seals in the Palmer area have been known to bite the pointed ends of Zodiacs when the boats are tied up at the dock.
		The Antarctic fur seal is classified in the family of sea lions and walruses.
	tea.armadaproject.org /cowles/2.18.2002.html (894 words)

	Anatarctica gallery crabeater seal
		Crabeater seals probably got their name because of a mistake by the early sealers who went down to the Antarctic.
		Crabeater seals are uniquely adapted amongst seals in that their teeth are adapted to form a sieve in a similar manner to the baleen plates of the great whales.
		Crabeater seals are circumpolar living all around the edge of the Antarctic continent.
	www.coolantarctica.com /gallery/seals/antarctica_seals18.htm (205 words)

	Australian Antarctic Division - Crabeater seals
		Crabeater seals can move large distances through the pack-ice, due to both active movement and passive movement on drifting ice floes.
		Leopard seals are a major predator of crabeater seals, particularly of young pups.
		Most adult crabeater seals have large scars as a result of unsuccessful predation by leopard seals when they were younger.
	www.aad.gov.au /ten_facts/seals/crabeater.asp (499 words)

	Australian Antarctic Division - Crabeater seals
		Crabeater seals can move large distances through the pack-ice, due to both active movement and passive movement on drifting ice floes.
		Leopard seals are a major predator of crabeater seals, particularly of young pups.
		Most adult crabeater seals have large scars as a result of unsuccessful predation by leopard seals when they were younger.
	www-aadc.aad.gov.au /ten_facts/seals/crabeater.asp (496 words)

	Zeehondencrèche Lenie 't Hart
		The crabeater seal is the most numerous of all seals.
		The fur of a recently moulted crabeater seal exhibits a rich shimmering of light and dark grey hues, suffused with yellowish brown colours.
		Pups are born in the autumn with a woolly, brown fur and dark flippers.
	www.zeehondencreche.nl /zeehonden/soorten_krillrob_e.htm (157 words)

	Crabeater Seal — 70South - Antarctic News, Antarctic Information, Interactive and Updated Daily... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Crabeaters don't eat crab (by the way crab does not occur on Antarctica), but adore krill and some fish and squid.
		When the crabeater seal closes its mouth, the only spaces are those between the tubercles.
		Crabeater seals live most of the time under the shelf ice which makes observation difficult.
	www.70south.com /resources/antarctic-animals/antarctic-seals/crabeaterseal (247 words)

	Report One
		This group also has the responsibility of coordinating data on the number of seals killed in the treaty area for scientific purposes and for dog food (this latter practice is being phased out) as required under the 'Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Flora and Fauna.
		Seals are shot by fishermen, and caught and killed as 'accidental by-catch' in fisheries operations such as trawling and gill netting, while the ingestion of waste oil and other liquid pollutants poses a further threat to seals.
		Seals are among the most inquisitive of creatures and often end up with rope, fishing net or packaging strap wrapped around their necks.
	psclasses.ucdavis.edu /pol107/sp02/ca/Report1.html (1627 words)

	Ecology: Environment Home Page
		The abundant plankton and algae allow for massive schools of krill which are, in turn, fed upon by penguins, seals, seabirds, fish and squid—as well as the giant baleen whales.
		Crabeater Seals get their name, not by eating crabs, but by eating krill.
		With such an abundant food supply, it should be no surprise that the Crabeater Seals are the most abundant seal in the world.
	www.saturdaze.net /prv/bio12205.htm (750 words)

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