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Topic: Crack baby

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	Baby Cuddlers: Volunteers to Cuddle Babies at Hospitals and Orphanages
		Baby cuddlers are needed in orphanages, neonatal hospital units, group homes, nurseries, and wherever else there are babies and young children who may not have adequate human contact early in life to begin developing social interaction skills.
		When a baby is born too early, or has ailments that must be corrected shortly after birth, worried parents often can't be with their baby as often as they'd like to be.
		For instance, as part of the baby cuddling program at the Oklahoma University Medical Center, a picture of a rocking chair is posted on the cribs of the infants who have been cuddled by volunteers, reassuring parents that their baby has been cuddled that day.
	charityguide.org /volunteer/fewhours/baby-cuddlers.htm (602 words)

	Crack baby - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crack baby is a pejorative term for a child born to a mother who uses cocaine.
		Low-birthweight babies are 20 times more likely to die in their first month of life than normal-weight babies, and face an increased risk of lifelong disabilities such as mental retardation and cerebral palsy.
		The term crack babies enjoyed a brief heyday when commentators, especially conservatives, sought to highlight links between drug abuse, out-of-wedlock pregnancy and so on as maintaining a "permanent underclass".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crack_baby (602 words)

	Washington City Paper
		Crack's rapid route to the brain may explain why people crave the drug, not just in the ghetto, but in urban and rural settings, rich and poor communities.
		Stories about how poorly the first of the “crack babies” are faring in kindergarten and first grade have already appeared in the media, complete with predictions that when the “crack babies” hit their teens they'll turn into delinquents.
		The mothers who give birth to infants labeled “crack babies,” she says, tend to have four things in common—they engage in all kinds of drug use; they neglect their nutrition; they live in an impoverished environment; and they did not receive prenatal care.
	www.washingtoncitypaper.com /cd_img/0609crack.html (4597 words)

	Cocaine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Crack cocaine is processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and water, and heated to remove the hydrochloride.
		The percentage of eighth graders reporting crack use at least once in their lives increased from 2.7 percent in 1997 to 3.2 percent in 1998.
		Many may recall that "crack babies," or babies born to mothers who used cocaine while pregnant, were written off by many a decade ago as a lost generation.
	www.drugstv.com /Cocaine.htm (1955 words)

	Undercover police crack baby-selling racket - smh.com.au
		Baby M may never know the terrible truth of his birth, but the arrest of his Ukrainian mother and her cohorts in southern Italy has exposed a thriving secret trade in babies for adoption by Western couples and body parts for illegal transplants.
		Baby M, born two weeks ago near the southern Italian port city of Bari, was sold for €350,000 ($624,000) by a Ukrainian-organised gang operating across Europe with close links to Italian organised crime.
		The baby weighed 3.8 kilos and, in the flush of delivery, was named after one of the agents, whose first name begins with M. A few hours later, after Tkachenko had joined the birth group and demanded her money, the carabinieri raided the flat and arrested the three women.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2003/05/23/1053585701787.html (1481 words)

	AlterNet: DrugReporter: 'Crack Babies' Talk Back
		Crack hit the streets in 1984, and by 1987 the press had run more than 1,000 stories about it, many focusing on the plight of so-called crack babies.
		Crack babies, it turns out, were a media myth, not a medical reality.
		While the paper hasn't used "crack baby" in the last several months, it has referred to babies being "addicted" to crack, which, as the researchers told the editors, is scientifically inaccurate, since babies cannot be born addicted to cocaine.
	www.alternet.org /drugreporter/19830 (1570 words)

	Crack babies
		For some, the assertion that crack babies were in dire trouble became a way of begging funds for substance-abusing mothers and their infants.
		In some professional circles, the term "crack baby" has given way to "drug-exposed baby." But even layered over with euphemism, however gently its promulgators protest their good intentions, the meaning of the crack-baby epithet is clear.
		The fact these babies might have been subtly damaged by their mother's cocaine use seems to recede in significance next to the gaping hole in their lives -- the lack of a single passionate adult who could coo and chat and laugh and cradle for as long as the two of them liked.
	www.come-over.to /FAS/crackbaby.htm (3014 words)

	Crack Babies - Introduction
		The effects of crack (and cocaine) as an individual substance on babies or fetuses are notoriously difficult to pin down.
		The myth of the crack baby was built upon the premise that pregnant women who smoked crack exposed their babies to the same effects of intoxication as they themselves felt.
		The basis for the attack on crack smoking mothers was that they were harming their fetus, which the anti-abortionists claimed had separate, divisible rights from those of its mother.
	www.crack-babies.org /intro1.html (2106 words)

	the Lycaeum - Drug Archives
		The proximate roots of the "crack baby crisis" were in 1981, when federal cuts in Medicaid stripped more than a million poor mothers and their kids of access to medical care.
		Poor women have always birthed smaller and sicker babies, and the sharp increase in the number of poor, uninsured women was certain to boost the number of ailing newborns.
		When she delivered her baby on January 23, 1989, the attending doctor recorded that the baby "looked and acted as we would expect a baby to look and act." But Johnson told the doctor she had used cocaine during the pregnancy, and urine tests on mother and child bore that out.
	www.lycaeum.org /drugs/plants/coca/smoke.html (1983 words)

	Drug WarRant
		The myth of the crack baby epidemic was debunked in the early 1990s, but the damage had already been done, in one of the most blatantly racist episodes of the drug war - one that has caused incredible damage to our country - the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986.
		That sentencing disparity came in part from the hysteria sweeping the country regarding the exaggerated stories that crack was highly addictive, connected to violence, and, of course, caused an epidemic of crack babies.
		The fear of crack baby was specifically discussed in the 1988 follow-up law that created a minimum of 5 years prison for possession of 1-5 grams of crack.
	blogs.salon.com /0002762/2004/06/01.html (877 words)

	The “Crack Baby” Myth
		Crack babies are often fussy and irritable, particularly when over stimulated.
		Crack babies may dislike being picked up and held, but it's important that they feel human contact.
		Patience is a necessity in caring for a crack baby, no matter how cranky he or she may be.
	www.connectingwithkids.com /tipsheet/2004/183_june30/crack.html (743 words)

	Crack Myths - an informational website - debunking the myth
		Crack cocaine is simply powder cocaine which has been converted into a solid "rock" form that may be smoked.
		Regardless, it is difficult to rationalize the extreme sentencing disparity between crack and cocaine.
		Claims that crack use is a leading cause of death are, for the most part, unsubstantiated.
	www.crack-myths.org /index.html (755 words)

	CRACK BABIES IN INFANCY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Exposed to the drug in the womb and born addicted to crack cocaine, this child experiences severe withdrawal symptoms.
		In the womb, the child is often re-exposed because the cocaine does not pass through the placenta to the mother but remains in the amniotic fluid surrounding the baby.
		The large cylinders on either side of the baby assure that the infant won't slide as the bed tilts back and forth.
	www.focalpress.com /companions/0240804155/crack/crack1.htm (509 words)

	The Crack Baby myth
		The stories of “crack babies” helped to promote the anti-drug movement in general because all drugs were stereotyped together as being similar; the “evils” of one drug were applied to the whole group.
		Even though babies born to mothers who use crack are still viewed by the public as the most sever cases of problem births, the truth is that fetal alcohol syndrome is the most sever problem in America that is related to chemical use during pregnancy.
		Once the “crack baby” myth was born, the Reagan administration embraced it and used it to promote its agenda.
	www.rationalrevolution.net /war/crack_baby_myth.htm (768 words)

	HowStuffWorks "How Crack Cocaine Works"
		Crack rocks are white or tan in color and typically range in size from.1 to.5 grams.
		In the mid-1980s, when crack was a burgeoning public health issue, a related problem emerged: the phenomenon of the so-called "crack baby." In 1985, Dr. Ira Chasnoff wrote an article in the New England Journal of Medicine claiming that babies who were exposed to crack in the womb wound up with permanent cognitive impairment.
		Babies who are exposed to crack in the uterus are often born prematurely and tend to be smaller than other babies.
	www.howstuffworks.com /crack.htm/printable (2777 words)

	Lycaeum > Leda > Crack Babies Excerpt from "Smoke and Mirrors"
		The proximate roots of the "crack baby crisis" were in 1981, when federal cuts in Medicaid stripped more than a million poor mothers and their kids of access to medical care.
		Researchers of human "crack babies" furthermore found that the effects of cocaine wore off within a few months and that such babies who were well fed, loved, and properly stimulated could recover completely.
		When she delivered her baby on January 23, 1989, the attending doctor recorded that the baby "looked and acted as we would expect a baby to look and act." But Johnson told the doctor she had used cocaine during the pregnancy, and urine tests on mother and child bore that out.
	leda.lycaeum.org /?ID=12943 (1998 words)

	Crack Babies
		The term "crack baby" has come about since the discovery that mothers who are addicted and smoke crack while pregnant give birth to babies who are addicted as well.
		One of the origional researchers of "crack babies," Dr. Ira Chasnoff has continued to do more studies and has found that, "Their average developmental functioning level is normal...they are not the retarted imbeciles people talk about." The article "Myth of Crack Babies," by Ellen Goodman, (druglibrary.org), talks about the environment the baby/child is reared in.
		Although the "crack baby" syndrom may not be as serious as once thought, it is still not something to be taken lightly.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d46/psy/dev/Spring02/prenatal/crackbabies.html (631 words)

	Crack Kids: Cocaine's Living Legacy
		Probably the best estimate is that between 30,000 and 50,000 babies are born each year to mothers who use crack at some stage in their pregnancies.
		Crack babies are more likely to exhibit behaviors that could limit their ability to learn and develop socially.
		Also promising are educational services for older crack kids that focus on highly structured environments (to reduce the risk of overstimulation), small classes (to provide greater one-on-one learning opportunities), and class activities to make learning more concrete and less abstract.
	www.doitnow.org /pages/177.html (1583 words)

	Crack Babies: The Worst Threat is Mom Herself
		Crack is a mean drug that can induce parents to neglect and even violence.
		Crack addicts typically show little or no interest in prenatal care and are unlikely to seek it until very late in their pregnancy, if ever.
		Subsequently, the mother admitted using crack to her social worker, and six months later, despite being enrolled in a drug treatment program, she gave birth to a baby with cocaine symptoms.
	www.welfareacademy.org /pubs/childwelfare/crackbabies-0889.shtml (1996 words)

	National Advocates for Pregnant Women: THE DEMON SEED THAT WASN'T: Debunking the "crack baby" myth
		In addition, many "crack babies" were actually withdrawing from heroin and other opiates that their mothers had used along with cocaine, alcohol and tobacco.
		The crack baby myth also helped assuage guilt about the massive cuts to social services that preceded the crack epidemic in the ghettos--and which may have exacerbated it, given that widespread crack addiction occurred almost invariably in poverty-stricken communities.
		The very word "ghetto" conjures up images of fl and brown people, so while the crack baby was angelic, it was also a racialized, infant demon: a baby destined to grow up mentally deficient and criminal because of the damage done by its monstrous parent.
	advocatesforpregnantwomen.org /issues/pregnancy_and_drug_use_the_facts/the_demon_seed_that_wasnt_debunking_the_crack_baby_myth.php (2392 words)

	JoT Figment Crackbaby
		It turns out that the estimates for the number of crack babies was based on a single survey of mothers of newborns in a hospital in a poor urban neighborhood.
		The crack baby epidemic was a popular fallacy because it appealed to the common esthetic sense.
		In the minds of those dreading the onslaught of crack kids, prosperity in the United States was going to be undermined by fornicating, crack-smoking, fl, teen-age, welfare mothers who doomed their innocent children to stunted lives and (to top it all off) were going to cost us all lots and lots of money.
	home.comcast.net /~jontweet/jotfigmentcrackb.html (341 words)

	FCYU-Feature Story
		In fact, it can be more damaging for a baby to be born prematurely, or for a mother to drink alcohol, or not get prenatal care for her baby.
		So when the TV showed pictures of "crack babies," it was often showing what it looked like to be born premature, not what it looked like to be born with drugs.
		Until the public learns about the lie of the "crack baby," kids whose mothers used drugs while they were pregnant will continue to suffer, from the stereotype.
	www.youthcomm.org /FCYU-Features/MarchApril2004/FCYU-2004-03-10b.htm (680 words)

	September 16, 1997 - `Crack Baby' Fears May Have Been Overstated (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They said that these "crack babies" did not act like other infants in the nursery and warned that schools should brace for an influx of children with learning problems.
		Nursery workers told stories of "crack babies" who were small, had tremors, were inconsolable and easily agitated, cried oddly, avoided eye contact and didn't like to be held.
		Ira Chasnoff, a University of Illinois School of Medicine researcher who has been studying crack babies since the 1980s, will be reporting at the conference on a study of about 170 children, half of whose mothers used cocaine and other drugs during pregnancy.
	ripley.wo.sbc.edu /departmental/pr/sbcnews/www/9709/9709hurtwp.html (1345 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Italian police crack baby smuggling ring
		After posing as nurses and medical interns at a Milan hospital where the babies were born, police arrested six people alleged to be involved in the sale of at least two infants.
		To avoid the risks involved in smuggling babies across borders, traffickers offered impoverished pregnant Bulgarian mothers the chance to give birth in a clean western European hospital, sell their children into a supposedly better life and return home with a pocket full of cash, police allege.
		Reports based on tapped phone conversations before the most recent birth suggest that the would-be father asked for a baby with fair skin and was reassured that the natural parents lived too far away to come searching for their child.
	www.guardian.co.uk /italy/story/0,12576,1274069,00.html (530 words)

	cannabisnews.com: 'Crack Baby' Theory Doubted
		The children's development was then followed over time.Many of the women used numerous drugs, including legal ones such as tobacco and alcohol, and many had other risk factors for delivering unhealthy babies, including poor diet, lack of prenatal care and poverty.With so many variables at work, discerning cocaine's contribution to bad outcomes has been difficult.
		In most cases, the women were compulsive users of crack cocaine.In 22 states where the charges were challenged, courts have ruled in favor of the women.
		She noted that the 389 women, most of whom used crack, had a total of 146 stillborn infants and 47 who died from complications after birth.Note: Study: Effect of Mother's Drug Use Less Severe Than Thought.
	www.cannabisnews.com /news/thread9179.shtml (479 words)

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