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Topic: Cracker computing

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	Cracker (computing)
		In general, a cracker in the context of computing is a person who compromises a computer security system without permission of the person operating the system.
		This can be a person that removes the copy protection code from software (see also software cracking), or a person who uses his or her computing skills to compromise or destroy corporate or private computer files over a network.
		The term "cracker" seems to have developed in emulation of hacker with an additional connotation of forcible as opposed to clever.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cr/Cracker_(computing).html (163 words)

	Black hat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term cracker was coined by Richard Stallman to provide an alternative to abusing the existing word hacker for this meaning.
		Hackers are not the same as crackers, as hackers do not participate in illegal activities and only modify software (typically of the Open Source variety).
		The latter type of cracker is often referred to as a script kiddie (unskilled crackers are far more common than highly skilled ones).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cracker_(computing) (397 words)

	Script kiddie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computing, a script kiddie (occasionally script bunny, script kitty or skiddie) is a derogatory term for inexperienced crackers who use scripts and programs developed by others for the purpose of compromising computer accounts and files, and for launching attacks on whole computer systems (see DoS).
		To some however the term expresses considerable contempt, being meant to indicate that they are immature (or unable to realise the equality lesson contained in the somewhat loaded term), and only use "scripts" and programs created by other people, in what is merely simple vandalism.
		From around 1995 on, the widespread use of the Internet in the business and home computer field, and the full disclosure movement's policy of disclosing working exploitation tools has led to an enormous growth of the script kiddie scene.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Script_kiddies (492 words)

	CRACKER - Definition
		A thin, dry biscuit, often hard or crisp; as, a Boston cracker; a Graham cracker; a soda cracker; an oyster cracker.
		Crackers tend to gather in small, tight-knit, very secretive groups that have little overlap with the huge, open hacker poly-culture; though crackers often like to describe themselves as hackers, most true hackers consider them a separate and lower form of life, little better than virus writers.
		Ethical considerations aside, hackers figure that anyone who can't imagine a more interesting way to play with their computers than breaking into someone else's has to be pretty losing.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/cracker (400 words)

	Defensive programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many of these techniques also improve general quality of code, because almost any major bug can be potentially used by a cracker for a denial-of-service attack or other attack.
		One of the most common problems is unchecked use of constant-size structures and functions for dynamic-size data (the buffer overflow problem).
		Crackers are likely to invent new kinds of incorrect data.
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/Secure%2Bcoding%2Bpractice (598 words)

	* Cracker - (Computing): Definition
		Cracker - This is the common term used to describe a malicious hacker, though it also can refer to code breakers.
		A person who attempts to break into a or computer system, often with the intent to steal material or perform malicious destruction of files or just to show it can be done.
		Finger information has been frequently used by crackers as a way to initiate a social engineering attack on a company's computer security system...
	en.mimi.hu /computing/cracker.html (505 words)

	GeodSoft How-To: Cracking Passwords Techniques
		Since the cracker presumably already has some degree of access to the target machine (cracking can only be performed when the attacker already possess the password hashes), it's not likely that unprivileged accounts will be of much value to the intruder but the techniques for obtaining passwords are the same regardless of the target account.
		The cracking times table shows that with the computing power currently available and for the next several years, eight character passwords (the traditional length limit on UNIX systems) can be chosen that will not be cracked by brute force techniques but still most passwords are poorly chosen and fit some predictable characteristics.
		Even if a cracker has a thousand times more power available than assumed, e.g., 100,000 is significantly low and the crackers has lot of fast computers or a supercomputer, it's very easy to find passwords that can't easily be cracked.
	geodsoft.com /howto/password/cracking_passwords.htm (2575 words)

	Smart Computing Article - Close Your Ports' Vulnerabilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A hacker was a person who dug into computers and their software to make them work better and faster, someone who "hacked" away at a piece of code or hardware until it was right.
		In this sense, preventing crackers is a kind of civic responsibility: You should be no more willing to give thieves or terrorists access to your PC than to your house or phone.
		Crackers even engage in a process called social engineering to gain access; in this nontechnical process, a cracker simply asks people for their usernames and passwords, sometimes by posing as a company officer or security expert.
	www.smartcomputing.com /editorial/article.asp?article=articles/2003/s1405/18s05/18s05.asp&emid=87416 (3113 words)

	Fall 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Computing Services fully supports Kweb and will be happy to assist you with this upgrade.
		The second run will occur within one to two weeks of the first, and is primarily intended to provide those who elected to change their passwords with validation as to the security of the new one.
		Computing Services will communicate directly with AMS users to assist their transition to Cyrus and will provide documentation for using restricted bboards from supported Cyrus clients.
	www.cmu.edu /computing/cursor/2001_issues/2001_fall.html (4535 words)

	Vogon International Press Releases - New Password Cracker Speeds up Computer Forensic Investigations
		The Password Cracker identifies and removes passwords from platter locked hard drives used in laptop computers and will be a major timesaver in field or covert investigation work.
		Vogon’s Password Cracker attaches via the target drive’s own interface and uses a small database to retain the captured password whilst the drive is accessed.
		The Password Cracker is provided as an optional add-on hardware module to Vogon International’s VBus Modular System, which combines imaging software, write-blocking hardware and the appropriate remote pod to provide connectivity to the relevant hard drives.
	www.vogon-international.com /pr/en/pr_en_new_password_cracker.htm (385 words)

	H/Cracker sentences too stiff? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Earlier this month we reported on a cracker who had managed to gather personal information from sniffers he had installed on public machines at Boston College.
		Yesterday the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers published a paper (PDF) endorsed by the EFF that argues that sentencing for crackers is indeed too harsh.
		Still, crackers are in a unique position to cause extensive damage to public and private institutions, and some would argue that the stiff sentences serve as deterrents to potential offenders.
	arstechnica.com /news/posts/1045791348.html (701 words)

	Talk:Cracker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I have on my self at home a box of Table Water Crackers from Carr's of Carlysle, Made in England.
		I guess Cracker should be either a disambiguation page or retained for the biscuit.
		Disambiguation is best, since most of the pages that link here want Cracker (computing).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Cracker (140 words)

	Rob Slade's Security Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In ISA or Wintel computers, the term is not well defined, although it is generally accepted to be the system boot record, and thus the first physical sector on floppy diskettes and the first logical sector on hard disks.
		In ISA computers, when MS-DOS was the dominant operating system and before widespread use of public networks for data transfer, BSIs were the most successful form of virus, and were considered to be BIOS viruses.
		Computer mythology credits Grace Murray Hopper with the invention of the term "bug," but it was known to have been used in engineering circles in the nineteenth century, and Hopper herself referred to the "[f]irst actual case of bug being found" in a machine.
	www.soci.niu.edu /~rslade/secgloss.htm (14720 words)

	Jehad.net - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jehad.net is a website formerly owned by Islamic militants that was taken down by a cracker from the United States.
		He guessed the answer to the secret question of the MSN Hotmail account of Julliou Armani, the man listed as the contact for jehadonline.org.
		The e-mail cracker proceeded to take Jehad.net and Jehadonline.org (configured to the same site) from the organization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jehad.net (179 words)

	Script kiddie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In computing, a script kiddie (occasionally script bunny or script kitty) is a derogatory term for inexperienced crackers who use scripts and programs developed by others for the purpose of compromising computer accounts and files, and for launching attacks on whole computer systems (see DoS).
		00:58 <@Flanders> Crackers don't use any type of brute force method 00:58 this bot 00:58 is edited 00:59 <@Flanders> That's what I said 00:59 by me 00:59 <@Flanders> You edited it.
		Notice how he insists that he is a cracker.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Script_kiddie (699 words)

	Smart Computing Article - Firewalls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Technically, a hacker is someone sharp enough to break into your computer and cause mischief but who refuses to do so; a cracker is a hacker with mayhem as his or her intent.) A spammer could be, without your knowledge, using your computer to relay e-mail advertisements for miracle hair tonic.
		But computers that are connected to the Internet for longer periods are much more vulnerable and need to be protected.
		Another technique, stateful inspection, involves ensuring that every packet passed to the computer must be part of an existing and valid connection, so crackers can't use invalid fragments to confuse or crash the computer.
	www.smartcomputing.com /editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/l0712/30l12/30l12.asp&guid=xh868rry&searchtype=&WordList (3634 words)

	The Ultimate Alphanumeric code - American History Information Guide and Reference
		In general, in computing, an alphanumeric code is a series of letters and numbers (hence the name) which are written in a form understandable and processable by a computer.
		This is possible to do with a (very) good understanding of the assembly language for the specific computer that the code is intended for.
		This code is used by crackers with the intent of fooling applications, such as Web forms, into accepting code used for exploit.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Alphanumeric_code (240 words)

	wiki/Cracker (band) Definition / wiki/Cracker (band) Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Cracker is an AmericanThe United States of America, also referred to as the United States, U.S.A., U.S., US, America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia, is a federal republic of fifty states, mostly in central North America.
		The U.S. has three land borders, two with Canada and one with Mexico, and is otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, the Arctic Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean.
		In 1995, Cracker contributed the song "Good Times Bad Times" to the Encomium tribute album to Led ZeppelinLed Zeppelin was a British band noted for their innovative, influential approach to heavy blues-rock and as one of the most popular and influential bands of all time.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Cracker_(band) (491 words)

	Roaming charges: Spoofing the war drivers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Since the SSID is sent out unencrypted in the response packet, a cracker needs only to assign a passive sniffer to the network, and wait for a response packet to deliver the goods.
		Regardless of the package used (there are quite a few) a cracker has just two choices when it comes to detecting your network's SSID: active detection or passive detection.
		Active detection, in general, requires the cracker to be within transmit range of the AP.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/wireless/library/wi-roam5.html (2298 words)

	Are they 'hackers'? Or 'crackers'? - Printer friendly - ZDNet UK News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In fact, it seems that from the start the word "cracker" was contrived and promulgated by the computing elite in an explicit attempt to distance itself from nefarious tinkerers.
		It seems reasonable that the computing elite, long-suffering in the defense of computer systems against miscreants, would hope for semantic distance between themselves and what they see as a separate, misbehaving subculture.
		Perhaps that should be "wither, then, cracker." Considering that 15 years of scolding have not been sufficient to bring the word to the mainstream, let's give it a rest.
	www.zdnet.co.uk /print?TYPE=story&AT=2078229-39020651t-10000022c (827 words)

	Cracker (computing) Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Looking For cracker computing - Find cracker computing and more at Lycos Search.
		Find cracker computing - Your relevant result is a click away!
		The term 'cracker' was coined by Richard Stallman to provide an alternative to abusing hacker for this meaning.
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Cracker_%28computing%29 (259 words)

	EFF: DES Cracker Project
		On Wednesday, July 17, 1998 the EFF DES Cracker, which was built for less than $250,000, easily won RSA Laboratory's "DES Challenge II" contest and a $10,000 cash prize.
		Since computer networks like the Internet are international in scope, strong encryption cannot be widely deployed in new software products to secure passwords and privatize messages, leaving them virtually unprotected from those who would gain unauthorized access or make unauthorized copies.
		EFF set out to design and build a DES Cracker to counter the claim made by U.S. government officials that American industry or foreign governments cannot decrypt information when protected by DES or weaker encryption, or that it would take multimillion-dollar networks or computers months to decrypt one message.
	www.eff.org /Privacy/Crypto/Crypto_misc/DESCracker (1259 words)

	Smart Computing Editorial
		security issues, cracker motivation, and the additional steps you can take to protect yourself, the easier it will be to enjoy the freedom that wireless networking offers without worrying about cybercrime.
		A resourceful cracker may not even take this long: an ATandT study conducted in 2001 showed that someone with the proper tools and significant computing resources could exploit other WEP weaknesses in as little as 15 minutes.
		This forces the cracker to take the extra step of plucking an authorized MAC address from the airwaves and then changing his to match.
	www.tristate.edu /faculty/barge/articles/wlanSecurity.htm (2141 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Hacker Cracker: A Journey from the Mean Streets of Brooklyn to the Frontiers of Cyberspace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As the full title suggests, Ejovi Nuwere's Hacker Cracker: A Journey from the Mean Streets of Brooklyn to the Frontiers of Cyberspace is a coming of age story of a boy as he physically, emotionally and intellectually matures.
		Although his computing exploits may be interesting to the "techies" of the world, I fear that lay people will struggle to retain interest during those sections of the book.
		He does mention a lot of computer terms and Unix commands (like "init 5") and although there is a glossary at the back of the book, I think the typical computer user might have trouble figuring it out.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0066210798?v=glance (2130 words)

	cracker - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A cracker is someone who breaks into someone else's computer system, often on a network; bypasses passwords or licenses in computer programs; or in other ways intentionally breaches computer security.
		A cracker can be doing this for profit, maliciously, for some altruistic purpose or cause, or because the challenge is there.
		The term "cracker" is not to be confused with "hacker".
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,289893,sid9_gci211852,00.html (166 words)

	Geek.com Geek News - Microsoft to cut employee benefits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		If i were a Cracker intent on causing mischief i would try to do so on as large a scale as i could.
		You see, "cracker" is some made-up term coined by the computer language and jargon police.
		Crackers tend to gather in small, tight-knit, very secretive groups that have little overlap with the huge, open poly-culture this lexicon describes though crackers often like to describe _themselves_ as hackers, most true hackers consider them a separate and lower form of life.
	www.geek.com /news/geeknews/2004May/gee20040521025267.htm (6767 words)

	[F/OSS-Discuss] Fwd: [Air-l] Cultures of Programming, AoIR pre-conference workshop
		Both open and ubiquitous computing are predicated on the > development and commodification of standards and the construction of > large-scale computing infrastructures.
		In addition, ubiquitous and open computing is also > confronted with the nightmare of the cracker, the unscrupulous > individual able to manipulate and use computing infrastructures for > their own benefit.
		Understanding > hacker cultures - their history, motivation, and material practices - > can help us gain insights not only to the history of computing, but > also > a better understanding of what is happening right now and what will > happen on the Internet and in computing in the near future.
	opensource.mit.edu /pipermail/discuss/2004-June/000417.html (594 words)

	Construct your own festive crackers
		After returning from a trip to Paris in 1840 with a 'bon bon' (a sugared almond wrapped in a twist of tissue paper), he was inspired.
		For seven years he made modifications to his idea such as developing a chemical 'cracking mechanism' made of saltpetre that would create a 'pop' when the wrapping was broken.
		Of course we all know that the joy of the cracker is not the sudden explosion of the cracker itself, but the prizes inside.
	www.microsoft.com /canada/home/projectsandcrafts/2.5.24_constructyourownholidaycrackers.asp (619 words)

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