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Topic: Cracking (chemistry)

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Catalytic cracking

Burton process

Steam cracking

Catalytic reforming

Catalyst

Alkylation

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Pyrolysis

Haber process

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	Environmental chemistry Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Environmental chemistry is an interdisciplinary science that includes atmospheric, aquatic and soil chemistry, as well as heavily relying on analytical chemistry and being related to environmental and other areas of science.
		Environmental chemists draw on a range of concepts from chemistry and various environmental sciences to assist in their study of what is happening to a chemical species in the environment.
		Environmental chemistry is used by the Environment Agency (in England and Wales), the Environmental Protection Agency (in the United States), and other environmental agencies and research bodies around the world to detect and identify the nature and source of pollutants.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Environmental_chemistry.html (697 words)

	Cracking :: Hacking : Gourt
		Cracking (chemistry) is the decomposition of complex organic molecules into smaller ones.
		Cracking knuckles is the practice of manipulating one's fingers such that the knuckle joints produce a sharp sound, likened to cracking.
		Cracking can be defined as the act of entering a computer or computer network by force, where hacking is the act of manipulating one's way through a computer or computer network.
	computers.gourt.com /Hacking/Cracking.html (290 words)

	Alkane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		An alkane in organic chemistry is a type of hydrocarbon in which the molecule has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and so has no double bonds (they are saturated).
		The thermal cracking process follows a mechanism that is bonds break symmetrically and pairs of free radicals are formed.
		The catalytic cracking process the presence of acid catalysts (usually solid acids such as silica-alumina and zeolites) which promote a heterolytic (asymmetric) breakage bonds yielding pairs of ions of opposite usually a carbo cation and the very unstable hydride anion.
	www.freeglossary.com /Alkane (602 words)

	Cracking
		Contrary to widespread myth, this does not usually involve some mysterious leap of hackerly brilliance, but rather persistence and the dogged repetition of a handful of fairly well-known tricks that exploit common weaknesses in the security of target systems, such as buffer overflows and heap overflows.
		In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules (e.g.
		The rate of cracking is strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of any catalysts.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cr/Cracking.html (125 words)

	Glencoe Science - Chemistry: Matter and Change - Problem of the Week - Chapter 22
		Cracking is accomplished by different methods in the cracking unit of a petroleum refinery.
		Thermal cracking occurs when heavy crudes are heated to high temperatures often under high pressures to break the bonds in these larger molecules forming smaller more usable hydrocarbons.
		Steam cracking is a method that involves the use of high temperature steam to break smaller alkanes and form alkenes.
	www.glencoe.com /sec/science/chemistry/mc/pow/chapter22.shtml (442 words)

	Why Study Chemistry?
		The discovery of catalytic cracking and reformulation of petroleum allowed 80% of a barrel of crude oil to be used as gasoline, rather than the 50% available without this chemistry.
		Chemistry is important to most scientific disciplines ranging from molecular biology to astrophysics.
		Chemistry is poised as never before to enter a new period of fruitful inquiry because of advances in theory, discoveries in synthetic chemistry, and the development of new classes of miniaturized analytical equipment.
	www.msstate.edu /dept/Chemistry/undergrad/whychem.htm (298 words)

	Chemistry - Related Items - MSN Encarta
		Inorganic Chemistry, study of chemical elements and non-carbon compounds
		Physical Chemistry, study of physical properties of substances
		, chemical process by which a chemical compound, usually organic, is broken down or cracked into simpler compounds.
	encarta.msn.com /related_762504460_15.16/cracking.html (35 words)

	cracking Page - fable keygen
		Security cracking, the defeating of security devices in computer networks,the process of gaining unauthorized access to a computer system (typically carried out by a fl-hat hacker).
		Cracking can be defined as the act of entering a computer or computer network by force, whereas hacking does so by manipulation.
		Crack is sometimes a vulgarism for this separation between the buttocks.
	www.patpress.com /A---J/cracking.php (316 words)

	Alkane - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		An alkane in organic chemistry is a type of hydrocarbon in which the molecule has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and so has no double bonds (they are saturated).
		The thermal cracking process follows a homolytic mechanism, that is, bonds break symmetrically and thus pairs of free radicals are formed.
		The catalytic cracking process involves the presence of acid catalysts (usually solid acids such as silica-alumina and zeolites) which promote a heterolytic (asymmetric) breakage of bonds yielding pairs of ions of opposite charges, usually a carbocation and the very unstable hydride anion.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=639 (751 words)

	Corrosion in Nuclear Power Plants
		Stress corrosion cracking is the growth of cracks in metallic materials, enhanced by both stress and corrosion.
		If indications of cracking are found during the annual refuelling outage, a decision has to be made whether maintenance work will be carried out right away or whether it can be postponed so that it can be included in the planned repair work for the following year.
		Factors determining the speed of cracking are one of the main subjects of stress corrosion research.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1196 (709 words)

	Cracked Tooth -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A vocal crack is an obvious switch in vocal registration cause by the singer's vocal apparatus's inability to handle the vocal tension required in maintaining a given pitch while simultaneously changing vocal dynamic.
		Unfortunately for "Cracked", the magazine was never able to attract and retain the level of talent that the better-paying, better-selling MAD could.
		Cracking knuckles is the practice of manipulating one's fingers such that the joints (most usually the knuckle joint) produces a sharp sound, likened to cracking (also likened to popping, etc).
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/37/cracked-tooth.html (1035 words)

	TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR ALUMINUM WELDING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This form of cracking in aluminum is typically caused by a combination of metallurgical weaknesses of the weld metal as it solidifies with transverse stress applied across the weld.
		The method of ensuring the avoidance of the critical chemistry range is based on the understanding of the relative crack sensitivity curves as seen in Fig 2.
		These types of chemistry cracking problems are usually addressed through weld joint design to ensure maximum filler alloy dilution through increased bevel angles and joint spacing.
	www.alcotec.com /attsaw.htm (2950 words)

	Current Topics in Chemistry - Wade - Chapter 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It was the Exxon Corporation that commercialized "Fluid Catalytic Cracking" in 1942 with the startup of their Baton Rouge, Louisiana, facility.
		catalytic cracking tower or a catalytic cracking unit.
		Estimate the diameter of the spherical cavity of the "Linde A" zeolite.
	www.missouri.edu /~chemrg/wade/chapter7/wnews_7n.html (485 words)

	Organic Chemistry
		Alkenes are obtained by the cracking of alkanes.
		Cracking is the breaking up of alkanes into smaller alkanes and alkenes either by heat alone (thermal cracking) where the products are unpredictable, or by heat and a catalyst (catalytic cracking) where the products are more predictable.
		Ethene is the major chemical feedstock and is obtained by the thermal cracking of a) the naphtha fraction of crude oil and b) ethane from the gas fraction ('natural gas liquids').
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/5226/organic.html (2599 words)

	Alkylation - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Most crude oils contain only 10 to 40 percent of their hydrocarbon constituents in the gasoline range, so refineries use cracking processes, which convert high molecular weight hydrocarbons into smaller and more volatile compounds.
		Combining cracking, polymerization, and alkylation can result in a gasoline yield representing 70 percent of the starting crude oil.
		More advanced processes, such as cyclization of paraffins and dehydrogenation of naphthenes to form aromatic hydrocarbons in a catalytic reformer, have also been developed to increase the octane rating of gasoline.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Alkylation (378 words)

	Academic Staff : School of Chemistry : University of Melbourne
		cracking of oil to give petroleum products, and in nature, is not particularly well understood.
		Part of the reason for this lies in the difficulty in studying the interface, which is only a few hundred pm thick, between two phases in situ.
		The surface chemistry involved in these processes is being studied.
	www.chemistry.unimelb.edu.au /people/grieser.php (518 words)

	Cracking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Cracking knuckles is the practice of manipulating one's...
		In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules (e.g.
		Cracking Dams Cracking Dams Here are a series of WebQuests designed to introduce students to civil engineering projects, such as dam building, and "to show how simulation is used in engineering." It is divided into three levels: beginning (K-4...
	www.fluecrack.com /cracking (815 words)

	Hydrocarbon Cracking
		In chemistry we relate macroscopic, observable change to transformations at the molecular level that go unseen through the shorthand of symbolic representation.
		In the late 19th century, crude oil, as recovered from the ground, could be distilled to separate the liquid materials by their boiling points.
		Remember that the cracking operation is FAR from the standard state.
	www.chemcases.com /fuels/fuels-b.htm (1186 words)

	Chemistry.org: Science that Matters - brought to you by the American Chemical Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The chemistry of catalysts is also very important to the industry.
		A solid foundation in organic and physical chemistry is vital, and analytical chemistry skills are extremely important.
		While in school, developing a strong foundation in organic chemistry is important, but broadening your skills with courses in industrial chemistry and business will make you a more attractive candidate.
	www.chemistry.org /portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=vc2\3wk\wk3_o_p.html (1433 words)

	Hydrocarbon Cracking
		In chemistry we relate macroscopic, observable change to transformations at the molecular level that go unseen through the shorthand of symbolic representation.
		In the late 19th century, crude oil, as recovered from the ground, could be distilled to separate the liquid materials by their boiling points.
		Remember that the cracking operation is FAR from the standard state.
	chemcases.com /fuels/fuels-b.htm (1186 words)

	General & Reference Chemistry Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Often called the scientist's "authoritative source" of data, the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is consulted daily in laboratories, schools and universities, government agencies, medical facilities, and other institutions and offices around the world.
		This is chemistry - the composition and structure of substances composing all matter, and how they can be transformed.
		Whether you are studying chemistry for the first time on your own, want to refresh your memory for a test, or need a little help for a course, this concise, interactive guide gives you a fresh approach to this fascinating subject.
	www.chemistry.co.nz /book_store_general.htm (479 words)

	Pan America Environmental-Industrial Wastewater Treatment Systems
		Pan America Environmental manufactures emulsion cracking systems for emulsion breaking of a variety of waste types in industrial wastestreams.
		EC Series emulsion breaking systems are designed to remove free/dispersed and emulsified hydrocarbon products in wastewater streams through the use of chemical cracking technology.The emulsion is cracked via pH adjustment and/or emulsion cracking chemistry.
		The compact EC Series emulsion cracking systems are designed for above grade applications with many features and options to provide engineers, system integrators and end users with convenience and flexibility in system integration choices.
	www.panamenv.com /emulsion.html (175 words)

	"Sailboat" Chemistry
		is a mapping gimmick for chemistry teachers at the high school and college level of instruction.
		The mapping technique is an outline of the inter reactivity and synthesis of the 15 major types of organic molecules.
		Würtz, Cracking, Fuse, Neutralization, Hydrolysis, Dehydration, Grignard, and Esterification
	www.sailboatchemistry.com (186 words)

	Amazon.com: Cracking the GRE Chemistry Test, 2nd Edition (Graduate Test Prep): Books: Monique Laberge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Schaum's Outline of Analytical Chemistry by Adon A Gordus
		Writing a book that concisely yet succinctly covers every aspect of undergraduate curriculum in chemistry is a behemoth task, and it deserves credit for bringing up most of the material I've encountered in either other model tests, or the actual GRE I've taken.
		The question implicitly requires examination and interpretation of a graph; however, the graph is nowhere to be found with the question; in fact, it is located with the answers on page 281.
	www.amazon.com /Cracking-Chemistry-Test-Graduate-Prep/dp/0375762663 (2137 words)

	Chemistry : Cracking the Love Code
		CHEMISTRY: The ten biggest sexual turn-ons and turn-offs for women and men; questions to address before physical intimacy; how to achieve and maintain a satisfying sex life.
		Chemistry is the elusive quality that separates a romantic relationship from a platonic one.
		Because chemistry is such a powerful force, however, it has to be handled carefully.
	www.enotalone.com /article/6016.html (1529 words)

	Amazon.com: Cracking the AP Chemistry, 2002-2003 Edition (College Test Prep): Books: Paul Foglino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		And although I had studied the organic chemistry chapter in my textbook, this book predicted "very little actual organic chemistry on the AP test" and did not even include sample questions on this topic.
		But when I took the 2003 AP Chemistry exam, essay questions on both spectrophotometry, which is a rather specialized laboratory technique, and organic chemistry appeared.
		The study advice and sample questions in this book outline the basic areas of chemistry the exam covers and give the test's format, but are very misleading when it comes to the exam's level of difficulty.
	www.amazon.com /Cracking-Chemistry-2002-2003-College-Test/dp/037576223X (1889 words)

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