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	Labor Union - MSN Encarta
		Craft unions descend from the guilds of printers and shoemakers that started the labor movement in the United States.
		The expulsion stemmed from the conflict between the older craft unions, which claimed organizational jurisdiction over all workers in a particular craft, and the newer industrial unions, which organized all workers in a particular industry.
		The local in a craft union may represent all members of that craft who reside in a particular geographic area, usually a city or a metropolitan area.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553112_2/Labor_Union.html (1483 words)

	Trade union - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The legal status of trade unions in the United Kingdom was established by a Royal Commission in 1867, which agreed that the establishment of the organisations was to the advantage of both employers and employees.
		Unions of workers in the private sector are tightly regulated and overseen by the United States Department of Labor under the authority of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), passed in 1935, which is Administered by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).
		Unions for public sector workers are governed by labor laws and labor boards in each of the 50 states; in many states, typically those in the north, these laws and boards are modeled after the NLRA and the NLRB.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/t/r/a/Trade_union.html (3139 words)

	EMIRE: IRELAND - TRADE UNION STRUCTURE
		Craft union : The earliest form of trade union, one whose membership is restricted to a particular category of skilled or craft workers, for instance, printers, carpenters and so on.
		Membership of craft unions is usually restricted to those who have completed the recognised qualification for the craft or skill in question, frequently an apprenticeship.
		The largest white-collar union is the MSF, although the general unions have a large proportion of white-collar workers in membership, and trade unions representing clerical grades in the civil service and local government may also be classed as whitecollar.
	www.eurofound.eu.int /emire/IRELAND/TRADEUNIONSTRUCTURE-IR.html (870 words)

	Craft unionism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Craft unionism is perhaps best exemplified by many of the construction unions that formed the backbone of the old American Federation of Labor (which later merged with the industrial unions of the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO).
		These craft distinctions in the railroad industry were remarkably long-lived; the Railway Labor Act, passed in 1925, recognized the prevailing pattern of division of the workforce into "crafts" and "classes" and the separate craft patterns persisted into the late twentieth century.
		Craft unionism has not, however, disappeared: it is still the norm in the airline industry, survives despite much upheaval in the construction industry, and even appears, in very muted form, in some mass production industries, such as automobile manufacturing, where skilled trades employees have pressed their own agendas within the union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Craft_union (1479 words)

	union, labor - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		UNION, LABOR [union, labor] association of workers for the purpose of improving their economic status and working conditions through collective bargaining with employers.
		After the Civil War, in 1866, the National Labor Union was formed; it had such objectives as the abolition of convict labor, the establishment of the eight-hour workday, and the restriction of immigration, but it collapsed with its entry into politics in 1872.
		Many union movements in the underdeveloped countries, particularly in Asia and Africa, rising on the wave of nationalism, have led anticolonial movements toward political independence; the leaders of many newly independent nations have owed their rise largely to the support of workers they have organized.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-union-la.html (1678 words)

	Back to Basics
		AMFA is a Craft union that finds strength in the skills and knowledge of its membership, and for that very simple reason, AMFA seeks to constantly raise your levels of skill, and knowledge, as well as your working conditions and way of life.
		This is, of course, is in sharp contrast to the philosophies of craft unionism that uses its skill levels with which to bargain, and is constantly educating and nurturing its membership to maintain its strength.
		The craft union is likely to be more powerful that the industrial union in relation to employers, and craft union locals are likely to be more powerful than the national organization.
	www.angelfire.com /ok/yorktown77/basics.html (604 words)

	[No title]
		Craft unions, which are unions whose membership is workers of the same occupation, have been around at the local level since pre-Revolutionary times.
		Union membership has been on the decline in the private sector and on the rise in the public sector since the late 1970's.
		The Structure of Unions "The crucial distinction is between the craft union and the industrial union." (p.
	www.msu.edu /user/chris284/Rees01.doc (1452 words)

	Labor Unions - TYPES OF UNIONS, UNION GROWTH AND DECLINE
		Today, unions represent less than 15 percent of the labor force—and less than 10 percent of the labor force in the private sector (unions represented between 35-40 percent of public-sector workers in the late 1990s).
		The duties of a local union almost always include the administration of a union contract, which means assuring that the employer is honoring all of the provisions of the contract at the local level.
		In almost all local unions, the membership meeting represents the apex of power, as the officers of the union are accountable to the members much as the officers of a corporation are accountable to stockholders.
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /small/Inc-Mail/Labor-Unions.html (3432 words)

	Union History
		Craft guilds, first formed in the 12th century, included in their membership all those who were engaged in a particular craft.
		One of the worst setbacks for the trade union movement was the failure of the strike of iron and steel workers in 1919.
		Unions took advantage, however, of the high rate of employment, the relative scarcity of labor, and the tremendous industrial expansion during the war years to increase their ranks.
	www.uawtmmk.com /UnionHis.htm (4578 words)

	James Kennedy, "How the I. W. W. is Organized"
		The industrial unions of the workers in each in dustry must be brought together in one big union of the entire working class, so that the workers in each industry may co-operate with the workers in all other industries to control industry as a whole and run it for their own benefit.
		As in each of the industrial unions the general convention is the legislative body of the union, but all legislation passed must be ratified by referendum vote of the rank and file.
		Union longshoremen can refuse to handle munitions to be used against workers in any part of the world; or to load vessels beyond the safety limit.
	www.marxists.org /history/usa/unions/iww/1921/kennedy_how.htm (3497 words)

	Craft Unions
		Craft unions are the successors to the craft guilds of the Middle Ages.
		Thereafter, as long as a union did not include anything in its constitution regarding the exclusion of members because of race, that union was welcome to join the A.F. of L. Few women were members of craft unions because they were mostly confined to industrial and domestic positions, which were not organized.
		Craft unions require their members to maintain and improve their skills, which provides a basis for the union scale of wages.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1746.html (689 words)

	Civilization.ca - Canadian labour history, 1850-1999 - International unions
		Craft unions in the United States had evolved through the 1890s into what became known as business unions.
		These unions responded to the rise of corporate America by centralizing their own operations and decision making, hiring more permanent officials to oversee the operations of the union, and organizers to work full time on the difficult task of organizing workers.
		The success of the craft union movement was met by a stiffening resolve among corporate leaders to resist and, indeed, reverse union gains.
	www.civilization.ca /hist/labour/labh12e.html (940 words)

	Labor unions - Knowmore
		A union (labor union in American English; trade union in Commonwealth English) is an organisation formed by workers.
		Trade unions are often accused of benefiting the insider workers, those having a secure job and high productivity, at the cost of the outsider workers, consumers of the goods or services produced, and the shareholders of the unionized business.
		The ones that are likely to lose the most from a trade union are those who are unemployed or at the risk of unemployment or who are not able to get the job that they want in a particular field.
	www.knowmore.org /index.php/Labor_unions (2121 words)

	[No title]
		Alleged unlawful solicitation to report on union activities of other employees The facts as summarized show that shortly after the advent of a union campaign and invitations to a union meeting by Fleming, a union supporter, Respondent's supervisor Craft told employee White that the latter was not going to ``have'' or ``provoke'' a union.
		Craft's interrogation took place soon after the advent of the union campaign and was opposed by White.
		Fleming was a union activist, and the General Counsel has established a prima facie case that this activity was a motivating factor in Respondent's decision to issue a warning to him.
	www.nlrb.gov /nlrb/shared_files/decisions/301/301-137.txt (5086 words)

	Perry, "The Revolutionary I. W. W."
		The tendency in the craft union is to keep all workers out of the organization after a certain stage is reached.
		BY GROVER H. Craft unionism is the chief factor in creating scabs and the greatest stumbling block in the path of the laborer who wishes to improve his or her condition.
		If he dares to question the wisdom of the union in granting him these many benefits, the good union journeymen (who are afraid that he might learn to do the work that they are now doing) can and do make life miserable for him.
	www.workerseducation.org /crutch/pamphlets/perry.html (4854 words)

	Trade union - Knowmore
		Such examples would be, depending on the country, could be all the assembly workers for one employer, all the teachers in a local school district, or all the workers in a particular industry.
		Template:CommonsIn many countries, a union may acquire the status of a legal entity (called a "collective bargaining agent" in the USA) with a mandate to negotiate with employers to maintain and improve wages and working conditions for the workers it represents.
		The Harvard Trade Union Program is now currently part of a broader initiative at Harvard Law School called the Labor and Worklife Program (http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/lwp) that deals with a wide variety of labor and employment issues from union pension investment funds to the effects of nanotechnology on labor markets and the workplace.
	www.knowmore.org /index.php/Trade_union (2947 words)

	industrial union. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		labor union composed of all the workers in a given industry, regardless of skill, craft, or occupation (as opposed to the craft union, in which all members are of one skill, such as carpenters or electricians).
		The industrial union is sometimes referred to as a vertical union, since it accepts workers from the least to the most skilled as members.
		Three kinds of industrial unions were recognized—those consisting of all employees working on the same commodity (e.g., electrical workers or brewery workers), those using the same tools to work on different materials (e.g., textile and aluminum workers), and all employees of a given factory regardless of their particular skill.
	www.bartleby.com /65/in/indust-uni.html (420 words)

	Rail Carriers Submit Union Busting Proposal
		Rail workers and their unions are covered by the Railway Labor Act which predates the National Labor Relations Act, the legislation passed in the 1930s to protect most other private sector workers' rights to organize and strike.
		Unfortunately, in the face of this assault, the two craft unions that represent train and engine employees -- the BLEandT and the UTU -- are beset by division and scandal.
		In addition, the leadership of all craft brotherhoods should immediately sound the alarm to their respective memberships -- an injury to one is an injury to all.
	radio.weblogs.com /0118868/stories/2004/12/01/railCarriersSubmitUnionBustingProposal.html (1683 words)

	Mission Statement IUOE450
		The four functions of unions in the United States are to pursue policies and initiatives that enable them to better represent their members, negotiate with employers, recruit new members, and engage in politics by supporting political candidates who are favorable to them and by working to influence legislation which effects its members.
		Membership in a craft union is composed of those who practice an established craft or trade, for example, electricians, carpenters, and operating engineers.
		The national union is composed of locals and intermediate bodies and is the kingpin in the trade union structure.
	www.iuoe450.org /mission.htm (1910 words)

	craft - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		Usage Note: Craft has been used as a verb since the Old English period and was used in Middle English to refer specifically to the artful construction of a text or discourse.
		In recent years, crafted, the past participle of craft, has enjoyed a vogue as a participle referring to well-wrought writing.
		Craft is more acceptable when applied to literary works than to other sorts of writing, and more acceptable as a participle than as a verb.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/craft (470 words)

	ASI University Union :: Craft Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Craft Center gets 2000lbs of clay donated and in partnership with the Art Department, brings in about 15 extra wheels and for 24 hours, the Craft Center is converted to a massive ceramics studio.
		Here, you heat the glazed bisque ware up to approximately 1800 degrees, rapidly remove the pottery from the heat and place it in a bin of combustibles, smother it, and as the combustibles try to burn next to the hot pottery, all the oxygen is pulled from the glaze, resulting in a variable metallic sheen.
		The Craft Center often participates during the open house weekend with examples, information, and demonstrations for all of the incoming students and their families to see.
	www.asi.calpoly.edu /uu/craftcenter/eventphotos.php (499 words)

	The Craft Union - AMFA2000
		Unfortunately, technicians are a small minority in this union and positions such as aircraft baggage handlers and clerical workers are seeking the same level of compensation -- despite the technician's much higher level of education and responsibility.
		To help you understand a little about what craft unionism is all about, the following tells you a bit about a craft union that has been representing select groups of aircraft maintenance personnel for 30 years.
		This was the beginning of an idea to create a mechanics union where the mechanics would be the majority in their own union and would negotiate their own contract.
	www.amfa2000.org /i_craftu.shtml (795 words)

	[No title]
		Article 12 stipulates that when employees are excessed out of their installation, the union at the national level may request a comparative work-hour report of the losing installation 60 days after the excessing of such employees.
		In the clerk craft these volunteers will retain their seniority and status however they will not receive retreat rights and will be unable to exercise their seniority for for bidding purposes for 180 days in the gaining office.
		No. Employees excessed into a different craft outside ofthe installation have retreat rights and may return, but are not required to return, to their former craft and former installation.
	members.aol.com /unionweb/philalocal/excessing.htm (4864 words)

	craft union definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		craft union definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Search for "craft union" in all of MSN Encarta
		workers' organization: a labor union for people who work at a specific skilled trade, as distinct from an organization for those employed in a specific industry
	ca.encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861688507/craft_union.html (82 words)

	UnionDemocrat.com - The Union Democrat Online
		This is not mass production; this is artful crafting," said the rod maker who spends 30 to 80 hours on each.
		From the gold rush towns of Jamestown, Sonora and Columbia, to the mountain communities of Twain Harte, Long Barn, Pinecrest, Dodge Ridge, Strawberry, to the Yosemite Gateway community of Groveland, the communities of Tuolumne County are diverse and uniquely rich in beauty and history.
		Whether you travel to visit the area, or are a life-long resident, you'll find The Union Democrat Online to be the source of information on Yosemite, Sonora, Dodge Ridge, the Mother Lode, the Sierra Nevada, Columbia, Twain Harte, Jamestown, Groveland and all the other fine communities of this area.
	www.uniondemocrat.com /news/story.cfm?story_no=21953 (1023 words)

	Socialist Viewpoint
		Some believe a craft union like AMFA replacing an established union such as the IAM is reactionary and should not be supported in principle.
		A corrupt and undemocratic “industrial” union, the argument goes, is still better for the rank and file than a democratic craft union.
		AMFA is a craft union with a philosophy of bottom-up unionism.
	www.socialistviewpoint.org /sept_03/sept_03_02.html (2779 words)

	Oregon State University Memorial Union
		The M.U. Craft Center strives to be a quality, affordable arts and crafts facility, where members can develop, explore and enhance their creative endeavors.
		The Craft Center is a well equipped crafts facility, providing a wide variety arts and crafts instruction, equipment, tools and studio space, that is open to all students.
		The Craft Center provides an alternative opportunity and in many instances the only option on campus, for students to learn or further develop their skills in fine arts and craft techniques.
	osumu.org /marketing_plans1c.htm (759 words)

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