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	Cranganore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Cranganore (modern day Kodungallur) was a famous and prosperous sea-port in the southern Indian state of Kerala, about 38 km from the present day Cochin.
		Thomas the Apostle of Jesus with his followers landed in Cranganore in the year AD 52 and preached the gospel.
		Cranganore was the capital of Cheraman Perumal, the emperor of Kerala, in the past.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/c/cr/cranganore.html (295 words)

	India's Malabar Christianity 1950 YEARS OLD
		Cranganore was already on the decline when the Portuguese arrived in India.
		Thus we can see from the foregoing accounts that Muziris or Cranganore was the most important city of South India, at least for considerable periods of time, that it was the capital of the Cheras, that it was prosperous on account of its trade relations with the East and the West.
		He points out that the data to identify Cranganore with the Gingaleh of Rabbi Benjamin are too vague, though the position of that place seems to be in the vicinity of Malabar.
	www.thinkers.net /writer/muziris.html (6227 words)

	St. Thomas Christians
		Four years later Paul V transferred him (1605) to the new See of Cranganore, which he created an archbishopric in order that the faithful brought to unity should not feel that the honour of their see had suffered any diminution of honour.
		On the arrival of the Dutch and the capture of Cranganore it became impossible for the Jesuits to retain the college at Vipicotta; they abandoned the place and removing to the interior beyond the reach of their enemies, opened a new college, at Ambalacad, whence they controlled their new missions on the east coast.
		The first task the new bishops had to face was to amalgamate in one harmonius whole the two sections of this Church, that which had been under the Carmelites with that which had belonged to the Goan or Padroado jurisdiction, for the two had been for long years in open antagonism.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/t/thomas_christians,saint.html (9690 words)

	Archdiocese of Verapoly
		This district was occupied in the first instance by a large community of Christians claiming to have been converted by St. Thomas the Apostle, and using a Syrian Rite.
		In 1838 by the Brief Multa praeclare jurisdiction was totally withdrawn from the Portuguese Sees of Cochin and Cranganore, though in many places the Portuguese clergy still remained in possession and maintained their claims to jurisdiction as derived from Goa.
		The Vicariate of Verapoly, which extended indefinitely even as far as Tanjore, was curtailed by dividing of the Vicariate of Quilon in 1845, and the Vicariate of Mangalore in 183.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/v/verapoly,archdiocese_of.html (812 words)

	Saint Thomas Christians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Thomas Christians (called Nasrani--Nazarenes--in Hindu) are groups of Christians in India whose roots go to the Malabar coast (now Kerala) in the first century CE and the seven churches that are believed to have been established by St. Thomas.
		And it was on a trading vessel plying between Alexandria and the Malabar coast that St. Thomas the Apostle arrived in Cranganore in 52 AD.
		They are in Cranganore, Paravur(Kottakavu), Palayoor, Kokkamangalam, Malayattoor, Niranam, Chayal (Nilackal) and Kollam (Quilon).
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/s/sa/saint_thomas_christians.html (732 words)

	Kodungallur : The Cradle of Christianity In India 2000
		The accessibility of Cranganore, by sea and by the backwaters, made it the foremost trading station of Kerala and India both for internal and foreign commerce.
		Almost all historians who have written about South India are uniformly of opinion that for considerable periods of time Cranganore was the pre-eminent trading station of India, at least as far as seaborne commerce was concerned.
		"It is to Cranganore that all Malabar traditions point as their oldest seaport of renown; to the Christians it was the landing place of St. Thomas the Apostle.
	www.indianchristianity.com /html/Books.htm (6641 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - INDIA: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Cochin Jews claim to have come to Malabar from Jerusalem after its destruction, and to have settled at Cranganore, a few miles north of their present location.
		In 1523 the Portuguese seized Cranganore and fortified it.
		Their flourishing city, which, according to Alexander Hamilton's account, had contained 80,000 families, was ruined, and the survivors went to Cochin.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=130&letter=I (1298 words)

	Welcome to Heritage Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In fact, the glorious Maharajas of Cochin who claim to have a long tradition extending over a period of 12 centuries had had their original residential headquarters at Cranganore (Kodungalloor) which in history referred to as Mahodayapuram.
		But, the severe and widespread flood of the year 1341 in the Periyar river brought with it mountains of sand closing the river-mouth into the sea at Cranganore, simultaneously opening a new river mouth at Cochin.
		Thus the importance of Cranganore as a natural port was suddenly on the decline.
	www.centreforheritagestudies.com /html/history.htm (664 words)

	Kerala Christianity Research Articles : Prof. Menachery
		Yule : "It is to Cranganore that all Malabar traditions point as their oldest seaport of renown; to the Christians it was the landing place of St. Thomas the Apostle.
		The Periplus : The author of the Periplus speaks in admiring terms of the chief Malabar ports of Muziris (Cranganore) and Barace (Porakkadu).
		The chief commodity exported from Cranganore was pepper and the fair reputation of Malabar pepper had already reached the four corners of the known world from the earliest centuries B.C. So much so it is called Yavana Priya (beloved of the Romans).
	kunjethy.tripod.com /MenacheryPapers (9121 words)

	History - Diocese of Kottapuram
		The very foundation of Cranganore became insecure, the entrance of her harbor became choked up and the remorseless monsoon washed away her bulwarks.
		As all the natural calamities tolled to death knell of the commercial prosperity of Cranganore so also the glory of the Malabar Church was lost either because of the little contact with the Roman Church or because of the lack of good and dedicated leaders.
		By the Brief "Multa Praeclara" of Pope Gregory XVI, dated 24th April 1838, the Sees of Cranganore and Cochin, which at that time included also Quilon, were annexed to the Vicariate of Verapoly which thus came to comprise the whole of Malabar.
	www.kottapuramdiocese.org /history.htm (1351 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - COCHIN: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		By the terms of the charter, engraved in Vaṭṭeluttu characters on the plate, Rabban, who is referred to as the prince of Ansuvannam, was granted seventy-two "free houses" and feudal rights in Ansuvannam, near Cranganore.
		The date of the charter can be fixed at about 750; it can not, for paleographical reasons, have been much earlier than this, nor later than 774, since a grant made to the Nestorian Christians at that time was copied from it.
		In 1565 they were threatened with the Inquisition by the Portuguese Christians settling at Cranganore, and fled to Cochin, where their number increased so rapidly that the Portuguese historian De Barros (1496-1570) refers to the King of Cochin as the "king of the Jews" ("Asia," III.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=558&letter=C (2025 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Bl. John de Britto
		In 1688 he was sent to Europe as deputy to the triennial Congregation of Procurators.
		Resisting urgent attempts to keep him in Portugal, and refusing the Archbishopric of Cranganore, he returned in 1691 to the borders of Madura and Marava.
		Having converted Teriadeven, a Maravese prince, he required him to dismiss all his wives but one.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08461a.htm (330 words)

	Thomma Parvam
		The request was granted and the Apostle accompanied Prince Kepha to Kerala, where headed by the other members of the Cranganore royal family three thousand non-Christians received the faith and were baptized in the course of eighteen months.
		Among these converts there were forty members of the Jewish community including Rabbi Paul of the Cranganore Synagogue where every Saturday the Apostle used to go and read and explain the Old Testament for the Jewish congregation.
		Accompanied by Prince Kepha, who was consecrated as the Bishop of Cranganore and Malabar, St. Thomas left Cranganore to preach the Gospel elsewhere.
	www.acns.com /~mm9n/Malankara/parvom.htm (1302 words)

	Cranganore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Cranganore is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar in 26 BC commissioned his prefect in Egypt, Aelius Gallus, to capture the port of Aden to attack the Ethiopians who controlled the trade from India.
		Amaury De Reincourt in his book, Soul Of India, records that "The brightest sun shining over Southeast Asia in the first centuries A.D. was Indian Civilization." [7] This maritime expertise helped disperse the Indian civilisation as far as the islands of Indonesia, Java and Sumatra.
	www.experiencefestival.com /cranganore (1143 words)

	webindia123.com-Kerala-Fairs and Festivals-temple festivals-Bharani-Kodungaloor
		The temple at Cranganore is an ancient one and it is dedicated to Bhadrakali.
		The word Kuruppa in Malayalam denotes small-pox and it has some affinity with the name in which the goddess at Cranganore is known.
		The goddess Kali or the 'fl one' known as Bhadrakali or the 'strong kali' is said to be the wife of Iswara.
	www.webindia123.com /KERALA/festivals/templefestival4.htm (796 words)

	wcr:08/30/1999 -- The unique church of southwestern India
		In the seventh century, because Muslim powers put Christians in jeopardy, the bones of St. Thomas are said to have been taken by Christians to Chios, Greece, and from there in 1258 to Ortona, Italy, where they rest today.
		According to information from Kodungallur (the present-day name for Cranganore), when celebrations took place in Kerala in the 19th century to mark the occasion of St. Thomas' arrival in India, "the Holy See offered a befitting gift to St. Thomas Christians in Kerala.
		Indeed, a leaflet on Kerala's Jews from the 400-year-old synagogue at Cochin, Kerala, indicates that "a Jewish merchant named Habban accompanied St. Thomas to southwest India in 55 AD and St. Thomas was welcomed by a Jewish flute girl.
	www.wcr.ab.ca /news/1999/0830/southwesternindia083099.shtml (863 words)

	The Archdiocese Of Goa and Daman
		On February 4, 1557, Pope Paul IV detached Goa from the Province of Lisbon and raised it to a Metropolitan Archdiocese, having as suffragans the dioceses of Cochin and Malacca (Malaysia).
		In the course of time, the Sees of Macau (China), Funay (Japan), Cranganore and Mylapore (India), Nanking and Peking (China), Mozambique (East Africa) and Daman (India) were created and made suffragans of Goa.
		In the same year, the Archdiocese of Cranganore was suppressed and its title was annexed to the Diocese of Daman, and, after the suppression of the latter in 1928, to the Archdiocese of Goa, From 1928, then, this Archdiocese is known as "Goa and Daman," and its Archbishop is also the Titular Archbishop of Cranganore.
	www.archgoadaman.org /Dioceses/index.htm (816 words)

	cranganore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A plan of Cranganore fort by Bellin, c.1747, with later hand coloring; an uncolored version
		"A plan of Cranganore [Kodungallur], Kerala, a maritime town of Southern India, on the Malabar coast - after it was rebuilt in 1709 - was engraved for Antoine-François Prevost's monumental 20-volume edition of L`Histoire Generale des Voyages published by Pierre de Hondt, The Hague in 1747-80."
		Cranganore in 1752, a view by a Dutch missionary
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/malabar/cranganore/cranganore.html (111 words)

	Migrant Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		They settled in Kodungalloor (Cranganore) enjoying many esteemed privileges granted by Cheraman Perumal, the then ruling emperor of Kerala.
		The influx of these immigrants with a bishop and clergy reinvigorated the Indian Church, enabling it to prosper as a privileged community in India.
		Residing on the southern portion of Cranganore they came to be known as the Southists in distinction from Northists, who were descendants of the native Indians converted by Apostle St Thoma'3 and were living in the northern portion of the town.
	www.kottayamdiocese.com /migrant_community.htm (1183 words)

	The Archdiocese of Ernakulam–Angamaly
		It is the birthplace of Mar Joseph Kariattil, Ph.D., D.D., who was consecrated Archbishop of Cranganore in 1783, at Lisbon but died before he arrived in Kerala.
		Angamaly was choosen as his residence by Mar Abraham, the last Chaldean bishop to be ruled over the St Thomas Christians.
		It continued to be the Metropolitian residence till Archbishop Ros shifted it to Cranganore.
	www.ernakulamarchdiocese.org /historicalplaces.htm (1713 words)

	Chapter COWRY <i>to</i> CRANGANORE of C by The Hobson Jobson Dictionary
		Chapter COWRY to CRANGANORE of C by The Hobson Jobson Dictionary
		This is from an old Hebrew translation of the 8th century copper-grant to the Jews, in which the Tamil has “The king…Sri Bhaskara Ravi Varman…on the day when he was pleased to sit in Muyiri-kódu…”—thus identifying Muyiri or Muziris with Cranganore, an identification afterwards verified by tradition ascertained on the spot by Dr. Burnell.
		1806.—“In like manner the Jews of Kranghir (Cranganore), observing the weakness of the Sámuri…made a great many Mahomedans drink the cup of martyrdom.…”—Muhabbat Khán (writing of events in 16th century), in Elliot, viii.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/260/1270/19965/2.html (469 words)

	Messianic Jews
		This migration is known as the Knanaya migration which is recorded by various historians as a historical fact.
		The descendants of those emigrants settled down at Mahadewar town in Cranganore with the patronage of the then Cheraman Perumal who ruled Kerala, are known as the Knanaya Community of Kerala.
		Until 9th century A.D the Knanaya Community stayed in Mahadevar town in Cranganore and thereafter they slowly began to settle down in the ancient trade centers of Kerala.
	www.drsusanjacob.jesusanswers.com /photo2.html (1965 words)

	Hobson Jobson Dictionary
		It is prominent in all the earlier narratives of the 16th century, especially in connection with the Malabar Christians; and it was the site of one of the seven churches alleged in the legends of the latter to have been founded by St. Thomas.
		They eventually established themselves there with a strong fort (1523), which the Dutch took from them in 1662.
		ed.) there are several good views of Cranganore as it stood in the 17th century.
	dsal.uchicago.edu /cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:675.hobson (599 words)

	Kodungallur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kodungallur (anglicised name: Cranganore) and known in ancient times as Shinkli, Muchiri (anglicised to Muziris), Muyirikkodu, Muchiripattinam was a famous and prosperous sea-port at the mouth of the Periyar (also known as Choorni Nadi) river in the southern Indian state of Kerala.
		A second-century papyrus from Egypt concerning the transshipment of goods originating in Muziris from the Red Sea to Alexandria attests the continued importance of the port in the Indian Ocean commerce a century after Pliny and the Periplus.
		Indian Christianity - The Glory that was Cranganore
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cranganore (898 words)

	St. Thomas Christians and other ancient Christian sects; evolution of Kerala religious history: a historical ...
		According to their tradition, he landed at Maliankara, near Cranganore in 52 A.D. He preached Christianity first among the Jews and then converted twelve Brahmin families from whom the Syrian Christians trace their genealogy.
		They claim that their ancestors made up of 72 Jewish Christian families from around Baghdad, Nineveh, and Jerusalem came to India under the leadership of one Thomas of Cana (the place where Jesus turned water into wine), a blood-relative of Jesus.
		These St. Thomas Christians followed the Aramaic language in their liturgy and were under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Oriental Patriarch of Celusia-Ctesiphon of Persia (Babylon) up until the arrival of the Portuguese in the fifteenth century.
	www.shelterbelt.com /KJ/khchristians.html (985 words)

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