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Topic: Cranial capacity

	Capacity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cranial capacity is a measure of the volume of the interior of the skull
		Seating capacity refers to the number of people who can be seated in a venue, either in terms of the space available, or in terms of limitations set by law.
		Capacity utilization is a term in economics referring to the relationship of actual to potential output of industries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capacity (277 words)

	Cranial Capacity - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Cranial Capacity, measure of skull volume, used to estimate brain size.
		Capacity, in relation to computers, the amount of information a computer or an attached device can process or store.
		Cranial Osteopathy, in complementary medicine, gentle manipulation of the cranial bones to correct displacements that may be caused by, among other...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Cranial_Capacity.html (102 words)

	Cranial capacity and IQ
		Years later when Galton's 1888 data were reworked the correlation between head capacity and college marks was found to be in the range of rs reported by Pearson (1902, 1906, 1926), Pearl (1906) and many others.
		Galton estimated cranial capacity by multiplying head length by head height by head breadth but he had no method of estimating the relationship between the variables except to show mean differences.
		In Table 1 correlations between head capacity and mental ability and head circumference and IQ are shown by age for four different sex-race groups and for the total group by sex.
	www.davidduke.com /library/intelligence/weber.html (1531 words)

	Sacral Cranial Therapy -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Cranial nerves are nerves which emerge from the brainstem instead of the spinal cord.
		Cranial nerves I and II are named as such, but are technically not nerves, as they are continuations of the central nervous system.
		''Cranial capacity'' is a measure of the volume of the interior of the cranium (also called the braincase or brainpan) of those animals who have both a brain and a cranium.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/128/sacral-cranial-therapy.html (294 words)

	Cranial capacity and endocranial casts
		However, a Melanesian with a cranial capacity of 790 cubic centimetres (cc) is said to be the lowest on record of a normal adult.
		Although mentally retarded adults have had measured cranial capacities of 511cc and 519cc which are equal to an adult gorilla’s, their behaviour was obviously not pongid.
		Paul Broca, who measured the cranial capacities of great and noble men to support his thesis that nobility had the highest capacity, was embarrassed by the measurement of the great mathematician K.F. Gauss who had an average brain of 1492cc.
	www.answersingenesis.org /tj/v4/i1/cranial.asp (3819 words)

	Alien Skulls
		As is obvious from the comparison with a modern human skull, the cranial capacity lies within the modern human range.
		The decrease of the cranial capacity (sudden at that -- the specimens of modern humans after about 10500 BCE have smaller craniums) is a puzzling matter, but that's another story.
		The capacity of the cranial vault (and thus the brain mass) and intelligence is not necessarily indicated by the other.
	www.bibliotecapleyades.net /esp_craneos_cristal_2.htm (1345 words)

	Endocranial Capacity in Early Human Cranium from Sterkfontein, South Africa
		The team concluded that the claim of an Australopithecus africanus individual with a cranial capacity of 600cc was incorrect, although at 515cc Stw 505 still represents the largest A.
		Another implication of the study, however, is to call into question the estimates for cranial capacity of several early human fossils that were measured using the same method that provided the 600cc estimate for Stw 505, for example OH 24, KNM ER 1813 and KNM ER 732.
		The problem for paleoanthropology appears to be not that we have underestimated the cranial capacities and, therefore, the evolution of early human crania, but that we may have overestimated.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/whatshot/1998/wh1998-1.html (554 words)

	Hominid Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A afareniss' cranial capacity was between 380 and 450 cm3, less than one-third of modern humans.
		Its cranial capacity was slightly larger, between 430 and 550 cm3.
		Between 1.6 and 2 million years ago was Homo habilis (handy human) with a cranial capacity as great as 600 to 800 cm3.
	bioweb.cs.earlham.edu /browse/hominid (436 words)

	Human Evolution Doesn'
		They were only perhaps 4 feet tall and though they were bipedal their cranial capacity was less than or the same as a modern chimpanzee.
		By 700,000 yrs later at 3.3 million years ago the cranial capacity had exceeded the chimpanzee (480 cubic in.) cranial capacity at 500 cubic inches.
		Later in time at 1.5 million years ago the cranial capacity had jumped to about 700 cubic inches with homo habilis.
	members.allstream.net /~fnojd/human.html (764 words)

	[No title]
		Ape brain case capacity is about a quarter to a third of ours and their heads and limbs are shaped differently from ours.
		From this bone the cranial capacity has been estimated to be between 1405 and 1600 ccs.
		When there is no skull cap to work with, the calculation of cranial capacity must be based on certain assumptions which may or may not be correct.
	home.eol.ca /~cumulus/Chimp/7.htm (1383 words)

	Genesis (Vol.2) - Pt.III, CH.4
		Perhaps the most succinct and comprehensive review of the significance of cranial capacity as an index of intelligence was written by Weidenreich in 1948.
		The cranial capacity of the first skull to be found is not much over 900 cc.
		All recorded facts indicate that neither the size nor the form of the brain, the surface of the hemispheres or their wrinkled pattern in general or in detail furnishes a reliable clue to the amount and degree of general or specific mental qualities.
	www.custance.org /Library/Volume2/Part_III/Chapter4.html (2622 words)

	Hominid Brain Evolution
		Its significance lies in the fact that a larger capacity was expected because of rumors that the interior of its braincase looked enormous compared with those of other australopithecines.
		The implication of Stw 505's surprising cranial capacity is that something is very wrong with the published record of early hominid cranial capacities.
		Come to think of it, they might want to examine the trends in cranial capacity at the front end of the fossil record too, because controversial new dates for some Java Homo erectus specimens (9) indicate that they (and their cranial capacities) may have occurred much earlier than previously believed.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/images/hominid_brain_evolution.htm (935 words)

	hominid2
		Individuals stood 1.1 to 1.4m and had a cranial capacity of 400 to 500ml.
		They were robust, large bodied individuals who stood 1.5 to 1.7m and had a cranial capacity of 1200 to 1750ml.
		Individuals stood 1.6 to 1.85m, had a cranial capacity of 1200-1700ml, and exhibited skeletal characteristics that we still share today including a small or nonexistent brow ridge, a short, high skull, and a developed chin.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/denbow/labs/hominid2.htm (638 words)

	Skulls from the Triangle of The Ancient Gods
		By interpolation, we can estimate the minimum cranial capacity at 2200 ccm, but the value can be as high as 2500 ccm.
		The shape of the skull may be a biological response--a survival of the species mechanism--to increase the brain mass without the danger of relegating the species to extinction and keeping a viable biological reproduction intact.
		The estimated cranial capacity ranges between minimum of 2600 ccm to 3200 ccm.
	www.xzone-radio.com /skulls.htm (1352 words)

	Creationist Arguments: Brain Sizes
		Because the brain does not fill the cranial cavity, the brain size is smaller than the cranial capacity, but the latter value is, obviously, the only one that can be determined from a skull.
		Creationist Marvin Lubenow (1992) states that the lower limit of human cranial capacity is 700 cc, a much lower figure than anyone else.
		Tobias (1970) says that according to Dart, "apparently normal human beings have existed with brain-sizes in the 700's and 800's" (maybe Molnar's claim is a mis-statement of this), and that the smallest cranial capacity ever documented is 790 cc.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/homs/a_brains.html (1323 words)

	PoliticsForum.org - View topic - Race differences
		Maxim, I believe that cranial size is the total volume/mass of the inside of the skull itself, while brain size indicates the actual volume/mass of the brain itself.
		The cranial capacity is the volume of the interior of the skull whilst brain size is the actual size of the brain.
		Obviously, the cranial size is the only one which can be determined from the skull of those measured and hence cranial size is sometimes used indifferently as brain size for conveniency.
	www.politicsforum.org /forum/viewtopic.php?t=52841 (5086 words)

	lab4
		I. Allometry is the study of the correlated growth of parts, and it is a useful analytic technique for understanding the relationships that exist between size, shape and function.
		Once again, we are interested in the way in which cranial capacity scales with body weight in primates, both in order to establish the allometric coefficient linking the two variables and to be able to identify significant departures from the line.
		In addition, by helping us to identify those species that do not display the cranial capacities we would expect from the allometric equation, the factors that affect cranial capacity can sometimes be identified.
	www.yale.edu /bio243/labs/lab4/lab4.html (2239 words)

	Comment on "The Brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis" -- Martin et al. 312 (5776): 999b -- Science
		Example of the dwarfing models presented in Table 1 showing the derivation of dwarf forms with the cranial capacity of LB1 from Ngandong H.
		Estimates of the body weight of a dwarf hominid with the cranial capacity of LB1 (400 cc), derived from various possible ancestral forms and following various dwarfing models (4).
		B yields a cranial capacity of 432 cc, close to that of LB1.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/312/5776/999b (1257 words)

	assign8.htm
		A key issue would be the size of its cranial capacity, but the Vertesszöllös 2 fossil is far too fragmentary to allow us to measure cranial capacity directly.
		However, the fossil does include two specific anatomical points, called lambda and opisthion, and based on the distance from lambda to opisthion on this fossil, Wolpoff estimated the cranial capacity.
		Of course, if cranial capacity does not have a high correlation with lamba-opisthion distance, then such an estimate would be fairly worthless.
	www.siu.edu /~anthro/welch/Anth305/assign8.html (418 words)

	Cranial Sizes Between Races
		And although there are studies that show there is a link between a brain size to body size ratio to intelligence, there seems to be some that decide to argue that the increased cranial size of certain races would not give that particular race an intelligence advantage.
		The only available correlations for fls are based on head length, width, and circumference (and cranial capacity estimated by formula from these measurements); as yet there are no reported correlations between IQ and directly measured brain size for fls.
		However, the head measurements are significantly correlated with IQ for age-matched whites and fls, both on raw measurements and on measurements corrected for height and weight, although the correlations are somewhat lower in fls.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=41347&page=3 (2692 words)

	Earliest Pleistocene Hominid Cranial Remains from Dmaniss, Republic of Georgia
		The cranial capacity is surprisingly small; the volume of each was less than 800 cc.
		Although the cranial capacity of the two individuals falls in the range of early Homo, such as H.
		The association of the early human fossils with the fauna provides a relative date for the cranial specimens and adds credibility to the dates obtained by absolute dating techniques.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/whatshot/2000/wh2000-4.html (884 words)

	Volume of a Human Brain
		"Living humans have a cranial capacity ranging from about 950 cc to 1800 cc, with the average about 1400 cc."
		Although the Neanderthal brain was larger than that of humans today, it does not mean that the Neanderthals were more intelligent, because brain size is related to body size and the temperature of the environment.
		The volume of a human brain, otherwise known as cranial capacity, varies depending on several factors, such as age, environment, and body size.
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2001/ViktoriyaShchupak.shtml (591 words)

	Intelligence as Judged by Facial and Head Forms
		But since we do not have such portraits (there may be a possible exception), (56) since we have only skulls and often only a small part at that, there really is no way in which we can assess their intelligence on the basis of bone structure.
		But it is very important to keep in mind that the human skull under certain conditions is very plastic and can, due to influences which result from eating habits, and certain diseases, be deformed in a way which increasingly approximates the gorilla-type of skull configuration.
		Nevertheless, under certain circumstances, a remarkable amount of brain tissue can be to all intents and purposes rendered inactive, and yet the patient may continue to act as an intelligent and effective member of society--indeed, more effective for the loss sustained.
	www.custance.org /old/earlyman/3ch4.html (4688 words)

	Fossil evidence for alleged apemen—Part 1: the genus Homo - Journal of Creation (TJ)
		Although there are variations between specimens KNM-ER 1470 and KNM-ER 1813, much of it can be explained, according to evolutionist Wolpoff, ‘if we assume that the larger crania and faces with powerful postcanine dentitions (and their structural consequences) of specimens such as ER 1470 reflect body size differences’.
		Although still not adult, the cranial capacity of these two Dmanisi specimens, assigned to erectus, would not be expected to expand significantly more.
		That is, the very units which comprise the gradual increase in cranial capacity over the span of the Pleistocene, cubic centimeters, cannot be demonstrably linked with real differences in behavior.
	www.creationontheweb.com /content/view/4450 (7976 words)

	Birdman Bryant: Another Roundhouse Punch for Tim the Unwise
		It takes four short paragraphs for you to stumble into your first logic fallacy, "racism is a false belief system, a belief in a racial differences in cranial morphology is racist, therefore a belief in a racial differential in cranial morphology is false", that's known as assuming the first premise.
		The stock response to this line of reasoning is that, cranial capacity is not an indicator of intelligence.
		The problem with that point is that Blacks do have lower IQs than Whites and smaller average cranial capacities and are also underachieving as a social group.
	thebirdman.org /Index/NetLoss/NetLoss-SBA-08-CalvinMHitsTimWise.html (1513 words)

	Assignment 1
		For Questions 1-4: Gould states that the hypothesis to be tested by S.G. Morton was "that a ranking of races could be established objectively by physical characteristics of the brain, particularly by its size." (p.83).
		However, Morton's actual implied working hypothesis (that is, the underlying causal relationship that he set out to demonstrate) was that cranial capacity (as a proxy measure of intelligence, which is itself a proxy measure of personal worth) is dependent upon race.
		capacities of his American Indian and Caucasian samples to
	www.cps.nova.edu /~cpphelp/class/psy0745/goulda.html (1013 words)

	hominids table (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		1166 cc cranial capacity; transitional form from H. erectus to H.
		1000 cc cranial capacity; reduced molars and snout; massive brow ridge and thick skull bones; modern post-cranial skeleton
		450 cc cranial capacity; "gracile" skeleton; large molars; reduced canines; parabolic jaw (dental arcade); bipedal
	www.unc.edu /courses/pre2000fall/anth10/hominidstable.htm (204 words)

	The Official Website of Representative David Duke, PhD » Intelligence: Heredity Vs. Environment
		The crudities of the cranial index have given way to the complexity of intelligence testing” (p.143).
		Brain size is of some scientific interest in relation to intelligence, presumably because the great increase of brain size in the course of human evolution resulted primarily from the selective advantage of the greater capacity for complex learning and problem-solving ability conferred by a larger cerebrum.
		It seems a natural question whether variation in brain size (or any other features of the brain) is related to differences in psychometric intelligence among contemporary humans.
	www.davidduke.com /?cat=6 (17752 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : IB Biology : Evolution : The Hominids
		Genetic evolution determines features such as basic anatomy eg maximum cranial capacity which in turn will determine "intelligence".
		eg Homo sapiens evolved with a large cranial capacity and modern brain structure 150 000a ago.
		Signs of symbolic thought processes in sculpture, wall paintings and adornments do not appear until 35 000a.
	www.saburchill.com /IBbiology/chapters02/030.html (386 words)

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