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Topic: Crater

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Crater Lake

Apollonius crater

Plato crater

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Gusev crater

Barringer Crater

Crater Lake National Park

Mono Inyo Craters

crater Eratosthenes

List of craters on Mars

Fra Mauro crater

The Battle of the Crater

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	Crater - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Craters are caused by meteorite impacts or electrical discharge, although some are caused by volcanic activity (see volcano for more details), or karstic erosion (see Karst Crater for more details).
		In the center of craters on Earth a crater lake often accumulates, and in craters formed by meteorites a central island (caused by rebounding crustal rock after the impact) is usually a prominent feature in the lake.
		Few underwater craters have been discovered because of the difficulty of surveying the sea floor; the rapid rate of change of the ocean bottom; and the subduction of the ocean floor into the Earth's interior by processes of plate tectonics.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /crater.htm (1823 words)

	Battle of the Crater - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of the Crater was a battle of the American Civil War, part of the Siege of Petersburg.
		Ledlie's untrained white division went across the field to the crater and, instead of moving around it, yielded to their curiosity and moved down into the crater itself, wasting valuable time while the Confederates, under Maj. Gen.
		Bushrod Johnson, and artillery slaughtered the IX Corps as it attempted to escape from the crater.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Crater (1043 words)

	AllRefer.com - crater (Geology And Oceanography) - Encyclopedia
		Complex craters have a raised central peak surrounded by a trough and a fractured rim.
		Craters that have been obliterated by erosion over thousands of years, leaving only a circular scar on the earth's surface, are called astroblemes.
		Craters are also commonly formed at the surface opening, or vent, of erupting volcanoes, particularly of the type called cinder cones, where the lava is extruded rather explosively.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/crater.html (582 words)

	Lunar Impact Crater Geology and Structure
		Bessel Crater, 16 kilometers in diameter and 2 kilometers deep, is an example of a transitional crater between simple and complex craters.
		The terraces and slump blocks on the inside of the crater rim and the relatively flat floor are both typical of large lunar craters.
		Copernicus Crater, 93 kilometers in diameter, is one of the youngest and freshest impact craters on the nearside of the Moon.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/science/craterstructure.html (1154 words)

	Sunset Crater, Arizona
		Sunset Crater is in the eastern part of the San Francisco volcanic field.
		The main crater at the summit is 400 feet (120 m) in diameter.
		This led to the establishment of the Sunset Crater National Monument.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/img_sunset.html (555 words)

	Impact Crater Images
		The crater was formed between 20,000 and 50,000 years ago by the impact of an iron meteorite weighing over over 60,000 tons.
		Crater Chains on the Earth and Moon by Bill Bottke discusses crater chains on the Earth and the Moon.
		Making a Crater Activity from the Lake Afton Public Observatory describes an exercise to show students how craters are formed and how some of the characteristic features of a crater are produced.
	www.pibburns.com /catastro/impactim.htm (938 words)

	Haughton Crater \| NASA Haughton-Mars Project
		The Haughton meteorite impact crater, on Devon Island, Nunavut, in the Canadian high arctic, is 20 km in diameter and formed 23 million years ago.
		It is one of the highest-latitude terrestrial impact craters known on land (75°22'N, 89°41'W).
		However, particularly distinctive at Haughton is the crater's allochthonous impact breccia formation, a rubble deposit resulting from the launching, airborne mixing, fallback and weak rewelding of impact-shattered fragments derived from the entire stack of excavated rocks.
	www.arctic-mars.org /about/crater.html (701 words)

	Ries crater
		Ries crater (diameter 25 km) is one of the youngest of the large impact structures on the Earth.
		The results are the big crater Ries (diameter 25 km, depth 240 m, it has two rings) and the smaller Steinheim (diameter 2.5 km, depth 100 m, it has a ring and a central peak).
		Today, the city of Noerdlingen lies in the Ries crater and the Noerdlingen church is made from impact rock (the biggest of its kind in the world).
	www.astro.hr /vsa97/eng/html/ries_crater.html (180 words)

	Terrestrial Impact Craters
		In larger craters, however, gravity causes the initially steep crater walls to collapse downward and inward, forming a complex structure with a central peak or peak ring and a shallower depth compared to diameter (1:10 to 1:20).
		The central peak or peak ring of the complex crater is formed as the initial (transient) deep crater floor rebounds from the compressional shock of impact.
		Chemical, isotopic, and age studies demonstrate that the crater is the most probable source for the Ivory Coast tektites, which are found on land in the Ivory Coast region of central Africa and as microtektites in nearby ocean sediments.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/tercrate.htm (2496 words)

	Dawson (crater)
		It lies across a crater triplet: the southeast rim is intruding into Alekhin crater; the northwest rim is also intruding into the larger satellite crater 'Dawson V', and the northeast rim is attached to the comparably-sized 'Dawson D'.
		West of Dawson is the Crommelin crater, and to the north lies Fizeau crater.
		The Dawson crater is a relatively young formation that lies in the midst of a field of ancient, heavily eroded craters.
	encycl.opentopia.com /term/Dawson_(crater) (219 words)

	Chicxulub crater, Mexico and the Cretaceous - Tertiary boundary
		Note that this image is not showing the shape of the crater; the negative gravity anomaly of the crater corresponds to the relatively low densities of the rocks within the crater (breccias and the melt sheet) and the Tertiary sediments filling the crater.
		Chicxulub is a peak-ring crater with a poorly known topographic ring occurring at 40 to 45 km radius from the crater's center.
		The edges of the crater correspond to a notch in the coastline in the east, and to a sharp bend southwards in the west.
	miac.uqac.ca /MIAC/chicxulub.htm (1701 words)

	Discovering the Crater
		It is a huge buried impact crater that is called Chicxulub, a Maya word that roughly translates as "tail of the devil." The crater, now buried beneath a kilometer-thick sequence of sediments, has been imaged using geophysical techniques that allow us to visualize underground structures.
		The asteroid or comet that produced the Chicxulub crater was roughly 10 km in diameter.
		The initial bowl-shaped crater was very unstable, and its walls quickly collapsed along a series of faults that enlarged the final diameter to between 145 and 180 km.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /SIC/impact_cratering/Chicxulub/Discovering_crater.html (783 words)

	USGS Photo Glossary: Pit crater
		The floor of the crater is covered by solidified lava that poured into the crater from the lower right (note fl lava flow at crater rim).
		Pit craters are circular-shaped craters formed by the sinking or collapse of the ground.
		No one has observed the formation of a large pit crater, but they are thought to form as a consequence of the removal of support by withdrawal of underlying magma.
	volcanoes.usgs.gov /Products/Pglossary/PitCrater.html (162 words)

	The Ramon Crater
		Unlike most rocks in the crater, the strange rectangular pipes on the hill are made of sand, the same kind found at the seashore.
		The most spectacular wadi in the crater is Wadi Nikarot (Grotto Riverbed in Hebrew) that begins in the northern Sinai and is 70 km.
		Several hillsides in the northeastern corner of the crater were once entirely covered by ammonite fossils (ammonites were spiral-shaped sea creatures who lived under water 50 to 90 million years ago, ranging from the size of snails to that of tractor wheels).
	mosaic.lk.net /g-ramon.html (1185 words)

	Crater of Diamonds State Park Arkansas - keep what you find in this finders keepers diamond mine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The Crater of Diamonds State Park, the only diamond-producing site in the world open to the public, stands out as a unique geological "gem" for you to explore and enjoy.
		Here, you are invited to prospect in the park's diamond search area, a 37-acre plowed field that is the eroded surface of an ancient volcanic pipe that 95 million years ago, through heat and pressure, formed the diamonds and other semi-precious stones lucky visitors find here today.
		According to the history of the Crater of Diamonds State Park, after a series of ill-fated mining ventures followed by tourist attractions, the site became an Arkansas state park in 1972.
	www.craterofdiamondsstatepark.com (414 words)

	Crater Lake National Park Information Page
		Crater Lake was the basis of much local Native American legend, as the stories of its creation have been passed down through the centuries.
		Nonetheless, the primary significance of Crater Lake appears to have been as a place of power and danger, renowned as a spirit quest site, yet also feared for the dangerous beings residing in the lake.
		The ritual significance of giwas, or Crater Lake, reflects a more general Klamath understanding of the natural world, involving not only reverence but the capacity for significant interaction with certain mountains, lakes, and streams, as the individual sought comfort, assistance, or power.
	www.crater.lake.national-park.com /info.htm (1179 words)

	Anomalous crater debris in Lunar Orbiter images of the Sea of Tranquility on the Moon - a deep unnamed crater which has ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Anomalous crater debris in Lunar Orbiter images of the Sea of Tranquility on the Moon - a deep unnamed crater which has few indications of an impact feature and is surrounded by odd linear depressions.
		This would not be surprising for an old crater, but this crater is not shallow as would be expected of an old crater, but deep and cone shaped as would be expected of a young crater.
		With all the collapse features, linear depressions, and dimple craters, this was an area which begged closer scrutiny, particularly the crater itself.
	www.vgl.org /webfiles/mike/crater1.htm (330 words)

	crater on Encyclopedia.com
		A caldera is a much larger crater, typically ranging from 3 to 18 mi (5-30 km) in diameter, and represents a considerable fraction of the volcano's basal diameter.
		Probing the Depths of Crater Lake: During much of its 100 years of National Park status, this national treasure saw little scientific study, despite significant environmental threats.
		The age of the Laguna Hule explosion crater, Costa Rica, and the timing of subsequent tephra eruptions: evidence from lake sediments.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/crater.asp (918 words)

	Ngorongoro Crater Lions: Captives in the Wild
		Each lion on the crater floor between 1975-1978 had been carefully catalogued on an ID card by the previous wife and husband research team of Jeannette Hanby and David Bygott, with one side of the ID card containing a series of closeup photographs, and a stylized drawing of the lion's face one the other.
		Genetics and reproductive physiology of the crater lions were assessed by comparing them with the nearby Serengeti lions, since long-term studies of the Serengeti population had shown that close inbreeding is almost nonexistant in that area.
		When I told him that I suspected the crater lions had been through previous periods of genetic decline, he led me into his large library and said, 'You should read these.' They were accounts of big-game expeditions that went into the crater in the early twenties.
	lynx.uio.no /jon/lynx/ngoro-e.htm (1209 words)

	Arizona - Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument
		Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument is the slightly clumsy name given to an area northeast of Flagstaff containing the results of much igneous activity - several colourful cinder cones formed by extinct volcanoes, and large expanses of lava and ash.
		Sunset Crater itself is a mile further; it is no longer possible to climb the 1,000 foot cone since the trail to the summit was closed in 1974 to prevent excessive erosion, but there is a very good loop path around the lava formations at the foot of the volcano.
		Lenox Crater: Other nearby cones have the same distinctive rusty colour, and some can be climbed for example Lenox Crater, west of Sunset - there is a steep half mile path through pine trees to the rim of the crater on top, from which many other cinder cones can be seen towards the south.
	www.americansouthwest.net /arizona/sunset_crater_volcano/national_monument.html (625 words)

	Endurance Crater :: Astrobiology Magazine :: Search for Life in the Universe
		Some rock outcrop is seen emerging on the hill to the left, indicating that the rover is driving through the eroded remnants of the crater's ejecta blanket and is getting close to its rim.
		The Eagle Crater rocks are believed to have been deposited in an open body of water.
		Just right of the center, on the far crater wall, rocks appear to form thick, massive layers, suggesting they may have been formed by a different geologic processes than the lighter rocks in the foreground.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article949.html (521 words)

	Lunar Orbiter: Impact Crater Geology
		Impact craters are produced by the collision of a meteorite or comet with the surface of the Moon, which ejects material and leaves behind a crater.
		The crater Tycho, 85 kilometers in diameter, is the youngest large impact crater on the Moon's nearside.
		Ejecta from this crater was spread across much of the nearside of the Moon and is visible in the form of bright rays at full Moon.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/orbiter/orbiter-craters.html (648 words)

	Crater Lake, Oregon
		Pumice from the Pumice Desert north of Crater Lake.
		Crater Lake is 1,932 feet (589 m) deep, making it the deepest lake in the United States.
		Bacon, C.R., and Druitt, T.H., 1988, Compositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/crater_lake.html (713 words)

	CBC News:Mars rover at risky crater edge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The crater is about 130 metres wide and more than 20 metres deep at it highest point on the rim, with cliffs up to 10 metres high.
		The slope and dry soil in the crater could prevent the six-wheeled rover from rolling out of the crater if NASA decides to send it in.
		Halfway around the Red Planet, its twin, Spirit, is heading toward a cluster of hills that may hold rocks that differ from the volcanic plain it is driving on.
	www.cbc.ca /stories/2004/05/06/sci-tech/rover040506 (319 words)

	Exploring Mars: Phobos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Phobos is the larger of the two heavily-cratered Martian moons and is dominated by three large craters.
		The crater is so large relative to the size of Phobos that the satellite probably came close to breaking up.
		The linear features and crater chains from lower left to upper right are believed to be results of the impact which formed Stickney crater.
	www.exploringmars.com /science/phobos.html (228 words)

	CVO Menu - Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
		Crater Lake, at 1,958 feet (597 meters) deep, is the seventh deepest lake in the world and the deepest in the United States.
		Crater Lake National Park is located in southern Oregon on the crest of the Cascade Range, 100 miles from the Pacific coast.
		Crater Lake National Park is accessible from the south and north via Oregon Highways 62 and 138, respectively.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/CraterLake/Locale/framework.html (1608 words)

	Crater (constellation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crater (Latin for cup) is one of the 88 modern constellations and was also one of the 48 listed by Ptolemy.
		It is said to represent the goblet of Apollo.
		This page was last modified 18:29, 27 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crater_(constellation) (391 words)

	Earth Impact Effects Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Such material may be distributed around a crater in distinctive patterns, forming "ejecta rays" or "ejecta loops", as well as partially building the rim.
		An impact crater of relatively small diameter, characterized by a uniformly concave-upward shape and a maximum depth in the center, and lacking a central uplift and rim terraces.
		Although it is by nature temporary, laboratory-derived scaling relations apply only to the diameter of the transient crater, not the final collapsed crater form.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /%7Emarcus/craterglos.html (222 words)

	SIR-C/X-SAR image Chicxulub impact crater site (JPL/NASA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		This is a radar image of the southwest portion of the buried Chicxulub impact crater in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
		It is this impact crater that has been linked to a major biological catastrophe where more than 50 percent of the Earth's species, including the dinosaurs, became extinct.
		The 180- to 300-kilometer-diameter (110- to 180-mile) crater is buried by 300 to 1,000 meters (1,000 to 3,000 feet) of limestone.
	www.islandone.org /Asteroids/chicxulub.html (272 words)

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