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	Cratinus - LoveToKnow 1911
		Roused by the taunt, Cratinus put forth all his strength, and in 423 B.C. produced the Hv-rivrl, or Bottle, which gained the first prize over the Clouds of Aristophanes.
		She demands a divorce from the archon; but her husband's love is not dead and he returns penitent to her side.
		According to the statement of a doubtful authority, which is not borne out by Aristotle, Cratinus increased the number of actors in comedy to three.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Cratinus (486 words)

	Cratinus Criticism and Essays
		A major force in shaping Athenian Old Comedy, Cratinus was one of the three greatest practitioners of the genre, along with Aristophanes and Eupolis.
		Cratinus is credited with composing the first fully-constructed comedy, one which boasted a defined literary style.
		Cratinus was frequently attacked by other playwrights, most notably Aristophanes, who referred to him as an adulterer, a drunk, incontinent, senile, and bad smelling, most notably in his play Knights.
	www.enotes.com /classical-medieval-criticism/cratinus/introduction (548 words)

	Cratinus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cratinus was victorious six times at the City Dionysia, first probably in the mid- to late 450s BCE (IG II2 2325.
		Cratinus was regarded as one of the three great masters of Athenian Old Comedy (the others being Aristophanes and Eupolis), although his poetry is several times described as relatively graceless, harsh, and crudely abusive (test.
		According to the statement of a doubtful authority, not borne out by Aristotle, Cratinus increased the number of actors in comedy to three.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Cratinus.htm (383 words)

	[No title]
		Persius calls the author " the bold," and even Pericles at the height of his power did not escape his vehement attacks, as in the Nemesis and Archilochi, the last-named a lament for the loss of the recently deceased Cimon, with whose conservative sentiments Cratinus was in sympathy.
		Roused by the taunt, Cratinus put forth all his strength, and in 423 B.C. produced the Hvrfvrl, or Bottle, which gained the first prize over the Clouds of Aristophanes.
		It is considered that some of the comedies ascribed'to the elder Cratinus were really the work of the younger.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=18176 (500 words)

	Cratinus
		Cratinus, Athenian comic poet, chief representative of the old, and founder of political, comedy.
		Roused by the taunt, Cratinus put forth all his strength, and in 423 BC produced the Bottle, which gained the first prize over the Clouds of Aristophanes.
		In this comedy, good-humouredly making fun of his own weakness, Cratinus represents the comic muse as the faithful wife of his youth.
	www.nndb.com /people/290/000096002 (478 words)

	Fenton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cratinus associates his poetic output with two sources of water, both located in the city of Athens.
		The other is the "Ilisos in [Cratinus'] throat." The Ilisos was known for its force during seasonal floods (Strabo 9.1.24); in addition, it was closely associated with literary inspiration, and was an important cult site for, among other divinities, the Ilisian Muses (Pausanias 1.19).
		Cratinus' connection between his poetic output and these specific sources of water allows him to make a programmatic statement as to the sort of poetry he writes: noisy and violent, but also vital and firmly based in the Athenian landscape and civil life.
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/99mtg/abstracts/Fenton.html (352 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 888 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cratinus the younger, an Athenian comic poet of the middle comedy, was a contemporary of Plato the philosopher (Diog.
		Cratinus does not ap pear to have been further employed in the other compilations of Justinian.
		Tanta^ § 9), and Cratinus is one of the eight pro fessors to whom the constitutio Omnem (so called from its initial word), establishing the new system of legal education, is addressed.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0897.html (982 words)

	Rise of the Actor's Profession
		The only piece of information upon the subject is to the effect that Cratinus was the first to limit the number of actors to three, and that before his time there was no regulation as to the number of persons introduced upon the stage.
		After the time of Cratinus there were no further innovations, and the number of actors in comedy was permanently fixed at three.
		Cratinus is mentioned as one of the old poets who were called "dancers," and it is therefore probable that he acted in his own comedies.
	www.theatredatabase.com /ancient/acting_001.html (3317 words)

	Cratinus’ Pytine
		Cratinus again was like a torrent of glory rushing across the plain, up-rooting oak, plane tree and rivals and bearing them pell-mell in his wake.
		Cratinus told her that it was necessary for him to drink wine, cause poets drinking only water (like Aristophanes!) are not able to write good plays (this is an important topic in ancient world.
		I think Cratinus wants to says this: "When you mix my wine 50% water and 50% wine, then I leave." Andrew Fenton pointed out that 'ektèkomai' is often said of liquids, so that Cratinus means that he needs this liquid (wine) to prevent that he is going to become another liquid.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Stage/9407/CratinusPytine.htm (1739 words)

	Cratinus
		Cratinus, son of Callimedes, was the eldest of that brilliant triad of the Old Comedy,
		Cratinus therefore fails to make this great step in which he was anticipated by his own actor, and adhered to and even aggravated the old style of violent personal invective.
		As regards his personal character, there is no doubt that he was much addicted to the wine-cup, as he himself admitted in his famous rejoinder to Aristophanes, in which he represented himself as having fallen completely under the influence of his mistress Pytine, i.e.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/ridgeway008.html (559 words)

	The Lost Dialogues--Pherecydes - Michael Katz - Eclectica Magazine v5n1
		Cratinus felt a chill and was silent himself, but soon he found courage and he said: "Good friend, you're obviously a stranger and you don't know the custom here.
		Cratinus stood up and said: "My good man, you're obviously attached to that axe of yours -- and a fine and unusual axe it is. Perhaps you fear for its safety outside the door with no one to guard it.
		But our young Cratinus was a well-muscled, graceful athlete; he gritted his teeth and he managed the clumsy weapon, he felt its heft, he swung the axe from side to side, and suddenly quick as you please he slashed and he cut off the giant's curly-haired head.
	www.eclectica.org /v5n1/katz.html (2552 words)

	Detail Page
		Cratinus (Greek: Kratinos) was Aristophanes' older contemporary and rival, and greatly influenced him.
		Cratinus' comedies, of which 27 titles and some 460 fragments survive, were presented in the mid-400s down to 423
		The play—clearly a burlesque on the recent outbreak of the very real and serious Peloponnesian War—contained much indirect ridicule of the Athenian statesman Pericles, who was cast as the meddling Dionysus, while his common-law wife, Aspasia, doubtlessly received a few hits as Helen.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=GRE0147 (335 words)

	Acts of Andrew
		5 The son of Cratinus (Gratinus) of Sinope bathed in the women's bath and was seized by a demon.
		Cratinus wrote to Andrew for help: he himself had a fever and his wife dropsy.
		Cratinus afterwards sent Andrew great gifts by his servants, and then, with his wife, asked him in person to accept them, but he refused saying: 'It is rather for you to give them to the needy.'
	wesley.nnu.edu /biblical_studies/noncanon/acts/actandy.htm (9259 words)

	EMORY CLASSICS: Publications\| Niall W. Slater
		The comic poet Sannyrion and the tragedian Meletos seem to appear together in Aristophanes Gerytades (fr.149K., 150K.); one wonders if Aristophanes is deliberately yoking two well-known enemies, since Sannyrion fr.2K calls Meletos 'the corpse from the Lenaion', which, whether personal or professional comment, can hardly have been complimentary.
		There are some comments of more critical substance, such as the well-known passage in Cratinus (fr.307K.) suggesting that Aristophanes imitates Euripides, and Eupolis fr.54K., which ridicules Aristophanes' use of the colossal statue of the goddess in his Peace.
		One difference is immediately apparent as we move into the world of Middle and New Comedy: there is no identifiable reference in any of the fragments to any comic play or playwright, past or contemporary.
	www.classics.emory.edu /indivFacPages/slater/slater03.html (1790 words)

	CRATINUS (c. 520—423 B... - Online Information article about CRATINUS (c. 520—423 B...
		Roused by the taunt, Cratinus put forth all his strength, and in 423 B.C. produced the Hvrfvrl, or See also:
		style of Cratinus has been likened to that of See also:
		Aristotle, Cratinus increased the number of actors in comedy to three.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /COR_CRE/CRATINUS_c_520423_BC_.html (633 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.09.33
		342); complaints about musical innovation, and the perception that the great age of poetry was ending at the close of the fifth century; the "dionysiac" poetics of Cratinus; both criticism of and engagement with the formal investigations of language and poetry being undertaken by sophistic thinkers; and the idea (already in Cratinus fr.
		CB is for the most part disinclined to draw inferences about a fragment's dramatic character and possible contexts, even when some speculation is required before we can make full sense of the poetics to which it appeals.
		In Cratinus 276, for example, the poet Gnesippus is equipped with a "chorus of plucker girls"--surely not what we would expect in a reference to a tragic poet, as CB assumes without comment.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-09-33.html (987 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 98.09.05
		He argues that Cratinus played a distinctive and significant role in the use of mythology, politics and history on the Greek comic stage.
		He proposes that Aristophanes' Knights was actually ground breaking in its portrayal of Cleon as human rather than as a god (e.g., as Cratinus had done in satirizing Pericles as Dionysus).
		Her analysis of praise and blame yields the unsurprising conclusion that Cratinus criticized individuals in the public sphere in accordance with his perception of their beneficence to the polis, even as he attacks private qualities such as their sexuality.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1998/1998-09-05-xlit.html (2767 words)

	The Theatre In Greece - Old Greek Comedy
		In the first place, we must mention Cratinus, who made a real political satire out of the comedy.
		His greatest success was in 423 B.C. One of his plays, The Women of Thrace, was a kind of protest against the importation into Athens of strange divinities.
		In addition, moreover, to the ordinary chorus, there were others of a highly fantastic character ; as in the plays of Aristophanes, where there is a chorus of birds in a play by Magnes, one of insects ; in Archippus, one of fishes ; in Cratinus, one of the seasons.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles32n/theatre-5.shtml (1534 words)

	Amazon.com: cratinus: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He and Cratinus used, as Horace says, To take his greatest grandees for...
		On the authority of Cratinus (c.520-c.423 Be) Horace sides with the wine drinkers, for were...
		There is also a passage somewhere in Cratinus the comic poet: By Solon and by Draco I give...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=cratinus&tag=theatredataba-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (966 words)

	Cratinus Summary
		In the following essay, Sidwell argues that Aristophanes's Wasps and the second version of his Clouds are parodies of Catinus's Pytine, and that all three plays use caricature, politics, and the audience's familiarity with contemporary people and events to make their attacks effective
		In the following essay, Rosen analyzes how Cratinus, by incorporating into his plays the elements of invective poetry, helped elevate the genre of comedy to a higher stylistic llevel.
		In the following essay, Norwood discusses the plots of Cratinus's plays, to the extent they can be determined from surviving fragments.
	www.bookrags.com /Cratinus (175 words)

	Pherecrates - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		PHERECRATES, Greek poet of the Old Attic Comedy, was a contemporary of Cratinus, Crates and Aristophanes.
		At first an actor, he seems to have gained a prize for a play in 438 B.C. The only other ascertained date in his life is 420, when he produced his play The Wild Men.
		This page was last modified 17:30, 15 Sep 2006.
	18.1911encyclopedia.org /Pherecrates (177 words)

	260 B.C. - events and references
		Philinus won the stadion race in both the 129th and the 130th Olympiads.
		Cratinus of Aegeira wins the Olympic prize for boys' wrestling.
		A statue of Cratinus was made by Cantharus of Sicyon; Cantharus was a pupil of Eutychides, who is placed by Plinius in the 121st Olympiad.
	www.attalus.org /bc3/year260.html (166 words)

	Chionides
		The evidence of Aristotle respecting Chionides is supported by a fragment of the poet's own Beggars (Ptochoi), cited by Athenaeus, in which mention is made of Mnesippus, a contemporary of Cratinus, though Athenaeus also goes on to say that some ancient critics consider this play to be spurious.
		With the statement of Aristotle and the evidence of this fragment, supposing it to be genuine, the brief account of Chionides given by Suidas (s.v.
		- A biographical note on the Greek dramatist Cratinus.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/ridgeway006.html (304 words)

	Classical Drama and Theatre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It was essentially an extended joke centering around the playwright's own bad habits—in particular, his alcoholism—which in the popular mind had accounted for a recent string of dramatic failures.
		Indeed, it was this very lapse on Cratinus' part that had, in part, allowed Aristophanes to rise to prominence at such an early age.
		But by 423 BCE, as he was nearing the end of his life and career, the foxy old past master put the young pup to flight and returned to the stage triumphantly, at the Dionysia no less!
	www.usu.edu /markdamen/ClasDram/notes/091/n09106.htm (125 words)

	AllRefer.com - Cratinus (Classical Literature, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Cratinus (Classical Literature, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Classical Literature, Biographies > Cratinus
		He won the prize at the Athenian drama contest when Aristophanes competed with The Clouds and was regarded with Aristophanes and Eupolis as one of the greatest comic dramatists.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Cratinus.html (152 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Greek comedy had two periods: Old Comedy, represented by Cratinus and Aristophanes; and New Comedy, whose main exponent was Menander.
		Aristophanes and Cratinus used three actors, a chorus that sung, danced, and sometimes participated in the dialogue.
		The Chorus's address to the audience reveals the author's opinion.
	www.lycos.com /info/greek-comedy.html (350 words)

	bloch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Horace lists the three best-known Old Comic poets (Eupolis atque Cratinus Aristophanesque poetae, 1), and describes Lucilian satire as a continuation of that tradition (hinc omnis pendet Lucilius, 5).
		But a closer reading of the passage reveals another analogy: Horaceís ensuing stylistic critique of Lucilius contains suggestive echoes of Aristophanesí ridicule of Cratinus (Mueller, Hermes 1992).
		The poets of Old Comedy, including those named here, ìperformedî rivalries in their plays, accusing one another of incompetence and plagiarism (Harvey and Wilkins 2000).
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/03mtg/abstracts/keane.html (774 words)

	Clouds Bibliography CLSt 4003H University of Arkansas Professor Daniel B. Levine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By questioning the position of the intellectual within society, Aristophanes als questions the status of his own art; in this play more than anywhere, we see the poet doubting the value and efficacy of Comedy itself."
		Aristophanes, Cratinus, and the rhetoric of comic competition".
		Nothing illustrates this better than Aristophanes' many responses to the third place of "Clouds" at the Dionysia of 424/3 B.C. The relationship between Arisotophanes and Cratinus can be seen as paradigmatic of comic intertextuality in general.
	www.uark.edu /campus-resources/dlevine/CloudsBibliog.html (340 words)

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