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	cray 1
		The sad part of the story is that Seymour Cray still had ideas he wanted to bring to reality at the time he was killed in a car accident.
		The Cray 1 was the world's first "supercomputer," a machine that leapfrogged existing technology when it was introduced in 1971.
		Also unique was the Cray's use of low-density/very high-speed ECL circuits (that required liquid Freon for cooling in their cramped configuration), rather than high-density/slower speed devices.
	www.thocp.net /hardware/cray_1.htm (704 words)

	Seymour Cray - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cray was born in 1925 in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin.
		Cray wanted to follow immediately, but William Norris refused as Cray was in the midst of completing a project for the US Navy, with whom Norris was interested in maintaining a good relationship.
		Cray always demanded an absolutely quiet work enviornment with a minimum of management overhead, but as the company grew he found himself constantly interrupted by middle-managers who (according to Cray) did little but gawk and use him as a sales tool by introducing him to prospective customers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Seymour_Cray (1656 words)

	Encyclopedia: Robert Cray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Robert Cray (born August 9, 1953 in Columbus, Georgia) is a blues musician, guitarist and singer.
		Robert Cray was among artists such as Stevie Ray Vaughan and George Thorogood, who got wider radio play while being innovative blues oriented guitarists and songwriters in 1980's.
		Cray has generally played Fender guitars (Telecasters and Stratocasters) and his band has generally consisted of bass, drums, keyboard, saxophone and trumpet.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Robert-Cray (695 words)

	Cray Inc. -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Cray left to form his own company, Cray Computer Corporation, which went (Someone who has insufficient assets to cover their debts) bankrupt in 1995, while Cray Research was bought by (Click link for more info and facts about SGI) SGI the next year.
		Cray left CDC in 1972 to form his own company, with research and development facilities in Chippewa Falls but with the business headquarters back in (Largest city in Minnesota; located in southeastern Minnesota on the Mississippi river; noted for flour mills; one of the Twin Cities) Minneapolis.
		Cray never seemed to have been terribly successful in this market even though the design was one of the most powerful available, likely due to it being so foreign to their existing market niche.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cr/cray_inc.htm (1578 words)

	Seymour Cray Obituary by John Markoff
		Cray, who as a young electrical engineer at the Control Data Corporation in the late 1950's led the design of the world's first transistor-based computer, went on to develop a string of supercompupting machines that were known for their elegance and simplicity, but most of all for their blazing speed.
		Cray was perhaps the most remarkable of an elite group of computer designers who were able to build elegant systems by assembling simple components in clever ways.
		Cray is survived by two daughters, Susan Borman of Eau Claire, Wis., and Carolyn Arnold of Minneapolis; a, son, Steven, of Chippewa Falls, a sister, Carol Kersten of Rochester Minn., and five grandchildren.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~bezenek/cray.html (1821 words)

	Cray-2 Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Cray had previously attacked the problem of increased speed with three simultaneous advances: more functional units to give the system higher parallelism, tighter packaging to decrease signal delays, and faster components to allow for a higher clock speed.
		Cray also felt that silicon technology had almost run its course; improvements on the Cray-1's 12.5 ns cycle time were possible, but much more than doubling didn't seem easy.
		Cray solved this by adding ten smaller computers to the system, allowing them to deal with the slower external storage (disks and tapes) and "squirt" data into memory when the main processor was busy.
	encyclopedia.localcolorart.com /encyclopedia/Cray-2 (1682 words)

	Seymour Cray
		Seymour Cray was born in 1925 in Wisconsin and died in 1996 in Colorado.
		Seymour Cray was born in 1925 in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin.
		Cray was taken in an ambulance to Penrose Hospital where he received surgery to relieve brain swelling.
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~history/Cray.Pepper.html (1622 words)

	CNN - Seymour Cray, father of supercomputer, dies - Oct. 5, 1996
		Cray had been in the hospital since September 22 when his Jeep Cherokee was hit by another car on Interstate 25 in Colorado Springs.
		Cray is credited with developing the first fully transistorized supercomputer in 1958.
		Cray Research was sold to Silicon Graphics Inc. and Cray began again with Cray Computer Corp. in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/9610/05/cray.obit (462 words)

	Seymour Cray's gone, but not forgotten
		Cray was born in Wisconsin in 1925 and served in the US army during World War II.
		Cray had contact with Von Neumann but with computing was in its infancy, many problems had not been explored and he had to rely on his own research and invention.
		Cray was probably also involved in the creation of the COS operating system which was similar to SCOPE on the CDC systems.
	www.theinquirer.net /?article=12050 (1351 words)

	Wired News: SGI Set to Dump Cray? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Another source said that Cray and Gores were hoping to make an announcement at last week's Supercomputing '99 conference in Portland, Oregon, which was a launching pad for a newly independent Cray, but the talks were still ongoing at the time of the show.
		At the time of the deal, Cray had about 4,500 employees, and about $900 million in revenues, but it was struggling to grow, amid declining US research and defense budgets, the biggest customers of the supercomputers Cray makes.
		Cray Research was founded in 1972 by supercomputing legend Seymour Cray, to develop the world's fastest general purpose supercomputers.
	www.wired.com /news/print/0,1294,32685,00.html (966 words)

	04/30/90 THE GENIUS
		In a recent -- and rare -- speech, Cray wryly recalled what he considered his ''social problem.'' He used a circular sliderule, and because it didn't hang from his belt in a leather case like the more popular straight ones, he fretted that he wouldn't be recognized on campus as a budding engineer.
		Cray does prefer econoboxes to fancy cars, though, and according to his sister, mounts a watch on the dashboard rather than ordering a clock.
		Cray officially became a consultant to the company and devoted himself to the Cray-2, which then was intended to be the market's first GaAs computer.
	www.businessweek.com /1989-94/pre88/b31571.htm (3519 words)

	Seymour Cray
		Cray was more than happy to turn over his managerial responsibilities to Rollwagen and others, though it caused something of a stir among stockholders who feared a rift.
		Cray said he never heard of Boolean algebra while he was at the University, but whenever it was the he started using it he was truly in his natural element--mathematical and systems logic.
		Cray would have reason to be less optimistic today about that application of "number crunchers," as supercomputers are called, but he is pleasantly surprised at a new one.
	www.mbbnet.umn.edu /hoff/hoff_sc.html (3275 words)

	Cray Memorial
		The passing of Seymour Cray on October 5, 1996 due to an unfortunate auto accident has taken one of the geniuses from the computer industry.
		Cray's Jeep Cherokee rolled three times after the driver of another vehicle tried to pass him and struck another car, which slammed into Cray's vehicle.
		Cray, who devoted his life to trying to develop the world's fastest supercomputers, is a legendary figure in the industry.
	www.lornet.com /cray.htm (333 words)

	Wisconsin Academy Staff Development Initiative
		At that time, it was probably not known that the Cray Academy would expand into a state and national model for teacher development and involve more than businesses and industries in the Chippewa Valley.
		Cray, and those who came to work at his company, brought a sense of mission, purpose, and accomplishment.
		Initiated by Cray Research Co. in 1988, the Cray Academy has grown from serving about 200 teachers in its first year to over 700 in 1997.
	www.wasdi.org /crayac.html (286 words)

	Cray Supercomputer FAQ
		Known collectively as the "Cray effect", they are the combination of algorithm scaling problems, cyclic accumulation of errors and parallelism interdependencies that seem to show up most times you take an apparently well behaved small program and run it longer harder and further than possible on a conventional system.
		Cray machines could not support "alloca", so minor magic had to be applied to programs using "alloca." In the very early days, many C programs suffered from the "nUxi" problem, but that was hardly unique to Cray machines.
		On the company move to the "new" Cray Research Park from the 1440 Northland Drive facility, the first ducky day at the new location was celebrated by putting the torch to the wooden portion of the reassembled sculpture on the island in the middle of Cray Lake.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/computer/system/cray/faq (7846 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Seymour Cray [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		During this period Cray had become increasingly annoyed at what he saw as corporate interference from CDC management, and decided that in order to continue development he would have to move from St. Paul and get away as far as possible.
		The split was fairly amicable, and when he started Cray Research in a new lab on the same property a year later, Norris invested $300,000 in start-up money.
		Cray set up a new company, SRC Computers, but died of injuries suffered in an car accident on October 5, 1996 aged 71.
	encyclozine.com /Seymour_Cray (991 words)

	Robert Cray Video "Twenty" : Wage Peace Campaign : AFSC
		The boots were being prepared to play a role in a music video for blues musician Robert Cray’s poignant new song, “Twenty”, telling the story of a young soldier, who questions his mission in Iraq, but is killed before his deployment is up.
		The Crays had heard about the Eyes Wide Open exhibit, but had not seen it when they began developing ideas for the music video.
		Earlier this year, it was announced that Cray’s album, also named “Twenty” has been nominated for a Grammy as Best Contemporary Blues Album.
	www.afsc.org /iraq/cray-video.htm (239 words)

	Charles Babbage Institute: EXHIBITS > Cray Research Virtual Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Seymour Cray may be the world’s best known computer designer, and his name is still synonymous with the development of high speed computing.
		Cray was a founder of the Control Data Corporation in 1957 and was responsible for the design of that company's most successful large-scale computers, the CDC 1604, 6600, and 7600 systems.
		Roush, a founder of Cray Research who provided mechanical engineering of computers for both Control Data and Cray Research, collected most of the machines on display and several of the artifacts in the cabinet.
	www.cbi.umn.edu /exhibits/cray (630 words)

	Cray Inc - The Supercomputer Company > Products > XD1 > Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Cray XD1 system is based on the Direct Connected Processor (DCP) architecture, harnessing many processors into a single, unified system to deliver new levels of application performance.
		Cray’s implementation of the DCP architecture optimizes message-passing applications by directly linking processors to each other through a high performance interconnect fabric, eliminating shared memory contention and PCI bus bottlenecks.
		The Cray XD1 compute subsystem is composed of a high performance Linux operating system and AMD Opteron 64-bit processors.
	www.cray.com /products/xd1/index.html (1308 words)

	The CRAY-3 (graywolf) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The gray, four-foot tall machine was called graywolf, following an NCAR tradition of naming computers after 14,000-foot peaks in the Colorado Rockies.
		The CRAY-3 was the brainchild of Seymour Cray, chair and executive officer of CCC.
		Graywolf had four processors, 128 megawords of memory, 20 gigabytes of disk space, and a clock speed of 2.08 nanoseconds -- the fastest clock speed of any supercomputer then available.
	www.scd.ucar.edu /computers/gallery/cray/cray3/graywolf.html (233 words)

	Baseline: Cray: Making Good on Flops
		While Crays are still used by the scientific and intelligence-gathering community—the National Security Agency still uses several—not one Cray computer sits in the top 10 ranking of the Top 500 Supercomputer Sites (www.top500.org).
		Cray, owned by Silicon Graphics at the time, could not build a machine that met the center's requirements.
		Seymour Cray Founder (Deceased) Launched Cray Research in 1972 in Chippewa Falls, Wis. That year, his Cray-1 ushered in a new standard in supercomputing: 160 million floating-point operations per second.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_zdbln/is_200209/ai_ziff30915 (788 words)

	Cray
		Cray also permits the values 1, 2 and 4 for logical variables (with the same result as the default value 8), the values 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 for integers and the values 4, 8 and 16 for real and complex variables.
		Compare with the Cray C90 table, the Digital Alpha table, and the NAG table.
		Cray also permits the values 1, 2, and 4 for logical variables in addition to the default value 8, the values 2, 4, and 8 for integers and only the values 4 and 8 for real and complex variables.
	www.nsc.liu.se /~boein/f77to90/cray.html (339 words)

	Cray Inc - The Supercomputer Company > Investors > News Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		We are pleased to be partnering with one of Europe's leading high-performance computing centers and by their active interest in Cray's vision and roadmap," said Ulla Thiel, Cray's director of sales for Europe.
		Cray's mission is to be the premier provider of supercomputing solutions for its customers' most challenging scientific and engineering problems.
		Cray is a registered trademark, and Cray T3E is a trademark, of Cray Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
	investors.cray.com /phoenix.zhtml?c=98390&p=irol-newsArticle&t=Regular&id=577221& (459 words)

	Tribute to Seymour Cray
		When he started Cray Research in 1972, he shelved the 8600 design primarily because at that time he felt that the software issues were too great for the industry to handle and concluded that greater performance could be achieved in a uniprocessor by implementing vector capabilities.
		Once when told that Apple Computer bought a CRAY to simulate their next Apple computer design, Seymour remarked, "Funny, I am using an Apple to simulate the CRAY-3." His selection of people for his projects also reflected fundamentals.
		He was impressed with the strides that the microprocessor manufacturers had made, and was convinced that within another iteration or two, the off-the-shelf microprocessor would provide performance competitive with custom processors.
	www.cgl.ucsf.edu /home/tef/cray/tribute.html (1266 words)

	© AMDboard.com - AMD & Cray Special
		The Cray XD1 system was purchased with an award from the U.S. Defense University Research and Instrumentation Program given to Dr. Darko Koracin, principal investigator and a research professor at DRI.
		The Cray XT3 supercomputer's architecture, co-designed with Sandia as part of the $90 million "Red Storm" system contract, delivers superior scalable application performance and value across a range of configurations from 200 to 30,000 processors, with peak performance of up to 144 teraflops (trillions of calculations per second).
		Cray is working with leading Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) to exploit the Cray XD1 system's advantages on widely used CAE applications.
	www.amdboard.com /cray.html (1942 words)

	Cray XD1 Supercomputer Delivers Three Times More Power To Reconfigurable Computing Applications
		The Cray XD1 system is designed to employ the Xilinx FPGAs as advanced co-processors that let users accelerate high-performance computing (HPC) applications involving compute-intensive operations, such as digital signal processing or searching and sorting routines.
		The Cray XD1 supercomputer is one of the first platforms to deliver true reconfigurable computing.
		Cray is a registered trademark, and Cray XD1 is a trademark, of Cray Inc. Xilinx and Virtex are trademarks of Xilinx, Inc. AMD, AMD Opteron and combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
	www.xilinx.com /prs_rls/design_win/0591cray05.htm (806 words)

	Cray forecasts Red Storm for masses \| CNET News.com
		Cray's announcement signifies increasing momentum in the supercomputer arena for AMD, which launched Opteron earlier this year in hopes of increasing its share of the corporate server market.
		Cray views Opteron as a perfect fit for both Red Storm and the company's upcoming product line because of the processor's ability to run both 32-bit and 64-bit software and its use of HyperTransport interface technology.
		A Cray representative pointed out that while the supercomputing industry has accepted 64-bit technology as its standard for a number of years, the ability to run some applications in 32-bit mode remains attractive to many users.
	news.com.com /2100-1008_3-5097398.html (897 words)

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