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Topic: Cray Operating System

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Seymore Cray

Cray Research

CDC 7600

Vector processor

SIMD

	Cray
		Cray Cray has been a synonym for Seymour Cray, who designed significant parts of those eponymous computers and over 20 y...
		Cray Operating System The Cray Operating System (COS) was UniCOS in 1984.
		Cray X-MP CRAY X-MP/24, on exhibit at the National Cryptologic Museum.]] The Cray X-MP was a Cray-1, and the world's fas...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/cray.html (115 words)

	Operating
		Operating system advocacy Operating system advocacy is an attempt to increase the awareness of a given locked in.
		Operating system shell The shell of an operating system is a program that presents an interface to various operating sys...
		Trion Operating System The Trion Object Oriented Operating System is an BSD License.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/operating.html (1045 words)

	A short introduction to operating systems
		These are system calls which write to the screen or to disk etc. Although all the operating systems can service interrupts, and therefore simulate the appearance of multitasking in some situations, the older PC environments cannot be thought of as a multi-tasking systems in any sense.
		An important task of an operating system is to provide fl-box functions for the most frequently needed operations, so that users do not have to waste their time programming very low level code which is irrelevant to their purpose.
		It is crucial for the security of the system that different tasks, working side by side, should not be allowed to interfere with one another (although this occasionally happens in microcomputer operating systems, like the Macintosh, which allow several programs to be resident in memory simultaneously).
	www.iu.hio.no /~mark/os/os.html (13036 words)

	Cray-1
		The first Cray-1 system was installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1976.
		The computer had a 'horseshoe' cross-section in order to reduce wire lengths within the casing; no wire in the system was more than four feet long (1.2 m).
		The Cray-1 was succeeded in 1982 by the 500 megaflops Cray X-MP, the first Cray multi-processing computer.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/cray_1 (381 words)

	cray
		The Cray Operating System (COS), and latter Unicos, are both variants of Unix.
		Cray went out of business for a while (1995), but was eventually resurrected, and is now associated with Silicon Graphics.
		My present Cray wanabee is a poor excuse for a Cray, and I would put it at a level between the Cray-1, and the XMP, without the speed offered by the solid state disk.
	www.notpurfect.com /main/cray.html (975 words)

	Cray Inc - The Supercomputer Company > Products > XT3 > Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The DMA engine and the Cray XT3 operating system work together to minimize latency by providing a path directly from the application to the communication hardware without the traps and interrupts associated with traversing a protected kernel.
		System services can be scaled to fit the size of the system or the specific needs of the users.
		The system's single PE architecture and microkernel-based operating system ensure that system-induced performance issues are eliminated, allowing the user to focus exclusively on their application.
	www.cray.com /products/xt3 (1991 words)

	Multics Glossary
		The system inspects the word, and finds pointers to strings describing the symbolic reference, and invokes the dynamic linker to resolve it, and places the ITS pointer resulting from the search into this word (pair, actually, at that point) and restarts the instruction (this was called "snapping" the link).
		MST Either "Multics standard tape" or "Multics system tape", which latter was in fact an instance of the former, being a checksummed, labeled, headered, trailered, fixed-length-record tape format with periodic tape marks used for all backup tapes and disk snapshots, as well as the tapes from which the system and BOS were booted.
		Although a user has to be registered globally to the system in order to use it, he or she can only log in as a member of a project, one project or another at any one time.
	web.mit.edu /afs/net/user/srz/www/multics-glossary.html (18881 words)

	Future operating system direction for Cray customers
		ellular IRIX is an evolution of the IRIX operating system.
		CRAY T3E applications should be able to be recompiled and executed with both compatible functionality and a performance profile appropriate for a CRAY T3E follow-on system.
		For example, the code for networks, ttys, pipes, and System V message queues could run on the golden cell, while the rest of the cells only run simple "clients." Recovery is simpler, as most subsystems need only to be able to recover from losing a client, but not a server.
	www.scd.ucar.edu /dig/cuglog/summer97/text/4.os.html (3572 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Because the GNU libraries and programs, an essential part of nearly all Linux distributions, stem from a long-standing free operating system project that predates the Linux kernel, Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation ask that the combined system (regardless of distribution) be referred to as GNU/Linux.
		Linux is increasingly common as an operating system for supercomputers, most recently on 64-bit AMD Opterons in the Cray XD1.
		Once viewed as an operating system only computer geeks could use, Linux is today a much more user-friendly system, with many graphical interfaces and applications that bear a close resemblance to those of popular consumer operating systems.
	www.pardus.info (2560 words)

	Cray-1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) was Cray Research's first official customer in July 1977, paying $8.86 million ($7.9 million plus $1 million for the disks).
		In 1978, the first standard software package consisting of the Cray Operating System (COS), the first automatically vectorizing Fortran compiler (CFT), and the Cray Assembler Language (CAL).
		The Cray-1 was succeeded by the 500 MFLOPS Cray X-MP in 1982, the first Cray multi-processing computer, and in 1985 by the Cray-2, capable of 1.9 GFLOPS.
	www.theezine.net /c/cray-1.html (253 words)

	HPC Computing System Resources: Cray X1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		HPC Computing System Resources: Cray X1 HPC Computing System Resources: Cray X1 The Cray X1 is a system designed with exceptional memory bandwidth, interconnect performance, and vector-processing capabilities to meet the demanding sustained computational requirements of high end computer users.
		Like the CRAY C90 and X-MP systems, the Cray X1 design uses symmetric vector multiprocessors (SMP) with a shared memory with low processor to memory latency and high bandwidth.
		Like the CRAY T3E, the X1 employs a high speed interconnection network to provide scalability to large numbers of processors and has a directly addressable global memory with global cache coherency.
	www.ahpcrc.org /resources/x1.html (157 words)

	CCEVS Website
		The UNICOS/mp operating system that runs on the mainframe is based upon IRIX 6.5, optimized for use on Cray X1 hardware.
		The Cray TOE provides user data protection, identification and authentication, security management, and TSF protection features as they relate to securely supporting simultaneous users in an operating system.
		The UNICOS/mp operating system also provides system security by not allowing any actions to be taken on the system without a successful user authentication, providing that only authorized users have access to the resources of the TOE.
	niap.nist.gov /cc-scheme/st/ST_VID4031.htm (870 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Medium range forecasting system (4-10 days) Data assimilation, objective analysis and initialization As far as GME is in use for medium range forecasting, the same procedures are applied as for short range forecasting described in item 7.3.1.
		For operational numerical weather prediction, LM is nested in the GME.
		Operational techniques for applications of NWP results Forecasts of the optimal (shortest and/or safest) route of ships are evaluated using the results of the global sea wave model and of NWP in the ship routing modelling system of the DWD.
	www.wmo.ch /web/www/DPS/Annual-Tech-Progress/2000/Germany.doc (3923 words)

	User Manual:Processing on the Cray C90:ASC Cray C90 Operating System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The ASC Cray C90 runs under the UNICOS operating system, which is the Cray Research, Inc. version of UNIX.
		The interactive UNIX operating system was developed by AT&T and has been extended and enhanced at the University of California at Berkeley.
		The NQS batch system is designed to accept the same commands as for interactive use.
	www.asc.edu /usermanual/crayos.html (345 words)

	Increasing Security on Your UNICOS System
		You may contact Cray for additional information in obtaining, installing, and assuring that these patches have been installed on your UNICOS system.
		For example, Cray mod d15567cmda) and is appropriate to specific versions of the UNICOS operating system.
		Cray mod e13159utsa, UNICOS version 4.0, 4.EA, 5.0 This patch was the subject of Cray Field Alert #72.
	ciac.llnl.gov /ciac/bulletins/b-17.shtml (513 words)

	Operating System
		Data cache is disabled by default on CRAY SV1 Revision A systems.
		CRAY SV1 Revision A systems do not implement the exact same memory ordering guarantees as previous systems.
		Executables run on CRAY SV1 Revision A systems must have the code corrected to properly execute on the system.
	docs.cray.com /books/004-5001-002/html-004-5001-002/zfixedvpfumcwg.html (1021 words)

	Parallel and Multiprocessor Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This section lists operating systems designed to control multiprocessors and other parallel and specialized architectures.
		A Modular Operating Kernel for the CRAY-1 at the Institute for Defense Analysis.
		Operating System for the experimental X-Tree Computer Architecture at the Univ. of Calif. at Berkelely.
	www.csee.wvu.edu /~jdm/classes/cs258/OScat/multi.html (213 words)

	[No title]
		The Cray UNICOS Version 8 operating system is installed on the VLSC (Cray C916).
		The operating system is a combination of UNIX and COS functionality (COS was the Cray operating system prior to UNICOS).
		Another feature of the VLSC is the NFS-mounted file systems where one usually finds his or her home directory upon logging in to US1 or US2 (/u/a, /u/b, or /u/c).
	www.navo.hpc.mil /usersupport/MANUAL/AppB.UM.html (3069 words)

	cos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The acronym COS may have one of several meanings, the majority having to do with computer operating systems (OSs):
		Concurrent Operating System (OS, UNIVAC 9200, UNIVAC 9300)
		This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /COS.html (141 words)

	SDSC Resource Management System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Resource Management System (Res) is a package for maintaining project allocation and usage information in a UNIX environment.
		It was developed at the San Diego Supercomputer Center and is used on all of the HPC systems at the center.
		The version running on the T90 is a real time Resource Management System with hooks into NQE to checkpoint jobs the instant the jobs charge account is out of funds.
	www.sdsc.edu /hpc/RES/res_v0.html (632 words)

	NSC News, Operating System Upgrade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The operating system on the NSC T3E will be upgraded during the regular maintenance slot Monday May 3, 07:00-09:00.
		The system will be unavailable during this time.
		We will not be able to checkpoint jobs before the upgrade and restart them under the new operating system.
	www.nsc.liu.se /news/990428a.html (170 words)

	cray - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		[Obs.] [Written also crayer, cray, and craie.] --Shak.
		The term is actually the lowercased last name of Seymour Cray, a noted computer architect and co-founder of the company.
		Numerous vivid legends surround him, some true and some admittedly invented by Cray Research brass to shape their corporate culture and image.
	dict.die.net /cray (74 words)

	Cray-1 - InformationBlast
		Server will be down for maintenance on 2004-06-11 from about 18:00 to 18:30 UTC.
		The computer had a 'horse-shoe' cross-section in order to reduce wire lengths within the casing, no wire in the system was more than four feet long (1.2 m).
		In 1985 the very advanced Cray-2, capable of 1.9 gigaflops peak performance, succeeded the two first models but met a somewhat limited commercial success because of certain problems at producing sustained performance in real-world applications.
	www.informationblast.com /Cray-1.html (348 words)

	SecurityTracker.com Archives - Network Queueing System (NQS) on Cray UNIX (UNICOS) Has Format String Error That Lets ...
		Description: A vulnerability was reported in the Network Queueing System (NQS) daemon running on all versions of Cray's UNIX Cray Operating System (UNICOS) and possibly on some other UNIX operating systems.
		However, due to the fact that we have unsuccessfully been able to convince vendors to take appropriate actions in fixing these gaping security holes, we have decided to take the option of becoming nameless and releasing this advisory in such a way.
		SUCCESSFULLY TESTED ON ---------------------- Cray T3E running UNICOS/mk revision 2.0.5.54 HISTORY ------- The NQS, or Network Queueing System, is a popular batch software processor which is used to perform job control and leveraging in supercomputing environments which require heavy symmetric multi processing.
	www.securitytracker.com /alerts/2001/Nov/1002854.html (867 words)

	CRAY UNICOS 6.0 and 6.1 accton vulnerability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The bug also allows a normal user to turn system accounting on or off.
		Cray Research has developed architecture specific patches for this vulnerability in the accton(1) command.
		The mod numbers and the archi- tectures for which they apply are listed below and can be obtained by contacting your local technical support representative from Cray Research.
	ciac.llnl.gov /ciac/bulletins/b-31.shtml (253 words)

	WDVL: Web Databases
		Deciding this depends on the natural structure of your data, and the kind of search and navigation system you want.
		At the simplest end of the spectrum, if your data can be structured as a small table and you just want to retrieve records according to one or two field values, then a small custom program will suffice.
		It runs on almost all operating systems and has been integrated into most programming languages and environments.
	wdvl.com /Authoring/DB (2203 words)

	[No title]
		This involved porting and interfacing to Unix CGS graphics routines and writing Unix versions of some of the CTSS system calls.
		- installed systems software, performed tape backups, and developed procedures to transfer software from remote Unix computers to the LAN using cu on the UNIX machines and using slip/ftp on the IBM 486.
		This package was later distributed by Microdata and remained in use at Sandia until 1990.
	www.nmia.com /~iuzzolin/Services/cvi.html (1197 words)

	cos - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		COS Commercial Operating System (OS, DEC, PDP 11)
		COS Concurrent Operating System (OS, UNIVAC 9200, UNIVAC 9300)
		COS Corporation for Open Systems (org., OSI, user group)
	dict.die.net /cos (75 words)

	Media History Timeline: 1980s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		1980: The Minitel telephone system begins in France; it will run for decades.
		1982: Return of the Jedi opens in theaters equipped for its THX sound system.
		1983: Japan's NHK presents its analog HDTV system at Swiss conference.
	www.mediahistory.umn.edu /time/1980s.html (2043 words)

	Vintage Computer Festival
		A Brief History of Operating Systems Through Time
		A Tribute to the Dick Smith System 80
		The Strongest Castle: The Rise, Fall, and Rise of the HP 3000
	www.vintage.org /links.php (871 words)

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