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Topic: Crayfish

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	Crayfish
		Crayfish, of all of the freshwater invertebrates of inland Australia, are the most widely recognised and important to the human population and the natural aquatic ecosystems.
		Crayfish bodies are divided into three parts; the head, the thorax (the section that contains the legs), and the abdomen (or the tail, which is the edible part of many large crustaceans including crayfish, prawns and lobsters).
		These crayfish are commonly referred to as freshwater lobsters, spiny lobsters or spiny crayfish because their bodies are covered in large spines, particularly on the tail and the claws.
	www.amonline.net.au /factsheets/crayfish.htm (1407 words)

	Crayfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crayfish are eaten in Europe and China, but they are perhaps most popular in Louisiana, where the standard culinary term is crawfish; in fact, 98% of the crayfish harvested in the United States comes from Louisiana.
		Crayfish is a popular dish in Sweden and Finland, and is by tradition primarily consumed during the fishing season in August.
		The Mexican crayfish is named locally as Acocil and was a very important nutrition source of the ancient Mexican Aztec culture; now this kind of crayfish is consumed (mainly boiled) and prepared with typically Mexican sauces or condiments in central and southern Mexico.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crayfish (1136 words)

	Crayfish - MSN Encarta
		Crayfish, also crawfish, common name for any crustacean resembling but smaller than their relatives the lobsters, ranging in length from 2 to 40 cm (0.8 to 16 in); the first of their five pairs of walking legs is equipped with strong claws.
		Crayfish live in freshwater rivers and streams in temperate climates; one family is confined to the northern hemisphere, another to the southern hemisphere, and a third to the Australian region.
		Crayfish usually burrow into the banks of streams or ponds and feed upon live or decaying animal or vegetable matter.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761578956 (262 words)

	An Introduction to the Crayfishes of Missouri
		Crayfish (also called crawfish and crawdads) are among the largest and most common invertebrates in Missouri's lakes and streams.
		The long-pincered crayfish is olive-tan trimmed with bright red, and its pincers are dark blue-green prominently studded with yellow knobs.
		Each species of crayfish occurs only in certain natural settings or habitats that reflect its special requirements; the diversity of crayfish that occur in our state results from the many types of aquatic habitats that are found here.
	mdc.mo.gov /nathis/arthopo/crayfish (714 words)

	Freshwater Resources
		This is a stout, reddish-tan to dark brown crayfish with numerous flish specks and blotches on the pincers, carapace and abdomen.
		This crayfish occurs commonly in the Lowlands of southeastern Missouri, and northward along the floodplain of the Mississippi River to Clark County.
		This crayfish is gray with numerous greenish-fl speckles and blotches on the pincers, carapace and abdomen.
	www.aqualink.com /fresh/z-crayfish2.html (3988 words)

	Crayfish
		Crayfish like it dark and cool, and during much of the daylight they will be found alone, withdrawn under a rock or a clump of vegetation, waiting for dark, at which time they come out to forage for food.
		As you know, crayfish are at risk just after they have molted, and the little ones love to snack on their just molted brothers and sisters.
		The "naked" crayfish that emerges is actually covered in a complete and perfect shell, but it is soft and flexible, allowing the crayfish to expand and grow.
	www.lawrencehallofscience.org /foss/fossweb/teachers/materials/plantanimal/crayfish.html (1702 words)

	Crayfish Plague
		The ban of 1 August 1989 was a response to the fungal disease (Aphanomyces astaci) commonly known as the crayfish plague, spread mainly by the incorporation of alien species of crayfish.
		Crayfish are nocturnal and feed on all kinds of vegetation and animal food including snails, small fish, tadpoles, young insects and insect larvae and worms.
		It is feared that the crayfish plague is dangerous enough to cause the actual extinction to some of the five species of crayfish which are indigenous to Europe.Some of the native species of crayfish have already disappeared from areas in which they used to inhabit.
	www.american.edu /TED/crayfish.htm (4419 words)

	Crayfish
		The White-clawed Crayfish is widespread in the British Isles but absent from Scotland, west Wales, and SW England, and it is generally tends to be confined to hard alkaline waters.
		Crayfish feed on animal and vegetable matter, usually at night, and they are eaten in turn by a range of fish, eels, birds and mammals, including rats, otters and mink.
		Crayfish are master escape artists and this is reflected in the rigid code of practice regarding transportation.
	www.wbrc.org.uk /WorcRecd/Vol1Iss2/crayFish.htm (1423 words)

	Defra, UK - Fisheries - Salmon and freshwater fisheries - Crayfish
		The signal crayfish is quite capable of walking overland in its search for a home, it will rapidly colonise freshwater sites and can not only competitively exclude our native crayfish, but it also carries a fungal disease, the crayfish plague, to which the native crayfish has no defence.
		The introduction of crayfish to water bodies from which they are able to escape, such as ornamental ponds, or farm ponds could also render the person making such introductions liable to prosecution under the Act.
		Non-native crayfish to be kept in markets, hotels and restaurants for the purpose of direct supply for human consumption are covered by a general licence issued under the Crayfish Order.
	www.defra.gov.uk /fish/freshwater/crayfish.htm (1359 words)

	Crayfish
		Crayfish meat is mild and succulent, and the shells impart a rich flavor to cooking broth.
		Crayfish are lobsterlike freshwater crustaceans that are found all over the world; they vary in size from two to eight ounces (0.06 to 0.2 kg).
		Soft-shell crayfish, taken during the molt, can be eaten shell and all, but don’t eat the two hard stones (gastroliths) hidden in the head.
	www.pccnaturalmarkets.com /health/Food_Guide/Crayfish.htm (653 words)

	Grassland Crayfish - Meet Your Neighbors
		Crayfishes excavate burrows by using their pincers to plow soil to the surface, where it may spill over to form spoil piles or even small "chimneys" at the burrow entrance.
		There is general agreement that grassland crayfish (and other burrowing species) may be important symbionts of animals that use the crayfishes’ burrows as retreats or places to hibernate in winter.
		Crayfishes are omnivorous scavengers, but perhaps more importantly they are frequent prey of a number of larger predators, including raccoons, wading birds, large fishes, turtles, frogs, and snakes.
	chicagowildernessmag.org /issues/summer2000/crayfish.html (623 words)

	The Crayfish
		Crayfish have separate male and female sexes (dioecious) and the gonads are located in the dorsal portion of the thorax (figure 1a) (Miller and Harley, 1992).
		Crayfish have been reported to be preyed upon by at least 46 species of fish, 10 amphibians, 20 reptiles, 38 birds, and 6 mammals (including humans) (Crocker and Barr, 1968).
		Crayfish are involved in both commensalism, in which neither species is harmed, and parasitism, in which the crayfish is harmed and the other species benefits (Pennak, 1989).
	www.science.mcmaster.ca /Biology/Harbour/SPECIES/CRAYFISH/CRAYFISH.HTM (1567 words)

	North Carolina Crayfish
		Crayfish serve as a food source for many animals, such as game fishes, otter and other mammals, birds and reptiles.
		Crayfish serve as a major link in an intricate aquatic food web by consuming such a variety of foods and by making processed nutrients available to other animals.
		The most definite way to identify a crayfish to species is by examining the sexual appendages (gonopods, or the first set of swimmerets on the abdomen) of the reproductively active male.
	www.ncwildlife.org /pg07_WildlifeSpeciesCon/pg7b7.htm (1031 words)

	Crayfish: Waterscape.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Most people would be able to identify a crayfish, thanks to their close resemblance to the familiar lobster.
		However, their nocturnal lifestyle and frequent habit of hiding in underwater crevices mean that crayfish are not often sighted - away from the dinner plate that is. Left alone, these small scavengers will thrive in any aquatic habitat, be it freshwater stream, canal, river or quarry pool.
		However, the docile white-clawed crayfish is simply no match for its beefy American cousin when it comes to competition over food and territory and sadly, the alien species is now top dog in many of our waterways.
	www.waterscape.com /features/wildlife/crayfish.html (347 words)

	Fish Glossary from Gorton's: Carp-Crayfish
		Crayfish should not be confused with spiny lobsters or saltwater crayfish which are of a different species.
		Crayfish can be found around the world; many American crayfish are fished for in Louisiana ("crawfish capital of the world"), California, and Oregon.
		Crayfish, like lobster, are eaten with the hands; a juicy, messy treat best savored by sucking the meat out of the tail.
	www.gortons.com /cookbook/gl_ca_cr.php (2540 words)

	Freshwater crayfish aquaculture
		In Europe, native freshwater crayfish such as the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) and the introduced signal crayfish (Pacifasticus leniusculus) are produced in semi-intensive systems, most commonly for stocking into natural waterways to replenish stocks lost or threatened due to crayfish plague or environmental alteration.
		Equally so, the ability of a pathogen (such as a virus or bacterium) to cause disease, and thus affect the population (by killing animals or reducing their ability to breed), is dependant on other ecological factors and on the animal itself.
		This is due to the biology of freshwater crayfish and particularly the fact that, unlike many marine crustaceans, the larval stages of freshwater crayfish are not free-living.
	us.geocities.com /crayfishdisease/pages/cul_dis/aqudis.html (3111 words)

	The crayfish party - SWEDEN.SE
		The crayfish feast, at which people gather to eat, drink and be merry, is a typically Swedish festivity marking the end of the summer.
		The crayfish is accompanied by cheese, bread, beer and of course: Schnapps.
		Crayfish are to be eaten outdoors, and gaily coloured paper lanterns should be hung round the table.
	www.sweden.se /templates/cs/CommonPage____11371.aspx (593 words)

	RUSTY CRAYFISH
		However, rusty crayfish are currently being used in the bait industry in other states so the potential for importation into Oklahoma (although illegal) exists.
		The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation considers rusty crayfish to be a potential nuisance aquatic species and would like to make anglers and other recreational users aware of this potential problem.
		Crayfish are eaten by fish, but because of their thick shell relative to their soft tissue, the food quality is not as high as many of the invertebrates that they replace.
	www.wildlifedepartment.com /rustycrayfish.htm (677 words)

	CRAYFISH
		The one habitat requirement that the crayfish seems to have is the need for shelter in the form of rocks, logs or thick vegetation in which to hide from predators during the day time.
		Crayfish eat some aquatic plants as well as invertebrates, such as snails and insects, and tadpoles and small fish.
		Crayfish are an important part of the aquatic food chain.
	www.angelfire.com /biz2/caribbeancarousel/crayfish.html (1121 words)

	Spiny Freshwater Crayfish
		Freshwater crayfish are usually caught using hoop nets, which lie flat on the river bottom, with a suitable bait secured to the net.
		Crayfish are usually boiled in salted water for ten to twenty minutes, depending upon size.
		Whilst on the subject of crayfish's destructive habits, you should always handle them with extreme care as even quite modestly sized individuals are quite capable of removing the top of a finger with their pincers.
	www.nativefish.asn.au /spiny.html (697 words)

	Nearctica - Family - Eating Nature - Crayfish Recipes
		Remove the crayfish from the kettle with a slotted spoon and arrange them in the bowl over the dill sprigs.
		To serve, drain the crayfish of their liquid, pile them high on a platter and garnish with fresh dill.
		Although they can be served cold, the crayfish are at their best if they are allowed to reach room temperature.
	www.nearctica.com /family/eatnat/animals/cray1.htm (1573 words)

	The Crayfish Corner - Information
		Crayfish are characterised by a joined head and thorax, or midsection, and a segmented body, which is sandy yellow, green, or dark brown in colour.
		The crayfish is typical of most shrimplike crustaceans and is characterised by a joined head and thorax, or midsection, and a segmented body, which is sandy yellow, green, white, pink or dark brown in colour.
		The crayfish also has several pairs of specialised food handling "legs," bailers to cycle water over the gills, and five pairs of swimmerets which are under the abdomen.
	www.mackers.com /crayfish/info.htm (1147 words)

	Rusty Crayfish: A Nasty Invader \| Minnesota Sea Grant
		Rusty crayfish are thought to be native to the Ohio River Basin and the states of Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, and Illinois.
		Rusty crayfish were not found in Wisconsin in a 1932 survey, but populations have rapidly expanded throughout Wisconsin lakes and streams since their introduction around 1960 (Capelli and Magnuson 1983).
		Crayfish are eaten by fish, but because of their thick exoskeleton (shell) relative to soft tissue, their food quality is not as high as many of the invertebrates that they replace.
	www.seagrant.umn.edu /ais/rustycrayfish_invader (2938 words)

	crayfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The crayfish is a freshwater organism, and many related species such as lobsters and shrimp are marine organisms.
		The gills on a preserved crayfish are shown in a demonstration specimen on the side table.
		Observe a crayfish in a culture dish on your lab bench.
	www.ns.purchase.edu /biology/bio1560lab/crayfish.htm (537 words)

	Crayfish
		In Sweden, August is crayfish month, with colored lanterns, the savory aroma of dill and crayfish and the merry sounds of “skål” and “snapsvisor” (aquavit songs).
		Historic documents show that Gustav Vasa and his sons--Johan III, Erik XIV and Carl IX--arranged for crayfish to be implanted in various Swedish lakes and rivers, and, of course, held royal crayfish parties.
		Erik the XIV ordered crayfish for his sister Anna’s wedding in 1562, writing to the overseer of Nyköping Castle that he needed a “a big heap” of crayfish and urged the overseer “to fish for them everywhere.” Up to the 19th century crayfish was usually served warm, not cold as today.
	skandland.com /crayfish.htm (656 words)

	Harmful Aquatic Hitchhikers: Crustaceans: Rusty Crayfish
		Rusty crayfish can be identified by their robust claws, and by dark, rusty spots on each side of their carapace.
		Rusty crayfish are thought to be native to the Ohio River Basin, particularly throughout the states of Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, and Illinois.
		While some anglers may find that rusty crayfish are an effective bait, use of them outside their traditional range can have drastic results.
	www.protectyourwaters.net /hitchhikers/crustaceans_rusty_crayfish.php (730 words)

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