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Topic: Creaky voice

Related Topics

Breathy voice

Slack voice

Fricative consonant

List of phonetics topics

Stop consonant

Voiceless bilabial plosive

Velar nasal

Nasal consonant

Klallam language

Larynx

Elisabeth Elliot

Preposition

Manner of articulation

Flap consonant

Affricate consonant

	Creaky voice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Creaky voice (also called laryngealisation or vocal fry, especially in the US), is a special kind of phonation in which the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together; as a result, the vocal folds are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact, and forming a large, irregularly vibrating mass.
		Creaky voice is one possible realisation of the Danish stød.
		Creaky voice manifests itself in the idiolects of some American English speakers, particularly at the beginnings of sentences that the speaker wishes to "soft-pedal".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creaky_voice (186 words)

	Phonation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A voiced sound is produced when an overpressure of air in the lungs causes the vocal folds to vibrate.
		The resulting sound is modified by movements in the vocal tract, by the volume of the airflow and by the degree of constriction of the folds.
		The voice source is used to change intonation and the tone of words by varying the subglottal pressure as well as the tension of the vocal folds.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Voiced (429 words)

	Labelling of voice quality
		The changes in voice source behavior may be associated with segmental or suprasegmental elements on the linguistic layer of communication.
		It is rather striking that the tense/lax voice opposition (in the sense of the degree of overall muscular tension) is used linguistically (Maddieson and Ladefoged, 1985).
		Hoarseness is a term used to explain the perceived voice abnormality as originating at a voice source rather than resulting from abnormalities in vocal tract configuration and is perceptually related to the noise generation during phonation.
	www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de /phonetik/EGG/page8.htm (1013 words)

	Phonation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Creak and creaky voice are often called "laryngealization" or "vocal fry".
		Deviations from ordinary voicelessness or modal voicing are marked with diacritic symbols.
		After the release of the stop, the breathy voice continues for an interval before the onset of modal voicing (parallel to the lag in Voice Onset Time in voiceless aspirated stops).
	www.bangor.ac.uk /linguistics/QXL2219/phonatio.htm (1086 words)

	Breathy voice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Breathy voice or murmured voice is a phonation in which the vocal folds are vibrating as in normal voicing, but the glottal closure is incomplete, so that the voicing is somewhat inefficient and air continues to leak between the vocal folds throughout the vibration cycle with audible friction noise.
		A breathy-voiced transition [ɦ] (not actually a fricative, as a literal reading of the IPA chart would suggest) can be heard as an allophone of English /h/ between vowels, eg.
		A breathy voiced stop (symbolised either as [bʱ], [dʱ], [gʱ], etc. or as [b̤], [d̤], [g̈], etc.) is often followed by an h-like offglide that delays the onset of full voicing–this is the normal pronunciation of the Hindi "voiced aspirated stops" bh, dh, jh, gh.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Breathy_voice (150 words)

	Breathy voice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Breathy voice is a special kind of phonation in which the vocal folds are vibrating as in normal voicing, but the glottal closure is incomplete, so that the voicing is somewhat inefficient and air continues to leak between the vocal folds throughout the vibration cycle with audible friction noise.
		A breathy voiced glottal approximant can be heard as an allophone of English [h] between vowels, e.g.
		] etc.) is often followed by an h-like offglide that delays the onset of full voicing –- this is the normal pronunciation of "voiced aspirated stops" such as Hindi bh, dh etc.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/br/Breathy_voice.html (118 words)

	Speech & Hearing - Frequently Asked Questions 2-1
		Breathy voicing, associated with confidential or intimate communication situations, is characterised by air escape during voicing, usually by incomplete closure of the vocal folds.
		Creaky voice, which is often found in phrase-final positions at the low end of a speaker's pitch range, is characterised by irregularity of cycle-to-cycle duration.
		Typically creaky voice occurs when the vocal folds are tightly approximated but weakly tensed.
	www.speechandhearing.net /faq/faq2-1.htm (752 words)

	[No title]
		Since creaky voice is typically characterized by very irregular glottal periods (i.e., the fundamental frequency is physically not well-defined), pitch-tracking algorithms often do not do well during these portions of the utterance, creating a messy `spattering' of values, like that seen in the f0 trace between 4.95 and 5.08 seconds in <>.
		Creaky voice can also occur as one common manifestation of a glottal stop, a segment which in English often occurs phonetically as a way to set off a word beginning with a stressed syllable that has no onset consonant.
		The leading L tone in L+H* is meant to transcribe a rise from a fundamental frequency value low in the pitch range that cannot be attributed to a L* pitch accent on the preceding syllable or to a L- phrase accent or L% boundary tone at a preceding intermediate-phrase or intonation-phrase boundary.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /research/phonetics/E_ToBI/ToBI/ToBI.2.html (8926 words)

	Slack voice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term slack voice (or lax voice) describes the pronunciation of consonants with a glottal opening slightly wider than that occurring in "normal" (modal) voice.
		In some Chinese languages ("dialects") and in many Austronesian languages, the 'intermediate' phonation of slack stops confuses Western listeners, so that different transcription systems may use /p/ or /b/ for the same consonant.
		Although the IPA has no dedicated diacritic for slack voice, the voiceless diacritic (the under-ring) may be used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slack_voice (147 words)

	Melissa Epstein
		Voice quality and prosody; phonetic and phonological variations in voice quality; measurement of voice quality in dynamic speech; synthesis of voice quality.
		Voice quality can be defined as the variation in laryngeal settings that co-occurs with the oral articulation of a vowel or consonant.
		Voice quality may also be varied throughout a person's speech, possibly in relationship with other prosodic domains, such as intonation.
	www.linguistics.ucla.edu /people/grads/melissa (699 words)

	Singers Voice - Signs and Symptoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The signs and symptoms of voice disorders vary depending on the type of voice disorder and the extent of the damage.
		Husky voice refers to a voice that is both breathy and strained in quality.
		Hoarse voice refers to a voice that is both rough and breathy.
	www.latrobe.edu.au /hcs/hcs/students/studentprojects/Singers%20Voice/four.html (443 words)

	Actions of the Larynx
		Modal voicing (gradual opening and sharp closing) produces a laryngeal spectrum consisting of a fundamental frequency and harmonics.
		Creaky voicing (sharp opening and closing) produces a fundamental frequency and high amplitude harmonics.
		Note: in voiced version, there might not be a pressure decrease, but the pressure is not increasing as in a plosive.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~guion/411notes/actlar.htm (344 words)

	Weekly Report: 02/17/05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Voice qualities were synthesised using a formant synthesiser, and the voice source parameter settings were guided by prior analytic studies as well as auditory judgements.
		It is clear that there is no one-to-one mapping between voice quality and affect: rather a given quality tends to be associated with a cluster of affective attributes.
		Brief, general descriptions of different voice qualities and a discussion of the emotions that some researchers think they are correlated with.
	www.cs.columbia.edu /~jaxin/weekly_reports/05_02_17 (432 words)

	Modelling of voice quality correlates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The quality of the voice depends on the degree of tension in the larynx and pharynx, and on the vertical displacement of the larynx: a raised larynx produces a thin tense voice, and a lowered larynx a booming voice.
		The human voice is a series of puffs of air separated by (partial) closure of the vocal folds between each puff.
		Voice is thereby produced by the vibrations of the vocal folds activated by the air pressure from the lungs and is characterised by the shape and the physiology of the vocal folds and larynx.
	www.brunel.ac.uk /depts/ee/Research_Programme/COM/Home_Emir_Turajlic/introduction.html (1447 words)

	Types of phonation
		Below, the influences of the tensions and adjustments of the vocal folds on the phonation process and on voice quality will be described briefly(after Eckert and Laver, 1994).
		For voiced sounds the glottis is closed or nearly closed, whereas for voiceless sounds it is wide open, actually the distance between the folds amount to only a fraction of a milimeter.
		Breathy voice differs from voiced whisper because of the weaker medial compression and the smaller degree of voicing effort.
	www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de /phonetik/EGG/page10.htm (1124 words)

	voice
		The sound made by a person using the vocal folds for talking and singing (singers use the voice as an instrument for creating music).
		In phonetics and phonology, a phone or phoneme is said to be voiced if it is produced with the vocal folds vibrating.
		In grammar, voice is a verb-form that indicates the relationship between the subject and the action expressed by the verb.
	www.fact-library.com /voice.html (161 words)

	EGG & paralinguistic factors
		Although the voice was auditorily normal, the EGG waveform was still peculiar in shape.
		He claims that three main factors contribute to the perception of voice quality: the regularity of the vibration of the vocal folds, the rapidity of closure and closed phase duration (only partially responsible for the quality of voice).
		He relates creaky, modal, ventricular, harsh, whispery, breathy and falsetto voices to the Speed Quotient (compare section 7.5) and to fundamental frequency of the same speaker and he assigns specific intervals of F0 and SQ to each type of voice.
	www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de /phonetik/EGG/pagee8.htm (1366 words)

	Creaky voice -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The frequency of the vibration is very low (20–50 pulses per second, about two octaves below normal voice) and the airflow through the (The vocal apparatus of the larynx; the true vocal folds and the space between them where the voice tone is generated) glottis is very slow.
		in some (A native or inhabitant of Korea who speaks the Korean language) Korean consonants is called "stiff voice".
		Creaky voice manifests itself in the (The language or speech of one individual at a particular period in life) idiolects of some (The English language as used in the United States) American English speakers, particularly at the beginnings of sentences that the speaker wishes to "soft-pedal".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Cr/Creaky_voice.htm (185 words)

	Pennock Speck (2003) The changing voice of women (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of the physical substance of voice in the creation of intra- and inter-gender identities.
		Hence, as in other areas of intra- and inter-gender identity, voice is not immutable but changes as men''s and women''s roles change.
		voices, especially young women, such as pitch and intonation range, seem to be converging with those of men.
	www.getcited.org /pub/103396514 (162 words)

	Encyclopedia: Breathy voice
		Categories: Phonation In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some stop consonants.
		Creaky voice (also called laryngealisation or vocal fry, especially in the US), is a special kind of phonation in which the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together; as a result, the vocal folds are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact, and forming a large, irregularly vibrating...
		A acoustic phonetics affricate airstream mechanism allophone alveolar approximant alveolar consonant alveolar ejective fricative alveolar ejective alveolar flap alveolar nasal alveolar ridge alveolar trill alveolo-palatal consonant apical consonant approximant consonant articulatory phonetics aspiration auditory phonetics B back vowel bilabial click bilabial consonant bilabial ejective bilabial nasal bilabial trill breathy...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Breathy-voice (381 words)

	BVA Newsletter Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Certain characteristics are considered typical of 'old' voices: lower pitch, regardless of gender; increased perceived strain; a higher incidence of voice breaks; vocal tremor; increased breathiness; slower speech rate and greater hesitancy, and less precise articulation.
		In Glasgow, voice quality differs with age, gender and class but creak does not appear to correlate with class as it does in Edinburgh: men had more creaky voice and women more whispery voice.
		Women's voices are expected to conform to cultural stereotypes: westerners have often been struck by the high pitched voice used by young Japanese women when addressing powerful men and interpreted this as a sign of submissiveness.
	www.british-voice-association.com /archive/feature_articles/voice_variation.htm (1101 words)

	Mendoza-Denton/Jannedy (Kiel: October 1998) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Breathy voice (slight audible friction), for instance, is stereotypically associated with "sexy" female speakers (Hall 1995), while creaky voice (extremely low pitch) has been associated with "rough" male speakers, with some researchers going so far as to classify creaky voice a marker of hypermasculinity (Henton et al.
		This study examines instances of creaky voice in spoken English narratives of Mexican-American teenage girls involved in street gangs in California.
		In their linguistic performance, these rather small girls often use a fairly low pitch, which in some of the phonetics literature is correlated with larger body size and masculinity.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /~jannedy/ABS/Gender-Kiel98.html (204 words)

	SP2004 Abstract: Ishi, Carlos Toshinori (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parameters based on autocorrelation of the glottal excitation waveform are proposed for automatic detection of creaky voice in spontaneous speech.
		Analysis results show the ratio of the first two peaks of the autocorrelation function as a primary parameter to detect creaky voice.
		Ishi, Carlos Toshinori (2004): "Analysis of autocorrelation-based parameters for creaky voice detection", In SP-2004, 643-646.
	www.isca-speech.org /archive/sp2004/sp04_643.html (73 words)

	Creaky voice - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Creaky voice - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 01:57, 7 Jun 2005.
		The article about Creaky voice contains information related to Creaky voice and See also.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Vocal_fry (197 words)

	voice (when speaking): Entire Entry
		This entry is concerned with the use of the word ãëîñ to refer to the voice of someone speaking.
		Other meanings — "one of several parts of a piece of music" (ðîìíñ äëÿ äâõ ãîëîñâ "a romance for two voices"), "an inner command" (ãëîñ ñâåñòè "the voice of conscience," ãëîñ ðàññäêà "the voice of reason"), "vote," etc. — are not described in this dictionary.
		At first his voice was hoarse and faltering, but then it quickly gained strength and rang out through the entire hall.
	russian.dmll.cornell.edu /russian.web/BODY/WIN_ACAD/GO1/GO1.HTM (805 words)

	Contrary to belief, local linguists say Northwest has distinctive dialect
		Clinton's folksy speech, in which his voice sounds both scratchy and relaxed, is the opposite of "breathy" voicing, she said.
		Breathy voicing, which in extreme form sounds like Marilyn Monroe's birthday song for JFK, is not big in the Northwest.
		Wassink said the local popularity of creaky voicing could be how we compensate for another feature of our speech style.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/225139_nwspeak20.html (1208 words)

	Unit 3: Phonology
		A dialect feature of these gang girls is creaky voice.
		She knows that their use of creaky voice is controlled by them in the sense that they consistently use creaky voice in the context of their peer group only during specific kinds of stories about specific topics, but never in front of their parents or teachers.
		However, when asked about their use of creaky voice, the girls are not conscious of their usage pattern or even that they use creaky voice.
	www.ic.arizona.edu /~anth383/unit3.html (447 words)

	Loss of voice and doctors can do nothing - HealthBoards Bulletin Board
		Amusingly, when he is relaxed and has an orgasm, his voice is better.
		I have a sense losing one's voice is directly related to fear of making choices, lack of will power, and very low self esteem.
		If his voice loss is related to a type of anxiety, he'll be able to work with that in a safe setting designed to teach him to speak.
	www.healthboards.com /ubb/Forum126/HTML/002485.html (916 words)

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