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Topic: Created kinds

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Creation scientists posit that kinds are a form of clade, in that a posited kind displays evidence for common lines of ancestry among its member organisms.
		The creationist "kind" is assumed to be based upon an idea that life in the past exhibited greater genetic diversity and heterozygosity than life today, in the form of "kinds" analogous to the liger.
		Change in created kinds is said to take place through an unspecified process that is said to be "degradation of the genome", as natural selection and reproductive isolation, inbreeding, and genetic drift caused lifeforms to adapt to their environment by the loss of capacity to adapt to other environments.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Created_kind (1032 words)

	Created kind - CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
		The created kind is thought to be more often synonymous with the "Family" level of classification in the taxonomic hierarchy; at least in mammals; and occasionally it can extend as high as the order level.
		The created kind is based upon an idea that organisms were created with the innate ability to vary a great deal, and evolutionary processes are merely the means by which that innate ability to vary is expressed.
		Creation scientists posit that the defining element of kinds is approved by barimonologists of creation science through evidence for common lines of ancestry among the organisms.
	creationwiki.org /Created_kind (3317 words)

	What are the Genesis "kinds"? - ChristianAnswers.Net
		Baraminology may be defined as a taxonomy based upon the created kinds (see Bartz, 1991; Frair, 1991; 1999; and Figure 2).
		Or, since the time of creation there could have been some hereditary modifications of the DNA (mutations), and these were passed on to the diverging offspring.
		A three-day conference with the auspicious title "Baraminology ‘99: Creation Biology for the 21st Century" was organized and presented by the BSG in cooperation with the Departments of Biology and Chemistry at Liberty University in Lynchburg, VA, 5-7 August 1999.
	www.christiananswers.net /q-crs/baraminology.html (5119 words)

	Evolution; God's Greatest Creation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		kinds” than was really required from an evolutionary perspective in the sense that two unrelated kinds can occupy the same habitat or utilize the same niche; and even potentially grow to look alike.
		God created many different kinds of animals and man at the same relative point in time, but the machinery placed into organisms to drive their evolution is not yet characterized.
		Since their creation, the Biblical kinds have undergone macroevolution into many genera of related species, and we should be prepared to readily admit this quantity of change.
	nwcreation.net /evolution_creation.html (3857 words)

	What is Creationism?
		Progressive Creationists generally believe that God created "kinds" of organisms sequentially, in the order seen in the fossil record, but say that the newer kinds are specially created, not genetically related to older kinds.
		The heat from Muspell, the firey area to the south, met with the cold from icy Ginnungagap in the north and created the frost giant Ymir.
		Tijuskeha created useful and innocent animals, and Tawiskarong created fierce and monsterous ones.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/wic.html (3319 words)

	Creation biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Creation biology examines biology from a creationist perspective which assumes that God created all life on the planet as described in the Genesis account of Creation, in a finite number of discrete created kinds or baramins.
		Creationists who use creation biology as a support for their claims assert that, while these forms of life were given by God the ability to vary, and even undergo speciation, the kinds can only appear by the action of the divine, cannot interbreed, and cannot increase in genetic complexity.
		Creation biology therefore differs from mainstream biology mainly in its rejection of the modern synthesis and universal common descent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creation_biology (866 words)

	talk.origins FAQ (Creation) 2 of 3
		God may have created different kinds of organisms by modifying existing species, deliberately altering the Nitrogen base sequence in the DNA of gametes or zygotes (such as unfertilised or fertilised ova) so that females produced offspring that were significantly different to themselves.
		This progressive creation by modification explanation is a modern alternative to the older explanation of the individual creation of each species.
		Kinds that are created modifications of existing species would retain the same basic biochemistry so different kinds of living organisms that are descended from a common ancestor as a result of creation by modification will have similar biochemistry.
	www.cs.uu.nl /wais/html/na-dir/talk-origins/creation/part2.html (3674 words)

	What is creation science? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Creation processes: During creation week, God used processes about which we have no knowledge, because they are not "operating anywhere in the natural universe" today.
		Among the many creation epics in human history, the account of sudden creation from nothing, or 'creatio ex nihilo,' and subsequent destruction of the world by flood is unique to Genesis.
		Teaching students about the acts of a creator is not a religious exercise because the students are not required to believe in the concept of the creator.
	www.religioustolerance.org /ev_statc.htm (1655 words)

	Creation Explanation 4c
		The created kinds are distinct, but limited variation is one of the best established facts of biology, and there is no question that processes of diversification have produced a vast number of new species since the original creation and also since the global flood of Noah.
		For example, the one or more related species composing an originally created kind of bird may have diversified into a larger number of different species which are adapted to different environments and life types.
		The extent of variation within kinds and the boundaries of the created kinds are reasonable and useful subjects for scientific research by biologists who believe in creation.
	www.parentcompany.com /creation_explanation/cx4c.htm (906 words)

	Articles / Impact / Summary of Scientific Evidence for Creation (Part I & II) - Institute for Creation Research
		The creation model questions vertical evolution, which is the emergence of complex from simple and change between kinds, but it does not challenge what is often called horizontal evolution or microevolution, which creationists call genetic variation or species or subspecies formation within created kinds.
		Thus present kinds of animals and plants apparently were created, as shown by the systematic fossil gaps and by the similarity of fossil forms to living forms.
		A kind may be defined as a generally interfertile group of organisms that possesses variant genes for a common set of traits but that does not interbreed with other groups of organisms under normal circumstances.
	www.icr.org /index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=177 (3100 words)

	What is the Incompatibility between Genesis and the biological Theory of Evolution? - Page 3 - CWS Talk! - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This, I believe, means all the individual 'kinds' that were to be (remember God finished at the end of the 6th day) were created during this time.
		God creates kinds, but it does not say they only beget their own kind, except in the very general sense that all living things on Earth are a kind; you have more in common with a bacterium than things by which you differ.
		I wasn't aware that 'kind begets kind' is a doctrine.
	www.botcw.com /talk/showthread.php?p=141397 (2073 words)

	Stephanscom.at: "He created each thing according to its kind"
		The idea of a "transformation of kinds" arose in the 19th century: the kinds have gradually developed from the simplest beginnings to the highly complex mammals and to man; the kinds are not unchangeable and there are good natural explanations for the way in which they have come into being.
		While there may be certain gray areas where the boundaries between the kinds are difficult to discern, it is nevertheless easy to see the difference between the two kingdoms of living beings, the plants and the animals; these are clearly distinct.
		Each according to its own kind, all the way up to man. It is surely a certainty of experience that there are kinds: a cat is not an elephant and a dog is not a mouse.
	stephanscom.at /edw/katechesen/articles/2006/01/24/a10066 (4939 words)

	Articles / President's Column / Korean Creation And Discontinuity Conference At Cedarville University - Institute for ...
		Their attractive creation museum, which has been functional since 1993, is now moving to a larger, more visible site.
		The purpose of this conference was to bring together scholars of creation biology so that the principle of discontinuity (the proposal that life does not show a continuous evolutionary line) would be elaborated.
		This second conference on created kinds with its seventy-five attendees was funded jointly by ICR, Cedarville University, and Bryan College, which are to be commended for their firm stand on a literal six-day young-earth position.
	www.icr.org /index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=967 (586 words)

	Ligers and wholphins? What next? - Creation Magazine
		Following are some examples of hybrids that show that the created kind is often at a higher level than the species, or even the genus, named by taxonomists.
		God created all kinds, or basic types, of creatures and plants with the ability to produce variety in their offspring.
		From these kinds came many ‘daughter species’, which generally each have less information (and are thus more specialized) than the parent population on the Ark. Properly understood, adaptation by natural selection (which gets rid of information) does not involve the addition of new complex DNA information.
	www.creationontheweb.com /content/view/271 (2426 words)

	Ligers and wholphins? What next?
		In his mature years he did extensive hybridization (cross-breeding) experiments and realised that his ‘species’ concept was too narrow for the species to be considered as created kinds; he thought that the genus perhaps corresponded better with the created kind.
		From these kinds came many ‘daughter species’, which generally each have less information (and are thus more specialized) than the parent population on the Ark. Properly understood, adaptation by natural selection (which gets rid of information) does not involve the addition of new complex DNA information.
		Creation magazine) has both sheep and goat in its parentage, and shares the characteristics of both species, it is not a hybrid.
	www.evcforum.net /RefLib/LigersWolphins.html (2655 words)

	Organisms come in discrete kinds - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The created kinds are distinct; evolution between them is impossible.
		There is discordance among evolutionary biologists on which of the dozens of species concepts published is the most appropriate, but there is no discussion that species are a real (natural) entity.
		Darwin, Wallace, Mayr, Wilson, etc. Additionally, a large part of the bread and butter work of evolutionary biologists is researching systems of classification that can reflect the evolutionary history of organisms, or the field of systematics.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Organisms_come_in_discrete_kinds (486 words)

	The Definition of Kinds
		One of the primary creationist arguments against the theory of evolution revolves around the postulation of discrete categories of organisms, known variously as kinds (from the term used in Genesis 1) or baramins (from the Hebrew word "bara", which means "created", and "min", which is generally translated as "kinds").
		While there seems to be general agreement that kinds represent discrete categories of organisms that are somehow prevented from evolving beyond certain boundaries, it is difficult to obtain a definition that represents a genuinely testable scientific concept.
		It is interesting to note that the definition of 'kind' as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding places creationists in a rather unpleasant dilemma.
	www.stormloader.com /users/mesk/KindDef.html (1809 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		If this definition of a "kind" were to be accepted ("plants and animals which interbreed and produce viable offspring"), the creationists would have to conclude that no species can ever evolve into another species, since a species itself is a group of organisms which interbreed and produce viable offspring.
		The conclusion that apes and humans would then constitute (on the basis of morphological similarity) a single "created kind", and that therefore apes and humans would be evolutionary variations of each other, is flatly unacceptable to the creationists.
		In effect, then, creationists define a "kind" as (1) a group of organisms which do interbreed, or (2) a group of organisms which don't interbreed but which are similar in basic body plans--and then they leave the guidelines extremely fuzzy about what constitutes "similarity in basic body plans".
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Hangar/2437/kinds.htm (2648 words)

	Brand, L. R. --- Toward the Original Created Kinds
		Linnaeus at first believed in fixity of species, but as he studied his collections and struggled with the challenge of differentiating species and varieties he came to the conclusion that species were not the created kinds.
		At one point he went so far as to suggest that God created as many individuals as there were orders, and these were then mixed to form genera, species, and varieties.
		The publications of Linnaeus that included his ideas on the origin of species and genera within created kinds were in Charles Darwin's library, but Darwin was unaware of these ideas until they were brought to his attention in 1867.
	www.grisda.org /origins/23106.htm (1014 words)

	Creation Research Projects (don't hold your breath!) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Here's the catch: the more "kinds" that were aboard the Ark, the more impossibly large it had to be (and the size is specified in the Bible), and the more impossible the task of separating, housing, feeding, and cleaning up after them.
		The fewer "kinds," the more impossibly fast evolution was necessary after the waters receded to restock the Earth with all present-day species.
		If the "kind" committee has determined that extinct "kinds" were also aboard, then allow (HUGE!) room for them, and again, represent them with modern animals (it'll take a medium-sized herd of elephants to make up for your pair of brachiosaurs [any chance sauropods were "clean"?]).
	members.aol.com /darrwin/creationistprojects.htm (3410 words)

	Rapid Post-Flood Speciation: A Critique of the Young-Earth Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Within each "kind" was created a rich genetic coding that permitted them to shift their major characteristics to adapt to a wide range of post-Flood environments.
		An example is the so-called daughter species of the Bear "kind." Sloth Bears have a specialized head and dental structure that creates a vacuum device for consuming termites.
		Since the "kinds" were able to fragment into the subtypes we see today, they must have been larger than today's species and probably corresponded to what we define as the genus or family level.
	www.godandscience.org /youngearth/speciation.html (4412 words)

	All Kinds of Minds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The All Kinds of Minds’ mission is to help students who struggle with learning measurably improve their success in school and life by providing programs that integrate educational, scientific, and clinical expertise.
		All Kinds of Minds enables a student (K-12), his parents, and his teachers to understand why he is having difficulty in school.
		Once this profile is created, All Kinds of Minds provides the language and tools for parents, educators, and clinicians to develop a concrete, practical action plan to help the child succeed.
	www.allkindsofminds.org /about_mission.aspx (314 words)

	CH350: Discrete Kinds
		Fixity of kinds is based on the philosophy of Plato, not the Bible (Dewey 1910).
		Reproduction "according to their kind" is entirely consistent with evolution, as long as it is recognized that kinds are not fixed.
		Although major changes from one kind to another do not normally happen, except gradually over hundreds of thousands of generations, a sudden origin of a new kind has been observed.
	www.talkorigins.org /indexcc/CH/CH350.html (262 words)

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