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	Phosphocreatine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate or PCr, is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that is an important energy store in skeletal muscle.
		It is used to generate ATP from ADP, forming creatine for the 2 to 7 seconds following an intense effort.
		Creatine phosphate is synthesized in the liver, and transported to the muscle cells for storage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creatine_phosphate (139 words)

	Muscle Physiology - Creatine
		Creatine (Cr) is one of the basic muscle energy stores, particularly in fast twitch glycolytic fibers.
		During exercise, phosphorylated creatine (PCr) is thought to be an immediate source for high energy phosphate groups with which to replenish ATP.
		Creatine has a normal turnover rate of about 2g/day, meaning that approximately 2 grams of creatine are irreversibly degraded to creatinine, and 2 grams synthesized to replace that.
	muscle.ucsd.edu /musintro/creatine.html (346 words)

	CYCLING PERFORMANCE TIPS - dietary supplements - men vs. women
		The chemical energy of the ATP molecule is stored in the phosphate groups, and when these high energy phosphate bonds are cleaved or broken during the processes of cellular metabolism, the energy is then available for muscle contraction and other vital cellular functions.
		Creatine is an amino acid occuring naturally in fish and meat, and is found in skeletal muscle, heart, brain, retina, testes and the uterus.
		Creatine is eliminated through the kidneys, and there is concern that high doses might potentially injure the kidneys.
	www.cptips.com /creatine.htm (1807 words)

	Lean Bodies - Featured Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Creatine levels vary from individual to individual and are influenced by factors such as diet [3], age [4], muscle fiber type [5, 6], and disease [7-13].
		Research on rats examining the effect of creatine on creatine transport proteins has led the authors to recommend creatine use to be limited to three months or less, followed by a one month lay-off from creatine [53].
		Creatine supplementation was reported to increase multiple sprint performance in ice hockey players [66], increase fat-free mass, vertical jump, strength, and sprint speed in football players [34, 52, 67], and increase lean body mass, vertical jump, power output, and work capacity in track and field athletes [68].
	www.leanbodies.net /articles/feature/creatine.html (5077 words)

	Creatine
		Creatine is synthesized in the kidney, liver and pancreas from the amino acids L-arginine, glycine and L-methionine.
		Creatine is mainly synthesized in the kidney, liver and pancreas.
		There is some evidence of creatine synthesis in the retina, and supplementation with 1.5 grams of creatine daily for a year has been reported to bring improvement in genetic gyrate atrophy--not in the blindness that results from this condition but in the skeletal muscle abnormalities that also characterize it.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/cre_0086.shtml (1948 words)

	>>> Creatine Facts - Learn the Truth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Creatine is involved in the first system for regenerating ATP (the fuel source for cells), is found naturally in foods, and our body even synthesizes it.
		The creatine phosphate system is anarobic, meaning that it does not require oxygen to run and is the first system called upon when ATP needs to be regenerated.
		Creatine phosphate, on the other hand, provides the same type of beneficial effects that creatine monohydrate does according to a study done by Peeters BM and other authors (5).
	www.creatine-facts.com (2787 words)

	Creatine
		Creatine is a naturally occurring amino acid (protein building block) found mainly in muscles.
		Roughly one-third is in its free form as creatine, while the remainder is bound to phosphate and called creatine phosphate or phosphocreatine.
		The use of creatine for athletic performance, however, is controversial and its use is restricted by several athletic organizations.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsSupplements/Creatinecs.html (2262 words)

	Creatine Supplementation Revealed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Creatine was further studied and somewhere along the road, it was concluded that creatine provided the body with a readily available source of energy.
		The ATP represents adenosine triphosphate, and CP represents creatine phosphate, or phosphocreatine.
		Creatine use is relatively new to the world of sports and there is much that is not known about it.
	www.louisville.edu /~djaltm01/creatine.html (3040 words)

	Creatine Report
		Creatine is a naturally occurring crystalline molecule that includes atoms of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen (C4H9N3O2).
		After CP is utilized by the muscles, the resultant creatine byproduct is transported by the blood to the kidneys, and excreted in urine as creatinine.
		Creatine is of value to individuals who exercise regularly in order to improve overall muscle tone and definition.
	www.primev.com /Creatine.htm (1418 words)

	Creatine Monohydrate Effervescent Creatine Creatine Phosphate
		Creatine phosphate is a high-energy compound in muscle cells which stores energy and provides the energy for short bursts of activity.
		Creatine is produced by the human body, and the compound also occurs naturally in meat and fish.
		Creatine is very effective for vegetarians as they do not get as much creatine in their diet as meat-eaters do.
	www.qfac.com /supps/creatine.html (775 words)

	Absolute Creatine - Creatine Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Creatine Monohydrate is by far the most common form for a creatine supplement.
		Remember that in order for creatine to be effective it needs to bond with a phosphate group and become Creatine Phosphate.
		Creatine Citrate became popular because it is more water soluble than other forms of creatine.
	www.absolute-creatine.com /2.htm (556 words)

	Creatine - MayoClinic.com
		Creatine is naturally synthesized in the human body from amino acids primarily in the kidney and liver, and transported in the blood for use by muscles.
		Use of creatine is particularly popular among adolescent athletes, who are reported to take doses that are not consistent with scientific evidence, and to frequently exceed recommended loading and maintenance doses.
		Numerous studies suggest that creatine may be helpful in the treatment of various neuromuscular diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and myasthenia gravis, and may delay onset of symptoms when used as an adjunct to conventional treatment.
	www.mayoclinic.com /invoke.cfm?retryCount=1&objectid=17D46435-508B-D3DD-17F8085DF047C715 (2678 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Creatine Monohydrate Information and Product Listing! Creatine Monohydrate FAQ!
		A: Creatine is not totally stable in solution, so it's definitely not a good idea to keep it mixed with liquid for days, but there shouldn't be a problem mixing it six to eight hours before it's consumed.
		Creatine, which is present naturally in the body, works by increasing the muscle's ability to refuel quickly.
		Creatine can help athletes get in some extra lifts in training, or some extra force in a game, but the effect is not so powerful that athletes "can exceed breaking points for muscle tendons and fibers," he said.
	www.bodybuilding.com /store/creatine.html (1907 words)

	Absolute Creatine
		Creatine is a compound that can be made in our bodies or taken as a dietary supplement.
		We don't want to go into great detail on creatine vs. creatine phosphate now (that is in a later article) - all you need to know now is that the majority of creatine that is stored in the muscles bonds with abundant phosphorus stores in the muscles and is converted into Creatine Phosphate (CP).
		Creatine has been shown to pull water into your muscle cells, which increases the size of your muscles.
	www.absolute-creatine.com (1174 words)

	Effervescent Creatine creatine monohydrate creatine phosphate
		Creatine monohydrate and creatine phosphate are creatine molecules bonded to water (monohydrate) or a salt (phosphate) in order to create a stable powder that releases creatine when added to a glass of water.
		Creatine can only go into solution (and therefore be absorbed) once it has been separated from a salt (such as phosphorus in creatine phosphate or the monohydrate group in creatine monohydrate) and buffered to its isoelectric point, the point at which it has a net electrical charge of zero.
		Creatine is available in a special formula for male athletes over 35 years of age.
	www.qfac.com /supps/effervescent.html (1073 words)

	Creatine Select - Build Muscle Faster Than Ever Before
		For creatine to be effective in the muscle cell it must combine with a phosphate.
		Sure, I knew the creatine phosphate molecule was too large to be absorbed and that’s why we use pure 100% pharmacological grade Creatine Monohydrate at Beverly.
		Hundreds of research studies on the benefits of creatine monohydrate and phosphates individually and two very significant studies where creatine and phosphates were combined.
	beverlyinternational.com /products/creatineselect.html (1210 words)

	Creatine Monohydrate FAQ - ABSORB Creatine Monohydrate Company
		Creatine Monohydrate is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that is stored as energy in muscle cells.
		Creatine Monohydrate is absorbed into the bloodstream quickly and rapidly increases energy and builds muscle strength.
		Creatine Kinase is the enzyme needed to reconvert creatine back into creatine phosphate.
	www.absorb-creatine.com /creatine_monohydrate_faq.asp (964 words)

	ATP and Creatine Phosphate
		Creatine is one of the most talked-about ergogenic aids around.
		The CP molecule also releases a large amount of energy when the bond between its creatine and phosphate molecules is split.
		As a result, its phosphate is donated directly to ADP to re-form ATP in the presence of the catalytic enzyme creatine kinase.
	www.illpumpyouup.com /articles/atp-and-creatine-phosphate.htm (880 words)

	Creatine & phosphate
		In addition to supplying energy, creatine phosphate also acts as a 'buffer' which helps to downgrade increases in muscle and blood acidity during exercise.
		Creatine phosphate also carries energy from the part of the muscle cell where it is created to the part where it is actually used to make the muscle shorten.
		Phosphate itself is also a buffer, and of course ingested phosphates can be used to form creatine phosphate and ATP, the important chemicals mentioned above.
	www.pponline.co.uk /encyc/0038.htm (287 words)

	Pure Creatine Monohydrate
		CREATINE is a protein found in the body, concentrated in the skeletal muscles, and critical to the production of energy in the ATP cycle.
		CREATINE kinase is the enzyme which triggers the breakdown of ATP to ADP causing the release of energy and the loss of a phosphorus molecule.
		CREATINE has a vital role in energy metabolism during the formation of ATP through the CREATINE kinase reaction, which would be advantageous for athletes that rely on this energy system.
	www.libertyzone.com /NScreatine.html (490 words)

	ConsumerLab.com - Muscular Enhancement Supplements: Creatine, HMB, and Glutamine review
		Creatine is produced by the body as creatine phosphate and found in muscle.
		Creatine supplementation may also increase muscle size, although this is believed to be due to increased water retention in the muscle and not an increase in lean body mass (See the Encyclopedia on this site for more information about creatine).
		When creatine is metabolized in the body, it creates a waste product called "creatinine," which is normally removed from the body by the kidneys.
	www.consumerlabs.com /results/creatine.asp (1941 words)

	Creatine Phosphate - CP3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		"Creatine" is the newest addition in supplements and one of the safest and most effective at the present time.
		It is a high octane substance found naturally in the muscles and it supplies the energy needed for muscle contractions.
		A horse supplemented with Creatine stores excess energy and he will not fatigue so easily at the end of the race.
	www.justwin.net /Creatine.html (169 words)

	creatine liquid serum, powder and other nutritional supplements for muscles- What is Creatine
		Creatine (scientifically known as Creatine Monohydrate) is a naturally occurring substance that exists in every muscle of your body.
		Creatine Monohydrate combines with abundant phosphorus stores in the muscles and is converted into Creatine Phosphate.
		Creatine must be 99% pure and free of harmful fillers.
	www.powersupplements.com /creatine.htm (1081 words)

	Diphosphate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Stilphostrol® bontril diphosphate) is not for use in the bontril and action of miconazole.
		Nucleoside diphosphate kinase catalyzes the reaction in which the terminal phosphate of a nucleoside-triphosphate is transferred to a nucleoside-diphosphate.
		The nucleobase can be purines or pyrimidines, the sugar can be deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA, and the phosphate chain can be a monophosphate, diphosphate, or triphosphate.
	sodiumphosphate.moatsodium.com /diphosphate (624 words)

	Creatine plus Phosphate
		Creatine Capsules comes with an enhanced formula: phosphate and bicarbonate have been added to increase the overall benefits of creatine supplementation.
		The extra phosphate ensures that the ADP-ATP system works smoothly and efficiently (phosphate is needed to restore ADP to ATP).
		Each serving of Creatine Capsules provides 1500mg of pure creatine monohydrate, 50mg of sodium phosphate, and 50mg of sodium bicarbonate.
	www.evitamins.com /product.asp?pid=1703 (381 words)

	Welcome to The Supplement Research Foundation
		This form of creatine contains 623 mg of “free” creatine in every gram.
		(only 62%) None of the scientific studies have used creatine phosphate as a dietary source of creatine, as it has NEVER been shown to have an ergogenic or anabolic effect when taken orally.
		Please consult a doctor before starting any nutrition, training, and supplementation program.
	www.tsrf.com /supplements/supplements_creatinep.htm (98 words)

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