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Topic: Creatinine clearance

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	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Creatinine clearance
		The creatinine clearance test compares the level of creatinine in urine with the creatinine level in the blood, usually based on measurements of a 24-hour urine sample and a blood sample drawn at the end of the 24-hour period.
		Because creatinine is found in stable plasma concentrations, is freely filtered and not reabsorbed, and is minimally secreted by the kidneys, creatinine clearance is used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) -- the standard by which kidney function is assessed.
		The creatinine clearance is an estimate of the glomerular filtration rate, that is, the volume of filtrate made by the kidneys per minute.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003611.htm (963 words)

	Creatinine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).
		A rise in blood creatinine levels is observed only with marked damage to functioning nephrons; therefore this test is not suitable for detecting early kidney disease.
		A better estimation of kidney function is given by the creatinine clearance test, which, however, is less convenient and unsuitable as a screening test because it requires the collection of urine over 24 hours.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creatinine (326 words)

	Creatinine clearance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Creatinine clearance is a method that estimates the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the kidneys.
		Creatinine clearance is the amount of creatinine in the urine, divided by the concentration in the blood, over a certain amount of time.
		Clearance is a ratio of the mass generation and concentration at steady-state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creatinine_clearance (249 words)

	* Creatinine clearance - (Disease): Definition
		Why Performed: The creatinine clearance is an estimate of the glomerular filtration rate, that is, the volume of filtrate made by the kidneys per minute...
		Urine creatinine levels can be used as a screening test to evaluate kidney function, or as part of the creatinine clearance test.
		Urine volume is normally measured as a part of the creatinine clearance test or any test that measures the amount of a substance eliminated in a day (for example, protein, aldosterone, sodium, potassium, urea nitrogen)...
	en.mimi.hu /disease/creatinine_clearance.html (241 words)

	Creatinine Clearance
		Because all the creatinine filtered by the kidneys in a given time interval is excreted into the urine, creatinine levels are equivalent to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR); the rate at which the kidneys process blood through the glomerular system.
		The creatinine clearance test is used to diagnose renal dysfunction and is also used to evaluate the progression of renal disease.
		A minimum creatinine clearance of 10ml/min is necessary to maintain life without the use of renal or peritoneal dialysis.
	www.rnceus.com /renal/renalcc.html (304 words)

	creatinine clearance - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Accurate measurement of glomerular filtration rate by a clearance test requires determination of the concentrations in plasma and urine, of a substance which is freely filtered at the glomerulus, and is neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the renal tubules.
		Creatinine is often used to assess GFR although it does not fulfill all the above requirements.
		A clearance of less than 80 ml/min is significant except in people over 80 years.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/208338949.htm (185 words)

	Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance - [Medical Test]
		Creatinine and creatinine clearance tests measure the level of the waste product creatinine in your blood and urine.
		Creatinine is produced at a steady rate and is affected very little by diet or by normal physical activities.
		A creatinine clearance test is performed both on a blood sample taken from your vein and on a sample of urine collected over 24 hours (24-hour urine sample).
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/medtest/hw4322/descrip.htm (394 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Creatinine clearance versus serum creatinine as a risk factor in cardiac surgery
		The serum creatinine level is influenced by many factors which are independent of the glomerular filtration rate: tubular secretion and reabsorption, endogenous production, variable intake, extrarenal elimination and interference, caused by the laboratory diagnostic techniques and medicaments used [12,13].
		Since the assessment of the renal function, based on the determination of serum creatinine, is associated with several limitations [13,14] and the measurement of creatinine clearance by urine collection is rather time-consuming, several formulas estimating the renal function from serum creatinine, body weight, age and sex, as well as ethnic features, have been developed.
		Creatinine clearance calculated according to the Cockcroft and Gault equation should be considered in the preoperative assessment of the renal function instead of serum creatinine.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2482/3/4 (3950 words)

	Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance - [Medical Test] - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Creatinine and creatinine clearance tests measure creatinine levels in your blood and urine to provide information about how well your kidneys are working.
		The creatinine clearance value is calculated from the amounts of creatinine in the urine and blood and from the volume of urine.
		High creatinine clearance values can be caused by strenuous exercise, muscle injury (especially crushing injuries), burns, carbon monoxide poisoning, hypothyroidism, and pregnancy.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/medtest/hw4322/results.htm (446 words)

	Creatinine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The creatinine level in the serum is therefore determined by the rate it is being removed, which is roughly a measure of kidney function.
		Creatinine clearance is technically the amount of blood that is "cleared" of creatinine per time period.
		It is roughly, inversely related to serum creatinine: If the clearance drops to one half of the old level, the serum creatinine doubles (in the steady state).
	www.transweb.org /qa/qa_txp/faq_creat.html (467 words)

	Creatinine Clearance: The Test
		When this occurs, the blood creatinine level will be increased and the creatinine clearance will be decreased because not as much creatinine is able to be excreted in the urine.
		A decreased creatinine clearance rate may also occur when there is decreased blood flow to the kidneys as may occur with congestive heart failure, obstruction within the kidney, or acute or chronic kidney failure.
		Creatinine clearance rates tend to fall later in life as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR — the rate at which the glomeruli filter the blood) declines.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/creatinine_clearance/test.html (417 words)

	Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance
		Creatinine and creatinine clearance tests measure the level of the waste product creatinine in your blood and urine.
		Creatinine is made at a steady rate and is not affected by diet or by normal physical activities.
		A creatinine clearance test is done on both a blood sample and on a sample of urine collected over 24 hours (24-hour urine sample).
	www.webmd.com /a-to-z-guides/Creatinine-and-Creatinine-Clearance (627 words)

	Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance
		Kidney disease or blockage of the flow of urine from the kidney usually causes both BUN and creatinine levels to increase to a similar degree, resulting in a BUN-to-creatinine ratio that is close to normal.
		A high blood creatinine level is usually associated with a low creatinine clearance because creatinine in the blood is removed, or filtered, by the kidneys.
		The amount of creatinine in the blood depends partly on the amount of muscle tissue; therefore, blood creatinine levels are generally higher in men than in women.
	my.webmd.com /hw/kidney_failure/hw4322.asp (1821 words)

	News - Reduced Creatinine Clearance Appears Linked to Subclinical Organ Damage in Hypertensive Patients
		Mildly decreased creatinine clearance is a marker of preclinical cardiac and vascular damage in hypertensive patients with normal serum creatinine, Italian researchers report.
		An association between decreased creatinine clearance and hypertensive end-organ damage is of interest, because it may help explain the high morbidity and mortality in patients with mild renal dysfunction, according to Giovanna Leoncini and colleagues of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa.
		Analysis of the clinical characteristics of study patients revealed a mean creatinine clearance of 83±21.2 mL/min, and a prevalence of 13% for LVH and 49% for retinopathy.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256E5000339305 (500 words)

	Creatinine clearance test definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Creatinine is produced from the metabolism of protein as when muscles burn energy.
		The rate of creatinine clearance is measured by first noting the volume of urine excreted in a given time period, such as 24 hours.
		Then the amount of creatinine in the excreted urine is measured and compared with the amount of creatinine circulating in the blood.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=12551 (512 words)

	Renally excreted drug dosing review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Thus, an estimate of creatinine clearance is necessary for determining the appropriate dosage of renally excreted drugs.
		Creatinine clearance can either be measured by a timed urine collection or estimated from serum creatinine.
		Estimation of creatinine clearance in patients with unstable renal function.
	www.rxkinetics.com /renal.html (1924 words)

	URI APhA-ASP Creatinine Clearance Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The calculation of creatinine clearance is an indicator of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is used clinically as an indicator of overall renal function.
		Creatinine is a byproduct of creatinine metabolism that occurs in the muscle.
		Creatinine is one of the indicators of renal function.
	www.uri.edu /student_organizations/asp/resources/creatinine.html (461 words)

	Adult Health Advisor 2005.2: Creatinine Clearance Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Creatinine is made in the muscles as your body produces energy.
		The creatinine clearance test compares the level of creatinine in a 24-hour sample of urine with the creatinine level in the blood.
		This type of blockage might be caused by a kidney stone or by a kink in the tube going away from the kidney or from something pressing down on the tube, such as an enlarged prostate gland or a tumor.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/aha/aha_creaclea_crs.htm (751 words)

	Creatinine Clearance
		Since tubular secretion of creatinine is fractionally more important in progressing renal failure, the creatinine clearance overestimates GFR with high serum creatinine levels.
		Creatinine clearance is calculated on the basis of the surface area of the patient.
		The estimated error of determining creatinine clearance utilizing serum and 24-hour urine collection has been found to be in the range of 10% to 15%.
	www.labcorp.com /datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/pr003800.htm (428 words)

	Medical Download.com - KineticsPro
		The program will calculate and display ideal body weight, dosing weight (where applicable), estimated creatinine clearance, estimated elimination rate constant, estimated half-life, estimated volume of distribution, and suggested dosing interval based on the estimated elimination rate constant.
		Next (for vancomycin and traditionally dosed aminoglycosides), select the dosing interval (if different than suggested) and enter a desired peak or dose to have KineticsPro calculate a dose, interval and estimated peak/trough levels.
		For large dose extended interval aminoglycosides, KineticsPro will suggest a dosing interval based on estimated creatinine clearance.
	www.medicaldownload.com /medicalsoftware/kineticspro.htm (174 words)

	Creatinine Clearance: The Test Sample
		The amount of creatinine produced in the body is dependent on muscle mass and is constant for an individual.
		The amount of creatinine taken from the blood depends on the filtering ability of the glomeruli and the rate at which blood is carried to the kidneys.
		The creatinine clearance is a calculation that allows a general evaluation of the amount of blood that is being filtered in 24 hours.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/creatinine_clearance/sample.html (299 words)

	Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance - [Medical Test] - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The levels of blood creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can be used to calculate the BUN-to-creatinine ratio.
		From the creatinine and BUN levels, a measurement called the BUN-to-creatinine ratio can be calculated.
		The BUN-to-creatinine ratio is determined by dividing the measured BUN level by the creatinine level.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/medtest/hw4322/descrip.htm (407 words)

	01/03/05 Creatinine clearance must be checked to reduce CIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		While measuring the creatinine levels is standard, it may be better to assess creatinine clearance as well, according to researchers at the VA North Texas Health Care System.
		Using a cutoff of 50 and 60 mL/min creatinine clearance, 20% of patients with no clinical risk factor would have been at increased risk of CIN.
		A person who is elderly and thin can have very low creatinine clearance even with nearly normal creatinine levels, said Duerinckx, now the director of MR, CT, and vascular imaging for Forsyth Radiological Associates in Winston-Salem, NC.
	www.diagnosticimaging.com /showNews.jhtml?articleID=56900119 (463 words)

	GFR and creatinine clearance comments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Creatinine clearance is higher than GFR (due to tubular excretion of creatinine).
		At around 10% of normal renal function (the level at which dialysis may be considered), creatinine clearance is around twice GFR (as tubular creatinine excretion is relatively preserved).
		Another cause of confusion is that GFR or creatinine clearance should be corrected for the patient's surface area (calculated from height and weight).
	www.renal.org /Resources/GFRjamesT.html (452 words)

	Creatinine clearance test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Glomerular filtration rate can be calculated by measuring any chemical that has a steady level in the blood, and is neitheractively absorbed or excreted by the kidneys.
		Creatinine is used because it fulfills these requirements (though not perfectly), and it is produced naturally by the body.Other methods involve constant infusions of inulin or another compound, to maintain asteady state in the blood.
		For example grading ofchronic renal insufficiency and dosage of drugs that are primarily excreted via urine arebased on GFR (creatinine clearance).
	www.therfcc.org /creatinine-clearance-test-116102.html (171 words)

	EdRenHANDBOOK - GFR estimation
		Plots of the reciprocal of creatinine (see graph) are useful as they can be used to give an approximate prediction of the date of ESRF for many patients, and to identify changes in the rate of progression.
		Creatinine clearance overestimates GFR in a variety of circumstances, because of tubular secretion.
		Amount of creatinine in 24h of urine is reported by the lab in mmol/24h.
	renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk /EdREN/Handbookbits/HDBKgfrest.html (794 words)

	Multi-Institutional Validation Study of Carboplatin Dosing Formula Using Adjusted Serum Creatinine Level -- Ando et al. ...
		B, relationship between observed carboplatin clearance and that predicted by the Calvert formula using nonadjusted creatinine clearance, where creatinine level was measured with the PAP method.
		B, mean prediction error and its 95% confidence interval of estimated carboplatin clearance by the Calvert formula using nonadjusted creatinine clearance, where the creatinine level was measured with the PAP method.
		the systematic overestimation of carboplatin clearance by the
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/6/12/4733 (3374 words)

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