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Agricultural Finance Review Annual, two-year average, and three-year average indicators of qualitative creditworthiness, as well as annual, two-year average, and three-year average indicators of quantitative creditworthiness, are calculated using the coverage ratio. The terminology "less" creditworthy is used instead of "not" creditworthy because it is recognized that the farms have been in operation over a nine-year period and most of them have utilized some form of debt over this period. The creditworthy classifications are based on annual, two-year average, and three-year average measures of creditworthiness using 1.00, 1.15, and 1.30 cut-off values. afr.aem.cornell.edu /57/volume_57_article4.htm   (3861 words)

Rating the Raters of Country Creditworthiness - Finance & Development - March 1997 Nevertheless, the concepts of country risk and creditworthiness are no less important, as many institutional investors from industrial countries are allowed to invest only in instruments that meet or exceed a minimum credit rating standard. The variables to be used to explain a country's credit rating must be consistent with the factors that the compilers of the ratings have indicated they used in assessing a country's performance and what the theoretical literature has stressed as important in determining the capacity and willingness to service external debt. The influence of a country's external position on its creditworthiness is measured in terms of the scale of its existing obligations and the factors affecting its ability to service these obligations. www.worldbank.org /fandd/english/0397/articles/020397.htm   (2604 words)

Creditworthiness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) Creditworthiness is an abstract credit concept related to the financial stability of an entity. The second way out represents what will happen if the loan is not paid per arrangement (possibility including the requirement for externally appointed controller/managers or bankruptcy), and the risk of this occurring is call credit risk. For example, Standard and Poor's may issue an AA rating on a large listed corporation, indicating that the corporation is highly unlikely to have problems meeting its credit obligations. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creditworthiness   (193 words)

Creditworthiness creditworthiness is a measure of his or her ability to successfully manage his or her finances and make timely payments on debt as demonstrated over a historical period. creditworthiness looks at the reliability, professional and technical qualifications of the borrower, or his business acumen. creditworthiness deals with financial criteria, such as past debt repayment, earning capacity, and debt to income ratio. www.knockoutdebt.com /debt-glossary/Creditworthiness.aspx   (86 words)

FDIC: FIL-6-2004: Spousal Signature Provisions of Regulation B If an applicant does not meet the creditor's standards of creditworthiness, then the creditor may condition approval of the credit application upon the applicant either (1) furnishing the signature of another person (cosigner, guarantor or similar person), but the creditor may not require that person to be the applicant's spouse, Even if a corporation is creditworthy, a creditor may require the personal guarantees of the partners, directors or officers of a business, and the shareholders of a closely held corporation. In accordance with Regulation B, a creditor is prohibited from requiring the signature of the guarantor's spouse in the same way that it is prohibited from obtaining the signature of an applicant's spouse and the Official Commentary to Regulation B states that the signature rules of § 202.7(d) apply equally to guarantors. www.fdic.gov /news/news/financial/2004/fil0604a.html   (2319 words)

Converium: Creditworthiness It does not simply list internationally accepted criteria for creditworthiness assessments (analysis of annual financial statements, calculation of key figures, etc.), even though figures are highly condensed metrics which provide concentrated information in a numerical format and serve as extremely important indicators. Instead it refers to the limitations of objective creditworthiness assessments and considers the importance of what is termed moral creditworthiness. Creditworthiness assessments attach increasing importance to sector comparisons whereby the key figures of the company under analysis are compared with those of similar companies in the same sector. www.converium.com /2389.asp   (1474 words)

Equality of Opportunity and Investment in Creditworthiness   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) To get an intuitive feel for the investment in creditworthiness model, consider a borrower's attitude in two settings-an efficient lending market that she expects to visit repeatedly versus a discriminatory market that she believes is likely to deny her credit in the future. In short, a borrower's rational level of investment in creditworthiness includes a rational level of investment in education about the *1540 financial system and a rational level of effort to conform to the preferences of lenders, notably by maintaining a good credit record. As before, the average return on investment in creditworthiness will be higher for *1541 whites than for fls, resulting in a lower rational level of investment in creditworthiness for fls. www.peterswire.net /equal.htm   (9562 words)

[No title] CREDITWORTHINESS 12.1 Creditworthiness for Firm Transportation Service NBP shall not be required to perform or to continue transportation service under this FERC Gas Tariff, Original Volume No. 1, on behalf of any Shipper who fails to comply with NBP's creditworthiness standards. CREDITWORTHINESS (Continued) 12.4 Creditworthiness for Interruptible Transportation Service NBP shall not be required to perform or to continue interruptible transportation service under this FERC Gas Tariff on behalf of any Shipper who fails to comply with NBP's creditworthiness standards. CREDITWORTHINESS (Continued) 12.5 Creditworthiness for Lending Service (Continued) (a) (Continued) If Shipper is unable to maintain credit consistent with these standards, NBP may, at its sole discretion terminate the executed service agreement and may exercise any other remedy available to it hereunder, at law or in equity. www.ferc.gov /industries/gas/gen-info/fastr/HTMLAll/135551.HTM   (11393 words)

Georgetown University - The Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy (Volume II, Number II) Part I describes the methods lenders use to determine creditworthiness in loan applicants and how these methods, which are "rational" from the lenders perspective, keep investment capital out of the inner cities. Part II focuses on the pithy legal regulations of lenders creditworthiness evaluations and the manner in which these laws implicitly endorse current lending practices and their detrimental consequences. Part III analyzes the function of creditworthiness in society from a Foucaultian perspective by looking at how normative judgements embodied in social institutions order society by punishing, or threatening to punish, those who deviate from the acceptable social-economic norms. www.law.georgetown.edu /journals/poverty/back/black.html   (291 words)

Fuzzy Application Library/Business and Finance Applications/Creditworthiness Assessment To evaluate the creditworthiness of the customer, multiple financial and personal factors are used. The final evaluation of creditworthiness is shown by the lowest node. The only difference is that the creditworthiness and the other evaluation results from the nodes also had to be entered. www.fuzzytech.com /e/e_ft4bf3.html   (1018 words)

Bank Creditworthiness using Fuzzy Systems: A Comparison with a Classical Analysis Techniques The aim of this paper is to produce a method to evaluate the creditworthiness of a client and to forecast its good performance. The two scores give an evaluation of creditworthiness and offer different levels of "cut-off", that are the thresholds of the scoring under which the bank decide to refuse requests. In addition, this fact enables a good method of gauging creditworthiness to be constructed even in the absence of sufficient historical data, a situation that not infrequently occurs. www.fuzzytech.com /e/bankcre.html   (3765 words)

PPI: Giving Credit Where It's Due by Anne Kim Because many of the factors on which creditworthiness is judged depend on a borrower's income and assets, lower-income and minority borrowers tend to have a tougher time obtaining credit, especially for home mortgage loans. A low-income person who under current measures of creditworthiness is labeled a poor credit risk may, under different and less restrictive standards, prove to be a worthy borrower. In recent years, analyses of borrowers' creditworthiness have become increasingly sophisticated, in large part due to the advent of computerization in home mortgage lending. www.ppionline.org /ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=114&subsecID=236&contentID=250212   (1130 words)

Russian Regional Government Creditworthiness Improved by Reforms In the long term these reforms are expected to lead to a stronger, more stable, and more creditworthy intergovernmental system. The general creditworthiness of Russia's strongest regions continues to improve. The creditworthiness of rated Russian regions has improved over the past few years in line with that of the Russian Federation, as evident by increased credit ratings (to 'BB-' for Moscow and St. Petersburg in 2002 from 'CCC-' in 1998). www.standardandpoors.com /europe/francais/Fr_news/Russian-Regional-Government_07-10-02.html   (746 words)

[No title] Yet, almost invariably, any pronouncement about creditworthiness involved an appraisal of the borrower's "character." Why this was so becomes obvious when one considers that credit terms during the early nineteenth century could span from six to twelve months or longer. When one looks beyond the moral language of the credit reports, a common and very precise set of standards for creditworthiness emerges -- standards that allowed reporters and suppliers to assess borrowers’ ability to remain liquid as well as their willingness to meet payments or make good-faith arrangements when liquidity was threatened. The assumption that creditworthiness could be determined through simple and careful calculation by any reasonably intelligent creditor may well have increased the number who were willing to try. weber.ucsd.edu /~aronatas/conference/Olegario.doc   (5633 words)

FERC: Press Release   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) In a number of recently filed requests for revised tariff creditworthiness provisions, pipelines claimed that, due to an increasing number of credit rating downgrades for many energy companies, industry attention has focused on issues relating to pipelines’ risk profiles and credit exposure. As became clear after reviewing pipeline tariffs in the recent creditworthiness cases, pipeline tariff provisions on creditworthiness are not consistent or uniform. The Commission said the proposed rule seeks to balance the interests of the pipeline in obtaining reasonable assurances of creditworthiness against the need to ensure that open access services are reasonably available to all shippers. www.ferc.gov /press-room/pr-archives/2004/2004-1/02-11-04-rm04-4.asp   (431 words)

Interfax > Press-releases   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) However, their creditworthiness is more susceptible to adverse changes in external conditions. Obligors are sufficiently able to meet their financial obligations under favorable conditions, but their creditworthiness is very likely to be eroded under unfavorable conditions. The ratings from 'Aa (rus)' to 'Caa (rus)' are accompanied with modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to indicate that an obligor/obligation has a higher, mid-range or lower ranking in the respective rating category. www.interfax.ru /e/B/0/51.html?id_issue=5582718   (1577 words)

Credit Ratings and Analysis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) A credit rating is an assessment by a third party of the creditworthiness of an issuer of financial securities. Credit analysis is the financial analysis used to determine the creditworthiness of an issuer. Establishing the creditworthiness of borrowers is one of the oldest established financial activities known. www.finpipe.com /ratings.htm   (400 words)

Debt -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) A textbook example of such risk-free interest is a government bond of US government - it yields you the minimum return available in economics, but you get the security of the knowledge that US has never defaulted on its debt instruments. A risk-free rate is commonly used in setting floating interest rates, floating interest rate is usually calculated as risk-free interest rate plus a bonus to the creditor based on the creditworthiness of the debtor. A change in ratings can strongly affect a company, since its cost of (additional info and facts about refinancing) refinancing depends on its (Trustworthiness with money as based on a person's credit history; a general qualification for borrowing) creditworthiness. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/debt.htm   (1899 words)

Illinois Legal Aid Online | Equal Credit Opportunity Act While credit may not be denied on a prohibited basis, facts bearing on creditworthiness may be considered in an unbiased credit evaluation system. In a demonstrably and statistically sound, empirically derived credit scoring system, creditor may use age as a predictor, but age of elderly applicant (in and of itself) may not be assigned a negative value. In a judgmental system for determining creditworthiness, a creditor may consider factors relating to age or receipt of public assistance, insofar as they are relevant to a pertinent (nondiscriminatory) element of creditworthiness. www.illinoislegalaid.org /index.cfm?fuseaction=home.dsp_content&contentID=300   (1169 words)

Regulation B - Equal Credit Opportunity Moody, 422 U.S. 405 (1975), to be applicable to a creditor’s determination of creditworthiness. In evaluating creditworthiness, a creditor shall not make assumptions or use aggregate statistics relating to the likelihood that any category of persons will bear or rear children or will, for that reason, receive diminished or interrupted income in the future. A creditor’s consideration or application of state property laws directly or indirectly affecting creditworthiness does not constitute unlawful discrimination for the purposes of the Act or this regulation. www.bankersonline.com /regs/202/202-6.html   (712 words)

Public Finance and Economic Growth Projects: Poland - RTI International RTI was responsible for overall planning, coordination, and implementation of the creditworthiness enhancement program (CEP) comprising measures that the City of Krakow had agreed to take to strengthen its creditworthiness. The purpose of this contract was to conduct detailed creditworthiness analysis for the cities of Gdansk and Sopot in support of development and finalization of a loan agreement signed with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) for financing of the Gdansk Urban Transport and Sopot Traffic Management projects. The methodology for advance analysis of municipal creditworthiness in support of loan agreements for infrastructure finance can be disseminated as an example to other local government and financing institutions in the region. www.rti.org /page.cfm?objectid=6B89D20A-E395-4110-A7EFC884DAB1417D   (589 words)

Teknecon Energy Risk Advisors LLC The focus of this effort will be on analyzing specific quantitative factors that will give greater insight into the creditworthiness of a counterparty, compared to relying solely on unsecured bond ratings, and on incorporating qualitative information to adjust, as necessary, the result of the quantification of creditworthiness. Potential exposure is calculated in the same manner as market value at risk, except that potential exposure is calculated for the life of the exposure as opposed to market value at risk which is calculated for a defined time period. Beyond the ability to perform an initial evaluation of counterparty creditworthiness, a company must develop the ability to gather and process information in a rapid fashion regarding the potential deterioration of a counterparty's creditworthiness. www.teknecon.com /credit_generic.html   (869 words)

S&P Says Outlooks Good Indicator of Default Probability NEW YORK, Oct. 26 /PRNewswire/ -- Credit rating outlooks, such as "positive," "negative," and "stable," assigned by Standard & Poor's as an indication of the credit trend on a certain rating or an issuer's creditworthiness, are incrementally predictive of default, according to a comprehensive study released today by the global ratings agency. The study includes a cumulative default table that shows speculative-grade issuers with negative outlooks are, over a one-year time frame, nearly nine times more likely to default than those with positive outlooks. -- Positive: suggests a rating or creditworthiness is improving and may be raised; -- Negative: suggests a rating or creditworthiness is deteriorating and may be lowered; and -- Stable: suggests a rating is unlikely to change; and -- Developing: suggests a rating or creditworthiness may be raised or lowered. www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/10-26-2001/0001602093&EDATE=   (546 words)

Fuzzy Rule Extraction for Determining Creditworthiness of Credit Applicants (ResearchIndex) Abstract: The main objective of this research paper is to provide an empirical analysis of the hybrid symbolic/connectionist expert system development tool SC-net to act as a viable system for acquiring expert system knowledge by means of learning. The task to be studied is the prediction of creditworthiness for credit seeking applicants. The creditworthiness domain - unlike many other domains studied by the machine learning community - contains both uncertainties in the inputs and outputs. citeseer.ist.psu.edu /38934.html   (300 words)

EconPapers: Determinants of Spread and Creditworthiness for Emerging Market Sovereign Debt:A Panel Data Study Abstract: This study uses a panel-data framework to identify the determinants of the spread over US Treasuries of emerging market sovereign issues as well as of the creditworthiness of the issuers,where the latter is represented by the Institutional Investor's creditworthiness index. The results suggest that for both the spread and the creditworthiness, significant explanatory variables include the economic growt rate, the debt-to-GDP ratio, the reserves-to-GDP ratio, and the debt-to-exports ratio. In addition, the spread is also determined by the exports-to-GDP ratio, and the debt service to GDP,while the creditworthiness is influenced by the inflation rate and a default dummy variable. econpapers.repec.org /paper/bdrborrec/295.htm   (260 words)

EH.Net Encyclopedia: Money in the American Colonies Some individuals of modest means created notes of hand in small denominations and attempted to circulate them as a medium of exchange; in Pennsylvania in 1768, a newspaper account stated that 10% of the cash offered in the retail trade consisted of such notes (Pennsylvania Chronicle, October 12, 1768; Kimber, 1998, p. Men in military service were paid in cash and taken far from the community in which their creditworthiness was commonly known, reducing both their need for book credit and their ability to obtain it. Moreover, it would have to give a shopkeeper pause, and discourage him from advancing book credit, to consider the real possibility that even his civilian customers might find themselves in the militia in the near future, and gone from the local community, possibly forever. eh.net /encyclopedia/?article=michener.american.colonies.money   (12987 words)

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