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Topic: Cree Indians

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Cree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		CREE [Cree] Native North Americans whose language belongs to the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock (see Native American languages).
		A warlike tribe, the Cree were nevertheless friendly toward French and English fur traders, and their history is closely connected with the activities of the Hudson's Bay and the North West companies.
		In the 1990s, Cree living in N Quebec waged strong opposition to the province's planned massive James Bay hydroelectric project, but in 2002 they negotiated an agreement with Quebec that permitted partial hydroelectric development, mining, and logging in exchange for jobs and $3.5 billion in financing (over 50 years).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c/cree.asp (478 words)

	MHS Transactions: Eastern Cree Indians
		Historically, the Cree Indians are one of the eastern Woodland tribes of Algonkian speech, closely related to the Ojibway.
		The combined Indian population of the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan is given in the same census as 84,398.
		For the Indian on the trail, it is a veritable nectar.
	www.mhs.mb.ca /docs/transactions/3/easterncree.shtml (5166 words)

	Facts for Kids: Cree Indians (Crees)
		We encourage students and teachers to look through our Cree language and culture pages for in-depth information about the tribe, but here are our answers to the questions we are most often asked by children, with Cree pictures and links we believe are suitable for all ages.
		Cree hunters were known for their long-range bows and arrows, and these were also used in war.
		Cree artists are known for their moose-hair and quill embroidery, woodcarving, and colorful beadwork.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/cree_kids.htm (1531 words)

	Woodland Cree Bands
		Although there is evidence that may indicate the Cree have lived in the parkland regions of the west for some time, the Plains Cree originated in the east and moved to the Plains through their involvement in the fur trade.
		While the term "Cree" most likely originated from a French name of unknown origin, "Kristineaux", their own term is "Nehiyawak" or "exact people." There are many branches of the Cree nation spread across the country and are typically divided into the Plains Cree, Woodland Cree, and Moose Cree.
		In the spring and autumn the Cree hunted ducks and geese, and ptarmigan in the winter.
	www.albertasource.ca /treaty8/eng/Peoples_and_Places/Profiles_of_the_Treaty_Makers/Bands_and_Nations/woodland_cree_bands.html (573 words)

	The life of the Cree Indians
		The Cree Indians are a vast tribe of Native Americans who reside in various parts of North America.
		In Canada, the Cree Indians heavily populate Quebec and Saskatchewan.
		However, there is a Cree language that continues to be spoken by a small percentage of the natives.
	www.indians.org /articles/cree-indians.html (309 words)

	Disputing the Medicine Line
		Indian Affairs officials charged that Poundmaker was exciting sedition; they feared that he and Big Bear planned the gathering in order to "wring large inducements from the government" and secure improved treaty terms.
		Indian agent Cecil Denny reported that after the army evicted them from Montana, various chiefs sent runners to Fort Walsh stating they were out of ammunition and therefore unable to continue hunting.
		The Crees cached the remainder in the hills near the fort and refused to give them up, saying they were needed to offset the killing of their three companions.
	www.visitmt.org /history/Montana_the_Magazine_of_Western_History/Winter02/medicineline.htm (8585 words)

	BBC News \| AMERICAS \| Dam deal divides Quebec Indians
		Since then, the Cree have fought constant legal battles to get compensation for the flooding of thousands of acres of pristine sub-Arctic forests and to block proposed new projects.
		Nearly all 12,000 Quebec Cree have now given up their nomadic way of life and are living in settled communities.
		Many of the Cree opposed to the agreement feel their leaders have not done enough to try to preserve traditional ways of life.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/1956855.stm (831 words)

	The Dartmouth Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cree representatives now have gone "back on the road" to fight the company's new interest in native lands, according to Diane Reid, president of the James Bay Cree Cultural Education Center.
		She said that while the community of Cree and Inuit Indians living together in northern Quebec for the most part seem to have given up their old, traditional way of life, this new lifestyle is simply a result of the people's relocation.
		The Cree, she said, must be able to navigate the river which is now to be diverted.
	www.thedartmouth.com /article.php?aid=1997101501010 (766 words)

	Adhesion By Cree Indians - Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		And Her Majesty the Queen, by Her representative, the Honourable David Laird, Indian Superintendent of the North-west Territories, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Chief and his Band.
		And Her Majesty the Queen, by Her representative, the Honourable David Laird, Indian Superintendent of the North-west Territories, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Chiefs and their Bands.
		To have and to hold the same unto and for the use of Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors forever.
	www.ainc-inac.gc.ca /pr/trts/trty6/cree_e.html (363 words)

	Cree Language and the Cree Indian Tribe (Iyiniwok, Eenou, Eeyou, Iynu, Kenistenoag)
		All five Cree dialects (though not Atikamekw or the Innu languages) are written in a unique syllabary which uses shapes to represent consonants and rotates them in the Four Directions to represent vowels.
		Though many Cree regard the Metis as Cree brethren--and, indeed, though many registered Cree Indians are also mixed-blood--the Metis have a unique culture and their own creole tongue (known as Michif).
		Since Canadian nationhood, the Cree people have faced the same problems of self-determination and land control that every aboriginal group has, but they remain better-equipped to face them than most, and the Cree language is one of the few North American languages sure of surviving into the next century.
	www.native-languages.org /cree.htm (874 words)

	Plains Cree
		The Plains Crees were buffalo-hunting people whose range was almost entirely in Canada, north of the Assiniboins and the Sioux.
		The Crees were important trading partners with the French and later the British in Canada.
		Only two Indians visited us today owing to a dance at the village last night in concluding a ceremony of adoption, and interchange of property, between the Assiniboins, and the nations of this neighborhood.
	www.nps.gov /jeff/LewisClark2/TheJourney/NativeAmericans/PlainsCree.htm (361 words)

	Essays.cc - Cree Indians
		The Cree Indians later lost many of their tribe in the 1776 break out of small pox, battles with the Sioux, and a defeat to the Blackfeet in 1870.
		Recently eight Cree communities lands and traditional way of life were threatened in 1971 by the construction of the James Bay hydroelectric development project It has been contested because of Native rights, mercury pollution, loss of wildlife habitat, and other form of cultural and environmental disruption.
		The Cree Indians are a very diverse cultural group of people who have true meaning in all aspects of their life.
	www.essays.cc /free_essays/a1/lpf116.shtml (3133 words)

	Native Americans: Cree History and Culture
		As a complement to our Cree language information, we would like to share our collection of indexed links about the Cree people and various aspects of their society.
		Cree history is interesting and important, but the Cree are still here today, too, and we try to feature modern writers as well as traditional folklore, contemporary art as well as museum pieces, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday.
		A variety of articles and historic photographs on the Sekani, Beaver, and Cree Indians of the Rocky Mountain trench.
	www.native-languages.org /cree_culture.htm (697 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cree
		Their dead were buried in the ground under a mound of stones, instead of being placed upon scaffolds or in the branches of trees, as was done by the Sioux and others.
		The earliest missionaries in the Cree country were the French Jesuits, who accompanied the commander Verendrye in his explorations of the Saskatchewan and Missouri River region from 1731 to 1742.
		Of the whole number of Cree officially reported as Christian the majority are Catholic and rank high in morality.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04477a.htm (963 words)

	HYDRO-QUEBEC AND THE CREE CASE STUDY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Cree Indians, who have lived for thousands of years in what is now Northern Quebec, were threatened in the early 1990’s by a massive, dam project by the Canadian power company, Hydro-Quebec.
		The Cree, on the other hand, vehemently opposed secession, and issued statements declaring their desire to remain part of Canada.
		The Cree then gained additional support from the United Nations’ Commission on Human Rights, which declared that aboriginal people should have a veto over industrial developments in their native areas.
	faculty.virginia.edu /ejus/Hydro.htm (491 words)

	[No title]
		The jurisdiction of the Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana, shall extend to the territory within the Rocky Boy's Reservation as established by act of September 7, 1916 (39 Stat.
		Tribal lands not assigned as selections may be used in common for grazing purposes by all members in accordance with ordinances or resolutions enacted by the Business Committee, or may be leased by the Business Committee with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior in accordance with law.
		All rules and regulations heretofore promulgated by the Interior Department or by the Office of Indian Affairs, so far as they may be incompatible with any of the provisions of the said Constitution or Bylaws are hereby declared inapplicable to the Chippewa Cree Tribe of Rocky Boy's Reservation.
	thorpe.ou.edu /IRA/creecons.html (2853 words)

	Ethnographic Portraits: The Crees of Northern Québec (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		What follows is brief commentary about the Crees living on the eastern most edge of the James Bay drainage system in the mid-1960s; followed by a gallery of photographs taken by Paul Conklin.
		In an effort to encourage this process, the Indian Affairs Branch of the Canadian government set up vocational training programs in schools and towns; promoted new programs of community development and local self-government; and supported the construction of contemporary log houses for those Crees wishing to remain on their reserve land.
		For the Crees, on the other hand, there was a growing recognition that the future lay not just in government programs, but in receiving official acceptance of their aboriginal and present rights as a people.
	www.lib.uconn.edu /ArcticCircle/CulturalViability/Cree/creeexhibit.html (1645 words)

	"); NewWindow.document.write (theName); NewWindow.document.write (" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the summer of 1972 I visited Fort George, a Cree village on the east side of James Bay in northern sub-arctic Quebec, upon the invitation of the Quebec Metis Association to document the half-breed inhabitants who were fighting to receive goverment recognition of their Indian status.
		The documentary was produced in response to the political circumstances of the Cree taking legal action against the James Bay Hydro Electric Corporation, whose project consisted in creating one of North America’s largest hydro-electric dam systems blocking the main rivers in the area.
		With 30 years’ having gone by, the James Bay communities have changed and this material may be ready for historical reevaluation, to be annotated by the educators and cultural workers of the James Bay communities.
	www.mat.ucsb.edu /~g.legrady/glWeb/Projects/jb/james_bay.html (528 words)

	Ojibwe
		Marie Band of Chippewa Indians, Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse of Chippewa Indians, Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of Lac Vieux Desert of Chippewa Indians, Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians, Sault Ste.
		Allied with the Cree and Assiniboine, the Ojibwe at the same time advanced west from Thunder Bay up the Rainey River portage dislodging the Dakota from what is now the border of Minnesota and Ontario.
		To Private O. Burchard: "For distinguished bravery in action against hostile Indians for action during the uprising of Chippewa Indians on Leech Lake, northern Minnesota." A soldier got the medal, but as was the case with almost every enemy they had ever faced, the Ojibwe had won the battle.
	www.tolatsga.org /ojib.html (16124 words)

	BBC News \| AMERICAS \| Quebec Indians agree dam deal
		The Cree seem to have accepted the deal after the threat of the largely French-speaking province gaining independence from Canada - a development the Indians oppose - appeared to recede.
		The Indians had been waging legal action for decades, complaining that a 1975 agreement to build the massive James Bay complex of hydro-electric dams in the north was unfair.
		The Cree have long been wary of Quebec separatism, but the province's prime minister, Bernard Landry, recently indicated that he would not hold another referendum on the issue in the near future.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/1616574.stm (404 words)

	Treaties 1 and 2 Between Her Majesty The Queen and the Chippewa and Cree Indians of Manitoba and Country Adjacent with ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		And with a view to show the satisfaction of Her Majesty with the behaviour and good conduct of Her Indians parties to this treaty, She hereby, through Her Commissioner, makes them a present of three dollars for each Indian man, woman and child belonging to the bands here represented.
		These animals and their issue to be Government property, but to be allowed for the use of the Indians, under the superintendence and control of the Indian Commissioner.
		And the undersigned Chiefs, on their own behalf and on behalf of all other Indians inhabiting the tract within ceded, do hereby solemnly promise and engage to strictly observe this treaty, and also to conduct and behave themselves as good and loyal subjects of Her Majesty the Queen.
	www.ainc-inac.gc.ca /pr/trts/trty1-2_e.html (940 words)

	Cree Indians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Early in their history they became closely associated with the Assiniboin, a Sioux tribe which had broken away from their family group.
		The Cree were friendly with the white man from their first meetings with the English and the French.
		They had a ceremonial pipe which the whites called a "medicine pipe." The Cree believed that this pipe guarded the welfare of their people.
	members.tripod.com /pambies/cree.html (140 words)

	Thanadelthur
		The presence of the Chipewyan Indians to the north was known to the English, however, these Indians were prevented from trading directly by the Cree Indians who sought to preserve their position in the fur trade as middlemen.
		Knight was immediately impressed with the young woman and the knowledge she brought of the Chipewyan people and the abundant fur resources of her people.
		With the aid of the Cree Chief, she again assured her people that their party had nothing to do with the recent raid, and that the Cree were most anxious for peace.
	home.att.net /~mman/Thanadelthur.htm (1037 words)

	Updates Apr.-July 2000 - hydroelectric dams destroying Manitoba Cree rivers
		The Indians' homes are gone, their lands are gone and they have had to abandon traditional lifestyles, Steffen said.
		Split Lake Crees seem to express intense interest in getting dam-building jobs from Manitoba Hydro and are asking the Cross Lake Crees to give up their treaty rights--to simply accept a one-time cash settlement from Manitoba Hydro as they did.
		The Crees testified to the Commissioners in November 1999.
	www.alphacdc.com /treaty/hydro_2000-4-7.html (8466 words)

	Amazon.com: North Spirit: Sojourns Among the Cree and Ojibway: Books: Paulette Jiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		She describes it as "a book of creative nonfiction" in which some of the events, times, and places have been rearranged for literary purposes but all the incidents are true.
		Throughout her travels among the Cree and Ojibway, she seeks out elders-the older, respected members of each small village-to learn more of the traditions and mythology that are rapidly disappearing in the wake of technological progress.
		I love the fact that she can poke fun at herself learning to be a white Indian, as seen through the eyes of her Ojibway and Cree friends and co-workers who help her to help herself in the new environment.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1886913099?v=glance (1469 words)

	Amazon.com: Canoeing with the Cree: Books: Eric Sevareid,Ann Bancroft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Indian Creek Chronicles: A Winter Alone in the Wilderness by Pete Fromm
		First published in 1935, Canoeing with the Cree is Sevareid's classic account of this youthful odyssey.
		They encounter Indians and some very nice people, and this makes their trip much easier even though they really struggle through all those miles.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0873515331?v=glance (1486 words)

	Cree Indians - Agreements Database People
		The name ‘Cree’ is said to derive from the French name for the tribe, ‘Kristenaux’ which is thought to be a corruption of the French word for ‘Christian’ or an Algonquian word for ‘first people’.
		Sources used to compile this entry: Native Languages of the Americas, 'Cree': http://www.native-languages.org/cree.htm (at 6 June 2004).
		Agreement Concerning a New Relationship Between the Government of Quebec and the Crees of Quebec (7 February 2002)
	www.atns.net.au /biogs/A001592b.htm (229 words)

	Amazon.ca: Wesakejack and the Flood: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Cree and English texts are placed side by side throughout.
		Two Cree legends presented bilingually in English and Cree, these picture books are illustrated in full color.
		Wesakejack and the Bear is an enduring tale full of laughing bears and slippery fish as Wesakejack tries to catch fish with his bare hands.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0921368453 (416 words)

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