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Topic: Cree language

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Algic languages

Cree syllabary

Siouan languages

Native American languages

Western Cree syllabics

Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics

Chipewyan language

Language families and languages

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Cree

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Iroquoian languages

Inuvialuktun

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	Cree - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Their Cree language is an Algonquian language, and was once the most widely spoken in northern North America.
		Skilled buffalo hunters and horsemen, the Cree were allied to the Assiniboine of the Sioux before encountering English and French settlers in the sixteenth century.
		Presently the remaining Cree in the United States live with the Assiniboine in Montana on the Fort Belknap Agency and Reservation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cree (432 words)

	Cree language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador.
		Both the Cree syllabary and a romanized orthography are used for writing.
		Cree is an official language of the Northwest Territories.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/c/cr/cree_language.html (263 words)

	White Dove's Native American Indian Site Cree Language
		Most Cree dialects have only ten distinct consonants: p, t, k, and c which varies in pronunciation from ts as in cats to (t)ch as in catch; s and h; m and n; and w and y.
		Cree has two distinct forms: the inclusive kîyânaw, "we (but not you)." In the second person Cree has two separate pronouns: kîyâ, "you (singular)," and kîyâwâw, "you (plural)." Some speakers of English similarly contrast you (singular) and youse or you-all (plural).
		Some schools have introduced Cree language programs, but typically only a few hours a week are devoted to Cree; the rest of the time the children hear and speak English at school, and at home they watch English-language television.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/cree-language.html (523 words)

	The Cree Language
		I chose to research the Cree language family because I am interested in the means by which this group has managed to preserve its language and identity.
		She argues that the Cree children "view scientific knowledge itself as being a body of knowledge that one must find" and that therefore, to them, it is only necessary to validate scientific findings on a personal level.
		The specialized narrative form that is a signature of the Cree language (including the use of a fourth person) indicates to me that the Cree view of the world is one that cannot exclude the speaker, which traditional Western science encourages.
	www.unh.edu /linguistics/courses/790CS/annotations/HW2/Cree.Brian.HW2.htm (1097 words)

	Native Language for Every Subject: Cree Language of Instruction Project
		In a study of census figures on Aboriginal language in Canada in 1986, Burnaby and Beaujot found that Aboriginal people in northern Quebec were maintaining their Aboriginal languages as home languages and passing them on to their children at a higher rate than anywhere else in the country, including Labrador and the Territories.
		Within the Cree authority, the Cree School Board was formed in 1978, basically as a regular provincial school board, but released from a number of provincial regulations to permit, among other things, the use of Cree as a medium of instruction in schools (Tanner, 1981).
		Cree was sometimes used in Kindergartens; literacy in Cree was taught as a subject; and Cree was the medium of some subjects such as traditional skills, religion, and physical education.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/Burnaby.html (4112 words)

	A Native American Son
		Cree is written in a unique syllabary which uses shapes to represent consonants and rotates them in the Four Directions to represent vowels.
		Cree history is very hard to synopsize because the Cree span such a broad territory, from the Rocky Mountains all the way to the Atlantic Ocean.
		Since Canadian nationhood, the Cree have faced the same problems of self-determination and land control that every aboriginal group does, but they remain better-equipped to face them than most, and the Cree language is one of the few North American indigenous languages that is assured of surviving into the next century.
	www.kuhmann.com /Cree (1366 words)

	Linguistics Language Program - LING 19
		Cree is written in a unique syllabary (each character represents a syllable) which uses shapes to represent consonants and rotates them in the Four Directions to represent vowels.
		The Cree, who had held a similar attitude towards colonization before the French ever got there, engulfed back, and the result was a more harmonious co-existence of French, Cree and mixed (Metis) populations.
		Since Canadian nationhood, the Cree have faced the same problems of self-determination and land control that every aboriginal group does, but they remain better-equipped to face them than most, and the Cree language is one of the few North American languages which is assured of surviving into the next century.
	ling.ucsd.edu /courses/ling19/ling19langdis/cree.htm (249 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Spoken Cree Level II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cree, a member of the Algonquian family of languages, is nationally recognized as the most widely spoken Canadian native language.
		The newly revised Spoken Cree, Level II explores the spoken and written language in the cultural context of a Northern Cree village.
		Spoken Cree, Level II is the intermediate volume of a three-level Cree language course.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0888643969 (335 words)

	The Cree Language
		Cree is the most widely spoken Native language in Canada.
		It is not so much a language, as a chain of dialects, where speakers from one community can very easily understand their neighbours, but a Plains Cree speaker from Alberta would find a Québec Cree speaker difficult to speak to without practice.
		Is the language spoken in Waswanipi: Cree or Innu (Montagnais)?
	www.languagegeek.com /algon/cree/nehiyawewin.html (851 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cree
		The earliest missionaries in the Cree country were the French Jesuits, who accompanied the commander Verendrye in his explorations of the Saskatchewan and Missouri River region from 1731 to 1742.
		The most distinguished Protestant worker was the Wesleyan Rev. James Evan (1840-1861), inventor of the Cree syllabary, which for half a century has been in successful use in the tribe for literary purposes for all denominations.
		Of the whole number of Cree officially reported as Christian the majority are Catholic and rank high in morality.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04477a.htm (984 words)

	CPRC Publications Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Included are words and expressions found in children's stories, language teaching texts, grammars and reference books of all levels, and in stories from the sacred to the profane; from the legends of wîsahkêcâhk to historical accounts by those who lived the history; from lectures on proper behaviour to humorous accounts of the opposite.
		Given the extensive word formation rules of the Cree language, many of the Cree entries must be translated by entire sentences in English.
		In particular, gratitude is extended to the members of the Cree Language Retention Committee's Cree Editing Council, a group of Cree Elders and professionals in the field of education, including curriculum designers and language instructors from Kindergarten to University level.
	www.cprc.ca /creeengdic.html (282 words)

	Cree: Language of the Plains/nehiyawewin: paskwawi-pikiskwewin by Karem Rice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cree: Language of the Plains/nehiyawewin: paskwawi-pikiskwewin by Karem Rice
		My disappointment about this book, and other works on Cree, is that they are very structurally oriented; structure is important, but I would like to see a breakthrough in terms of careful exploration of the semantics of the verb and its morphemes.
		The authors reveal that they present `only a brief glimpse of the Cree language,' and caution that to access the `rich and vivid colloquial and idiomatic nature of Cree' a Cree-speaking community is needed.
	www.utpjournals.com /product/utq/701/cree12.html (719 words)

	Cree Language and the Cree Indian Tribe (Iyiniwok, Eenou, Eeyou, Iynu, Kenistenoag)
		All five Cree dialects (though not Atikamekw or the Innu languages) are written in a unique syllabary which uses shapes to represent consonants and rotates them in the Four Directions to represent vowels.
		Though many Cree regard the Metis as Cree brethren--and, indeed, though many registered Cree Indians are also mixed-blood--the Metis have a unique culture and their own creole tongue (known as Michif).
		Since Canadian nationhood, the Cree people have faced the same problems of self-determination and land control that every aboriginal group has, but they remain better-equipped to face them than most, and the Cree language is one of the few North American languages likely to survive into the next century.
	www.native-languages.org /cree.htm (849 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Cree Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Cree language (in Plains Cree, nêhiyawêwin) is spoken by about fifty thousand people in six Canadian provinces and territories and in the state of Montana.
		Cree has two distinct forms: the inclusive kîyânaw, "we (you and I)," and the exclusive nîyanân, "we (but not you)." In the second person Cree has two separate pronouns: kîya, "you (singular)," and kîyawâw, "you (plural)." Some speakers of English similarly contrast you (singular) and youse or you-all (plural).
		However, in the more remote communities at least, there are still children learning Cree as their mother tongue, so it is likely to survive as a spoken language for the foreseeable future.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_009200_creelanguage.htm (617 words)

	Comparing Cree, Hualapai, Maori, and Hawaiian Language Programs
		First, the indigenous language can be categorized as in Stage 6 using Fishman's (1991) graded intergenerational disruption scale for threatened languages or in Stage 3 using Schmidt's (1990) scale--the language is no longer transmitted to the younger generation (in the home or in the community).
		A Cree syllabic had been developed over a hundred years ago, however in 1973 neither Cree language materials for education purposes existed nor did the Cree population read or write in Cree.
		Georgetown University Roundtable on language and linguistics, 1987.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/TIL_21.html (6292 words)

	Cree syllabary
		After encountering difficulties with using the Latin alphabet, he dug out his Ojibwe syllabary and adapted it to the Cree language.
		According to Cree tradition, Evans adapted an existing script which was invented at an earlier date, possibly by a member of the Blackfoot nation.
		Dialects include: Moose Cree, which is spoken in the southern tip of James Bay in Moosonee, Ontario, and Swampy Cree, which is spoken northwestward across Ontario into north-eastern Manitoba.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/cree.htm (554 words)

	Cree - Language Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The phrase book is a compilation of materials from the course "Introduction to the Cree Language" developed in the IMPACTE programme at Brandon University and first taught in the winter of 1972.
		A unique kind of creole of Cree and Canadian French, called Michif, is spoken by some Canadian Métis.
		East Cree Language Web - A resource for Cree language teachers, literacy instructors, translators, linguists, and anyone who has an interest in the nuts and bolts of the Cree language.
	www.geocities.com /language_directory/languages/cree.htm (328 words)

	The Cree
		Before the arrival of the Europeans, the Cree had long ago mastered the complex technology needed to survive in a wooded and hostile climate that was frozen solid almost ten months of every year.
		The "N" or "Swampy" Cree is spoken at Shoal Lake, Red Earth, Pelican Narrows, Cumberland House and Waterhen Lake on the West side of the province.
		The Cree readily accepted European religions because they quickly observed that it was just a simpler form of their own traditional world of spirituality.
	www.ftlcomm.com /ensign/ensign2/humanAdaptations/skEnthnicity/cree.html (718 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Spoken Cree, Level I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cree, a member of the Algonquin family of languages, is the most widely spoken native language in Canada.
		Although there are different dialects, Cree is recognizably the same language whether on the western plains, in the northern woodlands or on the shores of James Bay.
		Spoken Cree, Level I is the introductory volume of a newly revised three-level Cree language course.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0888643470 (464 words)

	Learn Cree - Cree Books, Courses, and Software
		Presented in an "as told by" format, these stories are conversational and humorous in their recollections of tribal folklore and fables.
		The written Cree corresponds to three different variants of the Northern Cree dialects, with English translations on facing pages.
		A fascinating read for speakers of either language, especially those interested in the narratives of this region, or for speakers or students of Cree who want to expand upon their understanding of the written language.
	www.101language.com /cree.html (332 words)

	Ethnographic Portraits: The Crees of Northern Québec
		What follows is brief commentary about the Crees living on the eastern most edge of the James Bay drainage system in the mid-1960s; followed by a gallery of photographs taken by Paul Conklin.
		For the Crees, on the other hand, there was a growing recognition that the future lay not just in government programs, but in receiving official acceptance of their aboriginal and present rights as a people.
		Here, instructed by teachers speaking a strange and initially incomprehensible language, living in large dormitories, and eating different foods, the children spent nine months of the year.Teachers knew little of their student's background and saw their major task as preparing them for life in a modern town or city.
	arcticcircle.uconn.edu /HistoryCulture/Cree/creeexhibit.html (1645 words)

	Cree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Cree lived across the north into the Canadian prairies and in Montana, the Dakotas and Minnesota.
		The wars with the Blackfoot and the Sioux were leading causes, as was small pox, to the dwindling numbers of the Cree population.
		The Cree are the largest Indian tribe in Canada with most of the members living on reservations in Canada.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/cree.html (489 words)

	How we think - Sametz Blackstone Associates
		There he learned the language of the indigenous people, the Ojibwa (also known as Chippewa), and by 1830 he preached sermons in their native language.
		During an era when most indigenous populations were destroyed or assimilated, their cultures suppressed or marginalized, Evan's written system for the Cree language invigorated its native-speaking population, helping them to preserve their heritage.
		Not all English words can be spelled with Cree symbols; for example, the "v" sound (as in "vivid") is not a part of the Cree language.
	www.sametz.com /html/how/articles/invigorate.shtml (602 words)

	Cree Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Cree mailing list has had a lot of discussion lately about the recovery of sacred objects, and how to appropriately deal with them.
		Cree Families - information for Cree people searching for their families.
		Various contributions have been made by participants in the Cree mailing list, as well as by Rick Harp and Erin McDermott.
	www.nisto.com /cree (140 words)

	CPRC Publications Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cree, Language of the Plains explores some of the intricate grammatical features of a language spoken by a nation which extends from Quebec to Alberta.
		Cree, Language of the Plains contains an appropriate balance of both language learning and language acquisition activities.
		Canadian Plains Research Center is pleased to reprint this seventh, corrected edition of Cree, Language of the Plains (1992) in conjunction with the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College, University of Regina, an edition which has more information on Cree vocabulary, morphology, and syntax, as well as additional exercises.
	www.cprc.ca /8_4.html (216 words)

	TRIBAL CULTURAL AND LANGUAGE GROUPINGS
		Cree (Northern Quebec-Rockies), Ojibwa (Southern Ontario-Saskatchewan), Mi'kmaq and Maleceet, Passamaquoddy (Maritimes), Plains such as Blackfoot (Alberta), Ottawa (north shore of Georgian Bay, Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island) and Potawatomi (lower Lake Michigan).
		Inuktitut is the single spoken language across the Canadian Arctic and Greenland.
		Consists of a single language, Dakota (Lakota), spoken in the southern portions of the three prairie provinces (and the Plains of the United States).
	www.shannonthunderbird.com /tribal_cultural_and_language_gro.htm (630 words)

	languages
		Course content and goals include the following: promoting an awareness and value of the history of Native languages, to advance and expand student's knowledge in the use of the sound system of the Cree language and to develop communication skills in the areas of listening, speaking, writing and reading of the Cree language.
		Students enrolled in Cree 20 should have a basic knowledge of the Plains Cree Language.
		Therefore, the Cree 30 course is designed to further enhance the speaking of Cree.
	schools.sbe.saskatoon.sk.ca /mount/Subject/languages.htm (625 words)

	Michif Language and the Metis People (Mitchif, MÃ©tis Creole, French Cree)
		Language:: About 500 Metis people in North Dakota and scattered locations in Canada still speak Michif, a unique French-Cree creole using French nouns, Cree verbs, and some local vocabulary borrowed from Indian languages like Ojibway or Dene.
		It's likely that Michif originated, not as a pidgin between Crees and Frenchmen trying to communicate with each other, but as a badge of identity and occasionally-necessary secret code among Metis raised in both languages (similar to Yiddish in Europe).
		Children are no longer learning Michif, leading linguists to class the language as "moribund" (headed for extinction), but there have been efforts to revive its use as a cultural language in some Metis communities.
	www.native-languages.org /michif.htm (590 words)

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