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Topic: The Creek War

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	Creek War -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It is sometimes considered to be part of (A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France) War of 1812.
		This civil war would ultimately lead to a Red Stick attack by Creeks under Chief Red Eagle on Fort Mims, near (A port in southwestern Alabama on Mobile Bay) Mobile on August 30, 1813 which left 247 dead and spread panic throughout the American southwestern frontier.
		Mayfield served perilous duties admirably under Jackson, and was later honored by the Creeks themselves for his integrity during negotiations of the treaty of surrender.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cr/creek_war.htm (907 words)

	Horseshoe Bend - Creek War
		Creek leaders such as William Weatherford (Red Eagle), Peter McQueen, and Menawa violently clashed with other chiefs of the Creek Nation over white encroachment on Creek lands and the civilizing programs administered by U.S. Indian Agent Benjamin Hawkins.
		This civil war would ultimately lead to a Red Stick attack on Fort Mims, near Mobile on August 30, 1813 which left 247 dead and spread panic throughout the American southwestern frontier.
		On August 9, 1814 the Creeks were forced to sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson, which ceded 23 million acres to the United States government.
	www.nps.gov /hobe/home/creekwar.htm (815 words)

	USA Creek Indian War 1813-1814
		The Creek Indians, who had been allies of the British during the War of 1812, were angered by white encroachment on their hunting grounds in Georgia and Alabama.
		Jackson pursued the Creek, and on March 27, 1814, his 3,000-man army attacked and defeated them at that Battle of Horseshoe Bend on the Tallapoosa River in eastern Albabama.
		At the Treaty of Fort Jackson on August 9, 1814, the Creek were compelled to cede 23 million acres (half of Alabama and part of southern Georgia) to the whites.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/cite/creek1813.htm (162 words)

	Chattahoochee War (part I) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Governor Clay of Alabama claimed all the Creek land as part of the state, and said that the settlers should be free to move in.
		It was feared that the war with the Creeks would be worse than with the Seminoles in Florida.
		In September 1836, 759 Creeks were recruited by the United States Army to become Indian scouts and mediators against the Seminoles in an attempt to end the war in Florida.
	www.tfn.net /SeminoleWar/2crekwar1.htm (2653 words)

	Today in History: August 9
		The war began on August 30, 1813, when a faction of Creeks known as the Red Sticks attacked a contingent of 553 American settlers at Lake Tensaw, Alabama, north of Mobile.
		On March 27, 1814, Jackson's forces destroyed the Creek defenses at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
		During the years preceding the Creek War, the Continental Congress received numerous reports on the status of Indian affairs in the South.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/aug09.html (446 words)

	Creek Indian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Creeks who lived mainly in Alabama and Georgia were alarmed by encroachments on their lands and were convinced by Tecumseh, the Shawnee chief, to unite with many other tribes against the settlers.
		The Creek War (1813-1814) ended as General Andrew Jackson defeated the Creeks under Chief Weatherford at the decisive battle of Horseshoe Bend, Alabama, where nearly 900 of 1000 Indians were killed.
		The Creeks were fought with British troops against the Americans in the War of 1812.
	www.usahistory.com /wars/creek.htm (189 words)

	The War of 1812: The Creeks
		Ultimately, it would be the Creeks' divergent approaches to dealing with this pressure that would cause a division in the confederacy lead to the Creek civil war that erupted in 1813.
		The name is derived from the Creek tradition of using a bundle of sticks to count down the days until an event occurs; if the sticks are dyed red, that event is war.
		This action led to a gathering of the Creek National Council which was dominated by the influential chiefs of the Lower Creeks.
	www.galafilm.com /1812/e/people/creeks.html (476 words)

	A brief biography of Andrew Jackson 1767 - 1845 - 6
		In August 30, 1813 a faction of the Creek Indian Nation called the Red Sticks under Red Eagle, slew nearly 250 Alabama settlers in a brutal manner, resulting in the calling out of two 2,500 man forces, one under Jackson to punish and stop the Indians.
		The creek war led to Jackson's recognition by Madison's administration as a Major General in the U.S. army, in command of the Seventh Military District, a very big step up from being a state militia Major General.
		He was a very competent, extraordinarily driving and decisive general in a war characterized, on the American side, mostly by incompetence and paralysis.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/P/aj7/about/bio/jack06.htm (500 words)

	Creek War, 1813-14, (U.S.A.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		War between the Creek Indians and the U.S.A. The Creek were encouraged by the British as part of the War of 1812.
		In February 1815 Jackson again took to the field, with a new force of volunters, strengthened by a small contingent of regular troops, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Creek at Horseshoe Bend (27 March 1814).
		The Creek were forced to sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson (9 August 1814), surrendering most of their tribal lands, while Jackson was promoted to major general in the regular army.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/wars_creek.html (163 words)

	AllRefer.com - Creek (North American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Creek received their name from early white traders because so many of their villages were located at rivers and creeks.
		The Creek Confederacy was not ruled by a permanent central government.
		They were hostile to the Spanish and therefore friendly to the British in colonial days, but, frightened by white encroachment and fired by the teachings of the Shawnee chief Tecumseh, they rebelled in the Creek War of 1813–14.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Creek.html (504 words)

	The Creek War 1813-1814
		The Creek War of 1813 and 1814 is remarkable from the fact that all the branches of what ethnologists style the Choctaw-Muscogee stock of Indians were involved therein and took a part, on one side or the other, of that bloody conflict.
		It was considered at first, a war upon the whites; it became, at length, and mainly, a war, almost of extermination, against the Indians.
		"In treating of the causes and conduct of a war, maintained by a savage against a civilized nation, we are aware that the greatest caution ought to be observed, lest an undue degree of moral or physical superiority be ascribed to the latter.
	www.marciesalaskaweb.com /creekwar.htm (10141 words)

	Alabama Archives: Teacher Packet
		This division led to the Creek War of 1813-14, which was a part of the War of 1812.
		The "friendly" Creeks were often of mixed heritage due to decades of intermarriage between the Indians and Europeans.
		The Creek War ended in 1814 when the Creeks were forced to sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson, ceding some forty thousand square miles of land to the United States.
	www.archives.state.al.us /teacher/creekwar/creek.html (923 words)

	The Creek War, 1836-1840 (part II) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In February and March 1837, Creek warriors were defeated at Hobdy's Bridge and along the Pea River in south Alabama, ending the hostilities in the Second Creek War.
		One Creek raiding party attacked a homestead in Gadsden County and killed all the family except the daughter, who was left for dead.
		These settlers found signs of the Creek warriors in the area, and the next morning were attacked, with three settlers killed and two who escaped in a nearby stream.
	www.tfn.net /SeminoleWar/2crekwar2.htm (1727 words)

	Stevens Creek Press - War Orphan in San Francisco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		War Orphan in San Francisco is a coming-of-age story and a poignant memoir.
		Her parents tried desperately to join her, but were stopped by incredible red tape and war hysteria.
		The moods, hope, fears, and accomplishments are all recounted in the details of the letters, thereby authenticating one family’s experiences during World War II, and the love that sustained hopes of a reunion.
	www.stevenscreekpress.com (487 words)

	Creek Indian Researcher - records and links
		//--> • 1860 Census and 1867 Census of the 1832 Creek Orphans
		Map of the Creek War in Southern Alabama.
		The Creek War of 1836 on the Chattahoochie River.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~texlance/main.htm (1339 words)

	War of 1812
		On August 1, 1814 a general convention of the chiefs of the entire Creek Nation occurred with General Andrew Jackson to hear the final terms of the surrender and end of the Creek War.
		During the Creek War was occupied by settlers.
		In 1815 when the British withdrew from the area, the fort, including its artillery and military supplies, were given to the many fls and a few Indians that had moved into it, seeking the protection it offered and cultivating successful and profitable plantations around it.
	home.bak.rr.com /simpsoncounty/war1812forts.htm (2055 words)

	Visit the Rocky Creek War Memorial Park
		Approximately 60,000 Australian soldiers were treated for war related conditions at these hospitals, by a caring and efficient staff of approximately 2,000.
		The Atherton Shire Council is the custodians of the crown land and the park has been developed in an association between the Council and the Rocky Creek War Memorial Park Committee.
		The park is maintained by Atherton Shire Council with local resident, Tim Foley the “Mayor of Rocky Creek” being the voluntary park curator.
	www.athertonsc.qld.gov.au /rocky_creek_war_memorial_park.htm (669 words)

	ADAH: Alabama Moments (War of 1812 & Creek War, 1813-14--Bibliography)
		The question of what caused the Creek conflict, whether it was a civil war brought on by factionalism between Lower Creeks and Upper Creeks, is debated.
		He compares their revolt against the Americans in the Creek War with struggles of other native Americans to retain their traditions.
		He elaborates on familiar topics such as trade, relations with European powers and the U.S. government, the Creek Wars with Andrew Jackson and his pursuit of the survivors into Florida, and finally removal, dispersal, and survival.
	www.alabamamoments.state.al.us /sec04bib.html (404 words)

	1836 Creek Indian War
		Tension builds as visitors await and imminent Indian attack during Westville's recreation of the Creek War period of 1836 in Southwest Georgia.
		The Saturday re-enactment is based on historical accounts of an Indian assault on the village of Roanoke in Stewart County --located on the Chattahoochee River only a few miles west of Westville.
		Sunday's skirmish portrays the Battle of Shephard's plantation, at which the 45th Regimen of the Georgia militia left their home in Gwinnett County, GA to defend local settlers against Indian raids.
	www.westville.org /1836creekindianwar.htm (198 words)

	War Eagle Creek: AR 23 to AR 45
		War Eagle Creek rises just east of Boston, Arkansas, and flows northwest to Beaver Lake.
		War Eagle Creek is class II, with the exception of the upper reaches in the Ozark National Forest, which can approach class III at high water.
		Hardwood forests line the banks along the creek’s upper sections, and the forests alternate with farmland in the lower sections.
	www.trails.com /tcatalog_trail.asp?AffID=mz01&TrailID=CGM011-038 (158 words)

	War of 1812
		The War of 1812 was a defining period in the early history of Tennessee.
		For years the Creeks (or Muskogees as they are sometimes called) had been subjects of a government plan to "civilize" the southeastern tribes through the introduction of new economic and political institutions.
		While many Creeks adopted this stance, there were many that felt that opposition to white society would lead to disaster and, hence, this faction was labeled pro-white by the followers of the nativist movement.
	www.tcarden.com /tree/ensor/1812.htm (3228 words)

	Creek Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		On August 30, 1813, a strong force of Creeks attacked and destroyed Fort Mims, an American post on the Alabama River, north of Mobile.
		Floyd, who later became a U.S. congressman, was ordered to establish several forts and to destroy all the Creek villages and their crops in his line of march.
		Thirteen hundred Creek warriors mounted a surprise attack against the encamped army on the banks of Calabee Creek on January 27, 1814.
	www.petersnn.org /creek_wars.htm (1353 words)

	The Destruction of Muskogee Autonomy Before the Creek War
		During wars, the administration of the Nation was transferred to the red towns for the duration of the war and then transferred back to the white towns in peacetime.
		The attempt of Alexander McGillivray to unite the Creeks into a centralized force at the end of the eighteenth century was counter to the traditional government and worldview of the Creeks, or Muskogees.
		Although the Creek War was considered on of the bloodiest Indian wars in American history, its outcome was forgone.
	www.loyno.edu /~history/journal/1999-2000/Oliver.htm (5561 words)

	creek indians social studies
		___"By a treaty of March 24, 1832, the Creek Indians ceded to the United States all of their land east of the Mississippi River.
		In 1833 Benjamin S. Parsons and Thomas J. Abbott prepared a census of Creek Indian heads of families, which gave their names and the number of males, females, and slaves in each family.
		"...a Muscogee (Creek) man who volunteered, or was assigned, as a Warrior from a Red Town." The story of the Red Sticks begins centuries ago and the Society is still viable today, albeit with less warlike connotations as existed in the War of 1812.
	www.archaeolink.com /creek_indians_social_studies.htm (395 words)

	Creek indians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Poarch Band of Creek Indians have lived together for nearly 150 years; Creek Indians, and is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.
		The Poarch Band of Creek Indians is a segment of the original Creek Nation that avoided the 1836 removal of southeastern Indians to Oklahoma.
		The Creek Indians were a confederation of tribes that belonged primarily to all members eventually came to be known collectively as Creek Indians.
	aliveinfo.com /q/creek-indians.html (1281 words)

	Welcome to Shenandoah at War - Cedar Creek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		At dawn on October 19, the Confederate Army of the Valley under Gen. Jubal Early surprised the Federal army at Cedar Creek.
		Sheridan's victory at Cedar Creek broke the back of the Confederate army and ended effective Confederate resistance in the Shenandoah Valley for the remainder of the war.
		Cedar Creek was one of the two largest battles fought in the Shenandoah Valley.
	www.shenandoahatwar.org /battlefields/c_creek_battlefield.html (293 words)

	Ancestors Of George & Hazel Mullins: Chapter 7 - The Creek War
		Summary: Encouraged by Tecumseh, the Creek Nation attempted to expel white settlers from the area north of Mobile in 1813.
		Many of the settlers in Mississippi Territory were drafted into the militia to fight the Creek Indians and to repulse the British invasion of New Orleans in 1815.
		The Creeks intended to begin a war to the death between the USA and the Indian nations.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~pmullins/chapter07.htm (1781 words)

	Legacy
		They fought the Tennessee Militia to abolish the use of convict miners by private industry during the Coal Creek War of 1891 to 1892.
		About 300 Coal Creek miners, many of them veterans of the Coal Creek War, perished in mine disasters in 1902 (Fraterville) and 1911 (Cross Mountain).
		Legislation was enacted that allowed southern states to lease convict laborers to private industry as forced labor to work in coal mines, plantations, railroads, etc. Not only did states save money by not having to build prisons, but the revenue from the convict labor force was a significant part of the budgets in southern states.
	www.coalcreekaml.com /Legacy.htm (595 words)

	Sherpa Guides \| Georgia \| Civil War \| Sweetwater Creek Area
		Georgia was one of the south's largest textile producing states, and the New Manchester Mill on Sweetwater Creek was one of the South's largest mills.
		TN Tent #4, Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War - The Tennessee Tent #4, Major Belle Reynolds, Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War, (Detached) would like to invite anyone that is of direct descent of a Union Veteran to join us in honoring our ancestors.
		Celebrity Civil War Document Network - The celebrities in the civil war were often nude but no document network as present to deliver the pictures.
	www.sherpaguides.com /georgia/civil_war/northwest/sweetwater_creek_Area.html (2159 words)

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