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Topic: Cremaster muscle

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Cremaster muscle
		In human females, the cremaster muscle is smaller and is found on the round ligament.
		In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of skeletal muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord.
		The cremaster muscle is innervated from the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve and supplied by the cremasteric artery.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Cremaster_muscle (432 words)

	Cremaster muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of skeletal muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord.
		Anatomically, the lateral cremaster muscles originates from the internal oblique muscle, just superior to the inguinal canal, and the middle of inguinal ligament.
		While the medial cremaster muscles, that sometime is absent, originates from the pubic tubercle and sometime the lateral pubic crest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cremaster_muscle (420 words)

	Cremaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In humans, the cremaster muscle is a muscle that is part of genital anatomy.
		In the pupae of certain species of butterfly, the cremaster is a hook-shaped protuberance from the rear of the chrysalis casing, by which the caterpillar fixes itself to the pad of silk it has cemented to the underside of a perch.
		The Cremaster Cycle is the name of a sequence of five films by Matthew Barney, entitled Cremaster 1 to Cremaster 5.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cremaster (158 words)

	MUSCLE AND NERVE - LoveToKnow Article on MUSCLE AND NERVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Muscles when active seem to pour into the circulation substances which, of unknown chemical composition, are physiologically recognizable by their stimulant action on the respiratory nervous centre.
		Stretching of the muscles antagonistic to the extensorsnamely, of the flexor muscles reduces the jerk by inhibiting the extensor spinal nerve cells through the nervous impulses generated by the tense flexor muscles.
		In the reptiles further differemtiation of the muscles is seen, and with the acquirement of costal respiration the external and internal, intercostals are formed by a delamination of the internal oblique itratum.
	www.1911ency.org /M/MU/MUSCLE_AND_NERVE.htm (8304 words)

	INABIS '98 - Microvascular Adaptations to Reduced Blood Flow: Introduction of a New Model
		Cremaster arterioles were classified as feeding (1A), arcading (2A), transverse (3A) and precapillary (4A) arterioles on the basis of their branching pattern.
		The cremaster muscle was perfused with vasodilators and formalin at the individual mean blood pressure of the rat.
		The thickness of the muscle was measured by focusing on the surface of the muscle and the surface of the stage and reading the difference on the calibrated fine focal adjustment scale of the microscope.
	www.mcmaster.ca /inabis98/prewitt/wang0894/three.html (970 words)

	Stunned Art : Matthew Barney Interview
		Just in case you didn’t know, the cremaster is a set of muscles in the male that raises and lowers the testes with the change in temperature outside.
		In this case, the cremaster muscle sort of expressed the male, and it also kind of controls the height of the internal reproductive system.
		Well, it’s an interesting thing that happens in the way that (the cremaster) responds to temperature or fear, and around that time I was making these pieces which dealt with temperature--walk-in refrigerators in which vaseline was cast in a particular form that was held in place by temperature.
	www.stunned.org /barney.htm (1016 words)

	cremaster muscle (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cremaster is a muscle covering the spermatic cord and testes.
		It is a derivative of the internal oblique muscle as the spermatic cord passes from the abdomen to the scrotum.
		It originates from the muscle fibres beyond the level of the deep ring of the inguinal canal.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-731185075.htm (170 words)

	EXTERNAL - Online Information article about EXTERNAL
		The spinal nerves which are distributed to the lower limbs first intercommunicate in the lumbar and sacral plexuses, which, with the perineal nerves, are sometimes spoken of together as the lumbo sacral plexus.
		The external cutaneous nerve (L.2, 3) supplies the skin of the outer side of the thigh, while the anterior crural (L.2, 3, 4) innervates the muscles on the front of the thigh, the skin on the front and inner From A. Paterson, in Cunningham's Text-Book of Anatomy.
		calf of the leg as the posterior tibial and innervates all the muscles on this, the ventral, surface.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /EUD_FAT/EXTERNAL.html (3269 words)

	Cremaster Cycle Synopsis
		Biologically, the cremaster is a muscle that raises and lowers the testicles.
		Barney uses the descension of the cremaster muscle as a symbol for the onset of male gender (which appears about nine weeks after a fetus is conceived).
		Cremaster 1 is shot at Bronco Stadium in Boise, where Barney played high school football, Cremaster 2 is set in a nuber of locations Barney visited as a boy, and Cremaster 3 takes place in New York, where Barney currently resides.
	www.cremasterfanatic.com /Synopsis.html (429 words)

	Activation of mast cells by systemic hypoxia, but not by local hypoxia, mediates increased leukocyte-endothelial ...
		Cromolyn (2 ml, 0.11 mg/ml) was topically applied on the cremaster at 10 min of the normoxic control period and immediately before the hypoxia and the normoxic recovery periods.
		Cremaster hypoxia was induced by equilibrating the cremaster with 95% N
		In all cases, the muscles were excised after 10 min of selective lowering of cremaster Pm in an untreated rat (left), in a rat treated with topical C48/80 (middle), and in a rat treated with topical cromolyn, followed 10 min later by topical application of C48/80 (right).
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/95/6/2495 (3282 words)

	Cremaster FAQs
		The cremaster is a muscle that raises and lowers the testicles.
		Matthew Barney uses the descension of the cremaser muscle as a metaphor for the appearance of male sexuality.
		Cremaster 4 was shot on BETA SP, Cremaster 1 and 5 were shot on Digital BetaCam, Cremaster 2 was shot on HDTV, and Cremaster 3 was shot on 24P HDTV, a format that records video at 24 frames per second, the same speed that film is shot and projected.
	cremasterfanatic.com /FAQs.html (673 words)

	CSIndy: Busby Berkeley dreams (July 31, 2003)
		As it were, the cremaster is a little muscle that raises and lowers the scrotum.
		Cremaster 4 (differentiation/descent) takes us to the Isle of Mann for a lovely motorcycle race around the island and Matthew Barney as a dapper mythical ram who tap-dances his way through the floor of a pier and then crawls through a Vaseline tube beneath the ocean floor.
		Cremaster 5 (total descent and fall into tragic love): a tragic opera and an exquisite finale involving birds, the maypole ribbons and the, finally, differentiated genitals.
	www.csindy.com /csindy/2003-07-31/artbreak.html (785 words)

	Male Gross Anatomy and Histology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the bull, ram, and stallion the ductus deferens is thickened (due to a greater number of glands) by the posterior region of the bladder and form distinct ampullae.
		It is covered by the bulbo-cavernous muscle, which is a single muscle that acts to empty the urethra during ejaculation.
		It is enclosed by the corpus cavernosum urethra and the bulbo-cavernosus muscle.
	www.wingate.edu /academics/biology/abd/malelabsheet.htm (1542 words)

	In Vivo Study of the Effect of Systemic Hypoxia on Leukocyte-Endothelium Interactions -- BAUDRY et al. 158 (2): 477 -- ...
		After surgical preparation, the cremaster muscle was placed in the microcirculatory chamber and covered with a plexiglass plate.
		and of lesions to the muscle and its microcirculation.
		The effect of pentoxifylline on ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat cremaster muscle.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/158/2/477 (4856 words)

	Reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle is reduced in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice -- Qi et al. 97 (4): ...
		Reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle is reduced in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice -- Qi et al.
		Expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in diaphragm and skeletal muscle.
		Reperfusion injury is reduced in skeletal muscle by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/97/4/1323 (3823 words)

	Postischemic inflammation: a role for mast cells in intestine but not in skeletal muscle -- Kanwar et al. 275 (2): 212 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ischemia was induced for 30 min by clamping the main feeding artery perfusing the cremaster muscle.
		detected in the cremaster muscle of mast cell-deficient animals.
		The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in ischemia-induced increases in canine skeletal muscle vascular permeability.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/2/G212 (4038 words)

	Montreal Mirror : Cover : Visual Arts : The Cremaster Cycle
		The Cremaster Cycle, a group of visceral videos shot out of sequence from 1994 to 2002, earned him the title of most important, and possibly top-grossing, artist of his generation.
		The title refers to the cremaster muscle, responsible for lifting and dropping the testes in response to fear or changes in temperature.
		In Cremaster 3, for instance, Barney's mouth is stretched to bleeding to undergo a grossetating dental procedure that causes a fleshy anal excretion.
	www.montrealmirror.com /ARCHIVES/2004/090904/cover_visual_arts.html (1405 words)

	UAMS Department of Anatomy - Muscles of the Abdominal Region
		is internal abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the spermatic cord and testis; the cremasteric reflex may be elicited by stroking the medial thigh (where the femoral branch of the genitofemoral n.
		anterior fibers of internal abdominal oblique course up and medially, perpendicular to the fibers of external abdominal oblique; the cremaster muscle and fascia is the internal abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the testis and spermatic cord
		transversus abdominis muscle does not contribute to the coverings of the spermatic cord and testis; transversalis fascia, the deep fascia that covers the inner surface of the transversus abdominis, forms the internal spermatic fascia
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/muscles_abdomen.html (1005 words)

	WAC \| Calendar \| May 2003 \| Matthew Barney: The Cremaster Cycle
		The second is the cremaster muscle, which regulates the temperature of the testes and ensures the potency of the sperm; the muscle also raises and lowers the testes (in cold, in fear).
		Over the years, the Cremaster films have had their own separate lives with the occasional theatrical and festival release, but the Manhattan run of Cremaster 3 (2002) at Film Forum showed that the film community had finally grown comfortable enough with Barney's work to provoke raves in Variety ("Matthew Barney delivers his masterpiece in Cremaster3.
		It continued through the Walker's 1999 exhibition Cremaster 2: The Drones' Exposition, which marked the first time Barney combined all facets of the cycle (film, sculpture, photography, drawing) into one exhibition; that installation is now jointly owned by the Walker and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
	www.walkerart.org /archive/C/B27371903720BA536174.htm (636 words)

	mathew barney's cremaster cycle
		Along with each Cremaster film, which Barney writes and directs, and in which he often plays one or more roles, the artist/filmmaker also created related sculptures, drawings and photographs.
		The project is rife with biological metaphors and anatomical allusions to the position of the reproductive organs during the embryonic process of sexual differentiation.
		A stunning, enclosed aesthetic system The Cremaster Cycle, taken chronologically, represents the movement from ascended (or undifferentiated) to descended (or differentiated) and is lubricated with lashings of Vaseline and a wicked sense of humour.
	www.acmi.net.au /2CBCEC92508E4C06BBB62B514A480377.jsp (266 words)

	cremaster muscle and the cremasteric reflex
		With respect to the cremaster muscle and the cremasteric reflex
		The cremaster muscle derived from the internal oblique muscle
		The cremaster muscle is supplied by a branch of the superior epigastric artery
	www.aippg.net /forum/viewtopic.php?t=21171 (209 words)

	nNOS and eNOS modulate cGMP formation and vascular response in contracting fast-twitch skeletal muscle -- LAU et al. 2 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		by a decrease in skeletal muscle vascular resistance (1).
		Arteriolar diameter in cremaster muscle was measured 3 s after cessation of electrical stimulation at 30 Hz for 15 s.
		muscle is attenuated in the absence of eNOS.
	physiolgenomics.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/2/1/21 (4686 words)

	APStracts 6:0008H, 1999. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This study was designed to determine the role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and AA release in functional hyperemia in the hamster cremaster muscle.
		The muscle was prepared for in vivo microscopy and subjected to electrical field stimulation for one minute.
		These results indicate that functional hyperemia in the hamster cremaster muscle is dependent on PLA2 activation and the availability of AA.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1999/heart/January/8H.html (227 words)

	MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice show exaggerated ICAM-1-dependent leucocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration in ...
		Expression of endothelial adhesion molecules in the cremaster
		in cremaster muscle expression of P-selectin and E-selectin.
		in the cremaster microcirculation of 20-week-old MRL/lpr mice
	rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/42/8/929 (2434 words)

	Guggenheim Museum - Matthew Barney
		Matthew Barney's epic Cremaster cycle (1994–2002) is a self-enclosed aesthetic system consisting of five feature-length films that explore processes of creation.
		The project is rife with anatomical allusions to the position of the reproductive organs during the embryonic process of sexual differentiation: Cremaster 1 represents the most "ascended" or undifferentiated state, Cremaster 5 the most "descended" or differentiated.
		Sculptures introduced in "The Order" as symbols for each Cremaster film are exhibited in the context of their respective chapters alongside earlier works in a chronological rhythm that reflects the looping flow of the cycle itself.
	www.guggenheim.org /exhibitions/past_exhibitions/barney/introduction (475 words)

	Role of Nitric Oxide, Adenosine, and ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Insulin-Induced Vasodilation -- McKay and ...
		The microcirculation of the cremaster was observed with a microscope
		Insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation is nitric oxide dependent: a novel action of insulin to increase nitric oxide release.
		Anatomic and hemodynamic characteristics of the blood vessels feeding the cremaster skeletal muscle in the rat.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/2/202 (4170 words)

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