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Topic: Crematoria

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Extermination camps

	Crematoria
		Cremation and the number of crematoria are on the rise in the U.S. The Cremation Association of North America estimated that there were 1,971 crematoria operating in the U.S. in 2005, burning 32% of human deaths.
		This 2003 study shows that the risk of stillbirth was 4% higher and the risk of the life threatening brain abnormality anencephalus was 5% higher among babies whose mothers lived near to crematoria.
		Two crematoria were stopped by local governments in Pennsylvania in 2006 and 2007 through the use of local ordinances.
	www.ejnet.org /crematoria (638 words)

	Rat Man : Vol 5 : Section 315 : Crematoria Section 315 : Crematoria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Crematoria are subject to co-ordination procedures as outlined in the relevant Practice Note.
		Crematoria cannot be situated in the consecrated part of a burial ground of a Burial Authority.
		Crematoria vary greatly in design and size but the normal required design features are set out in Appendix 1.
	www.voa.gov.uk /instructions/chapters/rating_manual/vol5/sect315/s315.htm (1440 words)

	Defra, UK - News releases 2006: HALVING MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM CREMATORIA – NOVEL ‘BURDEN SHARING’ ...
		Up to 16% of all mercury emitted in the UK comes from crematoria because of the fillings in teeth and this percentage is expected to increase to 25% by 2020 without action.
		The increase in crematoria emissions is caused by a generation which is more likely to have retained all its teeth, but has more fillings because it did not benefit from advances in oral hygiene.
		All new crematoria are required to fit mercury control equipment but those conducting fewer than 750 cremations a year have till 2012 to do this.
	www.defra.gov.uk /news/2006/061019d.htm (749 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Crematoria warned over mercury
		Strict rules for crematoria to limit mercury pollution caused when tooth fillings are vaporised have been announced by ministers.
		The industry has been told mercury filtering equipment must be fitted at crematoria by 2012 to halve emissions.
		However, he allayed fears crematoria would be forced to close - originally it was thought one in four would not be able to cope once the new rules came into place.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/4160895.stm (508 words)

	The Crematoria Ovens of Auschwitz and Birkenau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Crematoria ovens and their operation were by no means exempt from this need for the thrifty use of coal.
		Since Crematoria II and III are where the greatest number of bodies were cremated, it is the model installed there - namely, the Topf three-muffle oven - which we shall focus on in our examination of the question whether several bodies could be simultaneously cremated in one and the same muffle.
		The cremation registers of the crematoria of Auschwitz and Birkenau have been lost, so that it is not possible to determine the exact number of bodies cremated (and thus the number of people who died in the camp).
	codoh.com /found/fndcrema.html (14047 words)

	Neither trace nor proof -- The seven Auschwitz 'Gassing' sites (review)
		So, according to the French author's thesis, the crematoria needed mortuaries for storing corpses until cremation only when they had to be concerned about natural deaths in the camp; and on the other hand, they didn't need them when they had to contend with the much greater number of cadavers "produced" by the gas chamber.
		Unlike Crematoria II and II, Crematoria IV and V "were designed as criminal instruments," although "modifications introduced in the course of their construction and operation made their operating sequence absurd" (p.447).
		On the other hand, Crematoria IV and V were designed as criminal instruments, although the modifications introduced during the course of their construction transformed their sequence of operations into an absurdity.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v11/v11p177_Aynat.html (9004 words)

	Crematoria are a deadly business
		The Natural Resources and Environment Ministry is taking the initiative to regulate the thousands of crematoria operated by Buddhist temples in an attempt to reduce harmful emissions of mercury and potentially cancer-causing dioxin and furan.
		The move is long overdue given the fact that crematoria, which process over 300,000 bodies each year, spewing tonnes of noxious gases and hazardous particles into the atmosphere, have remained largely unregulated until now.
		According to the Natural Resources and Environment Ministry, it is suspected that crematoria emissions may have contributed to the marked increase in cancer among urban residents.
	www.nationmultimedia.com /2006/08/13/opinion/opinion_30010975.php (739 words)

	The Bombing of Auschwitz (review)
		It is his claim that had the crematoria been destroyed by bombardment, the Germans would have been unable to burn great numbers of corpses in ditches "due to the problems posed by humidity as well as the threat of disease.
		This idea suggests that the crematoria had some kind of magical ability to destroy the evidence of mass murder, and without such machines the mass murder would not have gone forward.
		The technical articles, ranging over all the contingencies involved in the proposed bombing of the "gas chambers and crematoria," are fatally flawed by the ignorance of the authors about the very objects they envision destroying, which renders the rest of their highly learned commentary of little if any value.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v20/v20n2p38_Neufeld.html (1749 words)

	Why the Germans destroyed the crematoria...
		On the other hand, the crematoria sections of Krema II and III have been demolished down to the floor of the second level.
		It is worth noting that the explosions which brought down the crematoria structures and damaged the alleged gas chambers occurred just hours before the Germans abandoned Birkenau, again highlighting the hasty nature of the German's departure.
		Majdanek or, to be precise, the propaganda use that the Majdanek crematoria "ovens" were put to by the Soviets after their capture July 24, 1944.
	www.codoh.com /gcgv/gcgvdest.html (709 words)

	TR 1/2004: C. Mattogno: Flames and Smoke from the Chimneys of Crematoria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The velocity of combustion gases in a chimney varies with the square root of the draft; in case of crematoria with coke-fired ovens it amounted to roughly 3 m/sec,[1] whereas for industrial furnaces it is in the order of 3 to 4 m/sec.
		For crematoria II and III at Birkenau this means that in the shortest duct the smoke remained 3 times longer than would have been necessary for its complete combustion.
		For crematoria IV and V the respective figures would be a limit of 202 kg of fat in 30 minutes as opposed to an actual combustion of only 34 kg of fat.
	www.vho.org /tr/2004/1/Mattogno73-78.html (3936 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Auschwitz Testimonies of the Topf engineers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The size of the introduction openings at the crematoria for concentration camps is smaller - 70 x 70 cm -, the length is two meters, as opposed to two meters and thirty centimeters in civilian crematoria.
		The construction of the crematoria for the concentration camps is different; it does not allow for previously heating the air, for which reason the corpse burns more slowly and generating smoke.
		In the crematoria for the camps, however, the ovens are bigger and each has three muffles of smaller size than those of the ovens of a common crematorium.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=61650 (8290 words)

	Pacemaker explosions in crematoria: problems and possible solutions -- Gale and Mulley 95 (7): 353 -- Journal of the ...
		of pacemaker explosions in crematoria, and investigated the
		second questionnaires to those crematoria that did not respond.
		crematoria staff ask the relatives whether a pacemaker is present.
	www.jrsm.org /cgi/content/full/95/7/353 (1676 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Action on crematoria mercury
		Crematoria may be ordered to take action to reduce the amount of mercury from tooth fillings that is released into the atmosphere when bodies are cremated.
		Paul Stubbs, technical officer for the federation, told BBC News Online that up to 25% of crematoria would not be in a position to install the air filtration equipment that would be required to reduce mercury emissions.
		He said in many cases this would require crematoria to build extensions, which was not possible if the building was already surrounded by graves which could not be disturbed.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/3013049.stm (347 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Action on crematoria mercury
		At present, pacemakers, or other devices that could potentially cause an explosion during the cremation process are removed before the body arrives at the crematorium.
		Crematoria have already spent between £125m and £150m to reduce air pollution during the 1990s.
		This was to comply with targets on pollutants such as particulates, hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide and dioxins.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/3013049.stm (347 words)

	The Revisionist Forum :: View topic - Auschwitz Crematoria Capability
		Yes, the capacity he estimated for the whole crematorium complex is for the operation of all crematoria at the same time.
		When the decision was made to design and build the crematoria in Auschwitz the camp went through a serious typhus epedemic, I believe with up to 400 dead per day.
		Before the decision was made by the SS about the size and capacity of these crematoria there must have been quite some correspondence about this within their organisation.
	revforum.yourforum.org /viewtopic.php?t=78 (1375 words)

	Crematoria & Hg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Dental amalgam consists of 50% metallic mercury, and although the risk of mercury poisoning to dentists and their assistants is recognised, little attention has been paid to the final disposal of filled teeth.
		Exposure to mercury vapour by workers in crematoria may be low compared with others who are occupationally exposed but we consider that this study indicates that there is sufficient evidence to warrant emission monitoring and control.
		Usefulness of selenium for the reduction of mercury emissions from crematoria.
	www.altcorp.com /DentalInformation/hgcrematoria.htm (1304 words)

	:: Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu EN ::
		The furnaces in the other two crematoria were of a different construction but, in practice, the capacity of the retorts was the same as in the five-furnace crematoria.
		He stated that 5,000 corpses could be burned per day in crematoria II and III, and 3,000 in crematoria IV and V, meaning that the daily capacities of the individual crematoria were 2,500 and 1,500 corpses, respectively.
		The planned and tested crematoria capacities as defined in the June 28, 1943 letter could be exceeded because the Sonderkommando prisoners increased the number of corpses burned at a time to five and shortened the burning time to 20 minutes.
	www.auschwitz-muzeum.oswiecim.pl /new/index.php?tryb=news_big&language=EN&id=563 (14244 words)

	Fritjof Meyer: The Number of Victims of Auschwitz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The arguments which he put forward for the unsuitability of the mortuary I of the crematoria I and II were not able to convince.
		According to Prüfer, each of the two crematoria I and II incinerated 800 corpses per day, and each of the smaller crematoria III and IV cremated 400 bodies, in total 2400.
		The incineration time was one and a half hours[13] in a muffle which had been designed for the dignified cremation of a corpse for the sole purpose of obtaining its ash.
	www.vho.org /GB/c/Meyer.html (4734 words)

	C. Mattogno, F. Deana: The Crematoria Ovens of Auschwitz and Birkenau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The five three-muffle ovens in crematoria II and III of Birkenau each had a maximum capacity of between 1,000 and 1,500 cremations per 24 hours,[11] but their normal capacity was 1,000 to 1,100 cremations each per 24 hours.
		Two ovens of this type were built in the crematoria IV and V of Birkenau in 1942-1943, and one half of such an oven (4 muffles) was installed at Mogilew in 1942.
		The construction of the crematoria for the concentration camps is different; it was not possible to pre-heat the air, as a result of which the corpse burned slower and with developing smoke.
	www.vho.org /GB/Books/dth/fndcrema.html (15948 words)

	The Natural Death Centre - survey of the funeral trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Most crematoria are run by local authorities and have reasonable fees, although these fees are being sharply increased in many places to finance the cost of new facilities that meet stringent EC anti-pollution requirements.
		As mentioned, the Natural Death Handbook questionnaire was circulated to all 243 crematoria in the country.
		The majority of the crematoria will accept basket coffins; 53% will accept body bags (if supported on a piece of wood and covered with a drape); 50% will accept a body in a shroud (if the shroud is kept rigid with a piece of wood).
	www.ac026.dial.pipex.com /naturaldeath/funeraltradesurvey2003.htm (1298 words)

	Defending Against the Allied Bombing Campaign: Air Raid Shelters and Gas Protection in Germany, 1939-1945
		The argument was first made in the Summer of 1996 by Arthur R. Butz, with respect to Crematoria II and III in his Vergasungskeller article.
		Hence, when the crematoria are identified as having had gas tight bomb shelters the first reaction of the skeptic will be, why would there be alterations for the crematoria to serve as air raid shelters?
		So it should be clear that the argument for gas-tight bomb shelters in the Birkenau crematoria is strengthened to the extent that analogous structures can be shown to have existed both in the concentration camp system as well as in German cities.
	www.codoh.com /incon/inconabr.html (9301 words)

	Crematoria
		Glasgow City Council manages two crematoria which can be used by people from all beliefs.
		These crematoria provide a peaceful resting place in beautiful surroundings.
		The gardens at the crematoria are maintained to the highest standard and you will be assured of peace and tranquility in an area surrounded by carefully landscaped shrubberies, flower beds and outstanding rose bushes, many of which are dedicated to the memory of loved ones.
	www.glasgow.gov.uk /en/Residents/BirthDeathMarriage_Citizenship/Death/Crematoria (108 words)

	Krematoria
		Despite the hectic pace of work, which went on day and night, the approved deadlines for launching the crematoria failed to be met.
		A letter from the Zentralbauleitung to Group C of June 28, 1943 indicates that the capacity for a 24-hour period was estimated at 340 bodies for crematorium I; 1,440 each for crematoria II and III; and 768 each for crematoria IV and V. Thus the five crematoria could incinerate 4,765 bodies each day...
		In addition, crematoria II and III were equipped with special furnaces for incinerating less-valuable articles, such as personal papers, women's purses, books, and toys that were found in the luggage of the murdered victims...The disinfected hair of gassed women was dried in the attic...
	www.spectacle.org /695/krema.html (754 words)

	The Natural Death Handbook, Chapter Seven - Good Crematoria and Cemeteries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Unless otherwise stated, you can assume that all the cemeteries and crematoria listed are prepared to deal with families not using funeral directors.
		Those crematoria listed as willing to take home-made coffins do so on condition that such coffins meet the anti-pollution requirements of the Federation of British Cremation Authorities, as set out in Chapter 4.
		Shrouds, if listed as acceptable by either crematoria or cemeteries, are normally required to be made rigid with a plank; likewise body bags, which would also normally need to be covered with a drape of some kind.
	www.globalideasbank.org /natdeath/ndh7b.html (17209 words)

	Jean-Claude Pressac and the War Refugee Board Report (review)
		The Vrba-Wetzler report evinces numerous and important discrepancies regarding the architectural structure of the crematoria in the period to which it refers, April 1944, the very reason that Pressac surmises that their information refers to the state of the crematoria in March 1943.
		We state at the outset that the cremation of 3 normal corpses in go minutes in the furnaces of crematoria II and III of Birkenau - as well as the cremation capability adduced by Pressac -- was technically impossible, as we shall show in a study of this question to be published shortly.
		He stated that crematoria II and III each had 5 furnaces, with 3 muffles for each furnace, and that in each muffle 3 corpses could be cremated in 20 minutes.[20] The incineration capacity of each crematorium thus jumps to 3,240 corpses in 24 hours.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v10/v10p461_Mattogno.html (6226 words)

	Abercorn Choices - Cemeteries & Crematoria
		There are three Crematoria within the Edinburgh area and there are very different individual attributes for each.
		Even the act of visiting or laying flowers on a grave is a positive step in expressing ones grief and this "allows" you to have a place to cry or be contemplative and have a final point of contact with some essential part of your loved one.
		All crematoria and most cemeteries now provide special areas for the interment of cremated remains and more and more people have come to recognise the value of retaining fond memories and the importance of knowing where the ashes are after cremation.
	www.abercorn.info /choices/cemeteries.htm (471 words)

	MERC Vermont \| Advisory Committee on Mercury Pollution Meeting Minutes
		Federal EPA standards for mercury releases from crematoria were to be developed by Nov 2000, but in a Federal Register Notice at that time, EPA set a new release date of Nov. 15, 2005.
		Mercury emissions from dental amalgams during cremation may only be reduced by removing the amalgams before cremation (which is not a common practice), or by filtering the gaseous emissions from a crematorium.
		Speciation data are sparse for Hg emissions from crematoria; however, if the mercury emissions were in the form of Mercury Alkyl Compounds, then individual crematoria would begin to approach the respective Action Level.
	www.anr.state.vt.us /dec/ead/mercury/acmp/minutes/2004/2004-10-01.htm (1899 words)

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