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Topic: Crenarchaeota

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Euryarchaeota

Archaeabacteria

Archaea

Korarchaeota

Archaeoglobi

Halobacteria

Methanopyri

Extremophile

Nanoarchaeum

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Lactobacillales

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	Crenarchaeota
		Crenarchaeota comprise one kingdom in the larger domain of Archaea.
		The most spectacular feature of the Crenarchaeota, however, is their tolerance to, and even preference for, extremes of acidity and temperature.
		The remaining Crenarchaeota cluster into a group comprised of several genera, including Pyrodictium, Desulfurococcus, Staphylothermus, Thermodiscus, Aeropyrum, Igneococcus and Thermosphaera, all of which are coccoid, neutrophilic hyperthermophiles.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Crenarchaeota&contgroup=Archaea (1517 words)

	Crenarchaeota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The phylum Crenarchaeota (or Crenarchaea), is a member of the Archaea domain.
		Initially, the Crenarchaeota were thought to be extremeophiles (e.g., thermophilic and psychrophilic organisms) but recent studies have identified them as the most abundant archaea in the marine environment.
		Originally, they were separated from the other archaea based on rRNA sequences; since then physiological features, such as lack of histones have supported this division.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crenarchaeota (567 words)

	Astrobiology Magazine
		He explains that the Crenarchaeota's low-temperature success may involve a unique molecule known as crenarchaeol that allows the organism's cell membrane to remain flexible in cooler environments.
		Zhang said the problem with this theory is that it puts the arrival of the organisms that contain crenarchaeol, Crenarchaeota, relatively late in geologic history and doesn't explain how they arose.
		Having a better understanding of how abundant Crenarchaeota are and how much carbon they remove can help scientists more accurately model the effects of global warming.
	www.astrobio.net /news/print.php?sid=1988 (588 words)

	The Crenarchaeota
		The Crenarchaeota are a smaller group than the Euryarchaeota which contains the majority of the known Archaea.
		The Crenarchaeota are primarily found in extreme environments either hot ones or cold ones.
		There are 21 genera in the Crenarchaeota most of which are monotypic, even the most populous genus has only 6 species in it.
	www.earthlife.net /prokaryotes/crenarchaeota.html (560 words)

	Crenarchaeota :: Microbiology and Bacteriology :: The world of microbes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Crenarchaeota group is composed of thermoacidophiles and hyperthermophiles that are phylogenetically distinct from physiologically similar Euryarchaeota.
		Crenarchaeota species are defined more by what they cannot do than by what they can.
		Since they have probably been around for billions of years, this suggests that these microbes have low mutation rates and slow evolutionary clocks, though it is possible that their environments put specific demands on the 16S rRNA function and therefore sequence.
	www.bact.wisc.edu /Microtextbook/index.php?name=Sections&req=viewarticle&artid=97&page=1 (888 words)

	EPDA - Dissertationen: Ochsenreiter, Torsten
		Diese Daten zeigten, dass nicht-thermophile Crenarchaeota eine wenig diverse, aber stabile Population der Mikrobiota in verschiedenen Bodenhabitaten stellen.
		The relative abundance of non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota in soil from the sandy ecosystem “Rotböhl” was determined to be 0,5 to 3%.
		The results of the qualitative and quantitative survey showed that non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota form a stable population of low diversity of the micro biota in different soil habitats.
	elib.tu-darmstadt.de /diss/000364 (900 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| Nanoarchaea: representatives of a novel archaeal phylum or a fast-evolving euryarchaeal ...
		For example, the Crenarchaeota lack both DNA polymerases of the D family and eukaryotic-like histones, which are present in the Euryarchaeota [6,7].
		The distinctiveness of the phyla Euryarchaeaota and Crenarchaeota is further strengthened by phylogenetic analysis ([9,10] and this work) and is likely to remain unaffected even when additional cultivable species will be defined.
		The exceptionality of this archaeon was confirmed by the sequencing of its genome, which combines a minimal size close to the theoretical limits of a living cell with a stability not observed in other highly reduced genomes [13].
	genomebiology.com /2005/6/5/R42 (5024 words)

	Nevada Hot Springs: PI private site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Crenarchaeol: the characteristic glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether membrane lipid of cosmopolitan pelagic Crenarchaeota.
		Diversity of thermophilic and non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota at 80 degrees C. Microbiol Lett 244:61-8.
		Novel genes for nitrite reductase and Amo-related proteins indicate a role of uncultivated mesophilic crenarchaeota in nitrogen cycling.
	www.uga.edu /srel/Nevada_Hot_Springs/cr.htm (1562 words)

	Evolution Of Hot Springs Microorganisms
		The usually held theory was that the crenarchaeol is a fairly new feature by evolutionary standards - evolving 112 million years ago during the Cretaceous period, the same period in which dinosaurs became extinct.
		By analyzing 17 samples from springs in California, Nevada and Thailand as well as examining data published by other scientists in different environments, Zhang and colleagues found that crenarchaeol was most usually found at temperatures of about 104 degrees Fahrenheit.
		Having a better understanding of how abundant Crenarchaeota are and how much carbon they remove can help researchers more accurately model the effects of global warming.
	www.biology-blog.com /blogs/permalinks/6-2006/evolution-of-hot-springs-microorganisms.html (526 words)

	Phylum Archaea
		The Crenarchaeota are generally hyperthermophiles or thermoacidophiles (some genera are Desulfurococcus, Pyrodictium, Sulfolobus, Thermofilum and Thermoproteus).
		Based on different reanalyses of rRNA and elongation factor trees, Lake and co-workers have long advocated that the Archaea are a paraphyletic rather than monophyletic group where the kingdom Crenarchaeota is more closely related to eukaryotes than is the kingdom Euryarchaeota.
		Locke suggests that the Crenarchaeota be renamed ‘eocytes’.
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /Taxa/Archaea.html (475 words)

	Microbe Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Instead, these deep-sea Crenarchaeota apparently are incorporating dissolved CO as their main carbon source.
		For instance, the marine Group I Crenarchaeota are eurybathyl, that is, they are distributed throughout the ocean depths from near-surface waters to the bottom of the abyss.
		Crenarchaeol: the characteristic core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether membrane lipid of cosmopolitan pelagic Crenarchaeota.
	www.asm.org /news/index.asp?bid=22008 (3014 words)

	Phylogenetic Analysis of Nonthermophilic Members of the Kingdom Crenarchaeota and Their Diversity and Abundance in ...
		The kingdom Crenarchaeota is one of the two kingdoms that comprise the archaeal domain.
		Crenarchaeota, depending on the method used to generate the tree.
		Crenarchaeota, and positions ancestral to the Crenarchaeota (3).
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/64/11/4333 (4806 words)

	OGI School of Science & Engineering
		Assistant Professor Holly Simon, Ph.D., who comes to OGI from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, is an expert on the single-celled microorganisms inhabiting the soil on and around the roots of plants (known to scientists as the rhizosphere).
		But finding Crenarchaeota in moderate conditions - in this case, on and around the roots of tomato plants in Wisconsin - has opened a new avenue of study for scientists interested in the functions and ecological implications of these microorganisms.
		In addition to discovering members of these "non-thermophilic," or mesophilic, Crenarchaeota in agricultural soils and revealing their ability to colonize plant roots, this group is also one of the pioneers in the field of "metagenomics," which involves the recovery, sequencing and analysis of the collective genomes of microorganisms from environmental samples.
	www.ogi.edu /about/news/dsp_news.cfm?news_id=5062201E-DA82-650F-98851B2EF0EB3823 (430 words)

	Ammonia-loving archaea win landslide majority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A genetic analysis of soil samples indicates that a group of microorganisms called crenarchaeota are the Earth's most abundant land-based creatures that oxidize ammonia, according to an international team of researchers from Norway, Germany, United Kingdom and the United States.
		Archaea are single-celled microbes that, along with bacteria, comprise a category of small organisms whose genetic material, or DNA, is not stored in a nucleus (as it is in animals and plants).
		Crenarchaeota, which belong to the archaea, are found in various habitats, including soil.
	www.brightsurf.com /news/headlines/25889/Ammonia-loving_archaea_win_landslide_majority.html (911 words)

	JGI - Why Sequence Crenarchaeota?
		The marine planktonic Crenarchaeota, for example, rival total bacterial biomass in ocean waters from 100 m to 5000 m, from temperate regions to Antarctica.
		Surprisingly, evidence is now mounting that deep-sea planktonic Crenarchaeota may be autotrophic (i.e., they may synthesize the organic molecules they need from inorganic ones).
		The goal is to assemble large genomic scaffolds representative of planktonic Crenarchaeota, to facilitate a deeper biological and ecological understanding of these abundant oceanic microbes.
	www.jgi.doe.gov /sequencing/why/CSP2005/crenarchaeota.html (313 words)

	Connecticut College - CC News Stories
		Bernhard and the research team, which was headed by David Stahl of the University of Washington, successfully cultivated the tiny microbe Crenarchaeota in the laboratory and discovered some surprising facts about the diet and lifestyle of these microbes, which surf the seas in almost unimaginable multitude.
		Crenarchaeota survive by oxidizing ammonia to nitrite and, by the sheer weight of their numbers, may make them big players in the world´s nitrogen cycle — converting ammonia into other harmless nitrogen compounds.
		Additionally, their nitrogen-metabolizing genes look superficially similar to those of as-yet-uncultured terrestrial cold-living Crenarchaeota, which could indicate that a nitrogen-based lifestyle originated in these ancient organisms, rather than in bacteria.
	aspen.conncoll.edu /news/1962.cfm (261 words)

	Axial Differences in Community Structure of Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota in the Highly Compartmentalized Gut of the ...
		Axial Differences in Community Structure of Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota in the Highly Compartmentalized Gut of the Soil-Feeding Termite Cubitermes orthognathus -- Friedrich et al.
		To further explore the diversity of Crenarchaeota in the gut of C.
		Crenarchaeota (182-bp T-RF) increased to 4 and 7% in the P4 and
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/10/4880 (5766 words)

	Temperature-dependent variation in the distribution of tetraether membrane lipids of marine Crenarchaeota: Implications ...
		This proxy is based on the number of cyclopentane moieties in the glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) of the membrane lipids of marine Crenarchaeota, which changes as a response to temperature.
		We performed mesocosm studies with marine Crenarchaeota incubated at temperatures ranging from 5 to 35°C and salinities of 27 and 35‰ to test the validity of the TEX
		Growth of marine Crenarchaeota in these mesocosms was evident from the substantial increase in the concentration of marine Crenarchaeotal membrane lipids with amounts up to 3400 ng/L. With increasing temperature, an increase in the number of cyclopentane moieties in the crenarchaeotal membrane lipids was observed.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2004PA001041.shtml (414 words)

	Biocenter - Research Groups - Diversity of Archaea in boreal forest soil, lakes and sediment
		We showed in 1996 that representatives of Crenarchaeota, one of the main kingdoms of Archaea, are present in boreal forest soil.
		This was in contrast to the generally accepted assumption of Crenarchaeota as being evolutionarily adapted to high-temperature aquatic environments only.
		The discovery was due to the availability of new techniques of rDNA-PCR applied directly to DNA samples extracted from soil, together with access to improved sequencing and phylogenetic software.
	www.biocenter.helsinki.fi /groups/SAANO/SAANO.HTML (150 words)

	Crenarchaeol: the characteristic core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether membrane lipid of cosmopolitan pelagic ...
		Crenarchaeol: the characteristic core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether membrane lipid of cosmopolitan pelagic crenarchaeota -- Damsté et al.
		crenarchaeota evolved from (hyper) thermophilic archaea in the
		Distribution of intact core ether lipids of planktonic crenarchaeota in the Arabian Sea.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/43/10/1641 (4873 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Cultivation of Mesophilic Soil Crenarchaeota in Enrichments from Tomato Roots
		Citation: Jahn, C.E., Simon, H.M., Bergerud, L.T., Weimer, P.J., Goodman, R.M. Cultivation of mesophilic soil crenarchaeota in enrichments from tomato roots.
		Culture-independent studies have led to the recovery of sequences from mesophilic and low-temperature (termed nonthermophilic) members of the division Crenarchaeota from aquatic and terrestrial environments worldwide.
		We tested the hypothesis that colonization of plant roots by crenarchaeotes could be exploited for their growth in culture.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=168455&pf=1 (354 words)

	UGA researchers propose new hypothesis on the evolution of hot springs microorganisms
		The commonly held theory was that the crenarchaeol is a fairly new feature by evolutionary standards — evolving 112 million years ago during the Cretaceous period, the same period in which dinosaurs became extinct.
		This is well above even the warmest sea surface temperatures during the Cretaceous period, leading them to conclude that the crenarchaeol — and by extension the groups of Crenarchaeota that have the molecule — evolved much earlier than previously thought.
		The study was supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-06/uog-urp060506.php (567 words)

	EPDA - Dissertationen: Quaiser, Achim
		My studies involved members of the archaeal kingdom crenarchaeota which were considered until recently as extremophiles, exclusively residing in hot environments and Acidobacteria, a novel phylum within the Bacteria, which shows a similar phylogenetic depth as that of the Proteobacteria.
		The development of a method based on a 2-phase gel-electrophoresis allowed the isolation of highly pure and cloneable high molecular weight DNA from soil by elimination of polyphenolic compounds (humic and fulvic acids) which heavily contaminate soil DNA (Quaiser et al., 2002a and 2002b).
		With Archaea-specific and Acidobacteria-specific probes one genomic fragment of a mesophilic uncultured Crenarchaeota and six genomic fragments of the Acidobacteria (210.000 bp) from two fosmid libraries were identified and characterised (Quaiser et al., 2002a; Quaiser et al., 2003).
	elib.tu-darmstadt.de /diss/000368 (939 words)

	Ammonia-loving archaea win landslide majority
		Researchers examined soil samples from 12 pristine and agricultural lands across three climatic zones to see if such ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms were present in terrestrial ecosystems as well.
		The tally suggested that copies of the archaeal gene in the soil samples were up to 3,000 times more abundant than copies of the bacterial gene.
		Despite their abundance, it is not yet clear if crenarchaeota oxidize more ammonia than regular bacteria, and what that might mean for the ecological impact of ammonia oxidation, or the nitrogen cycle.
	www.biologynews.net /archives/2006/08/17/ammonialoving_archaea_win_landslide_majority.html (1011 words)

	Nevada Hot Springs MO
		Crenarchaeota are members of a poorly surveyed grouped of microorganisms in the domain Archaea.
		These investigators will focus on alkalithermophilic Crenarchaeota — those that both grow at or above pH 8 and at or above 60 degrees C. Most of the known thermophilic Crenarchaeota have been found in low pH environments, while more alkaline habitats such as these have received less attention.
		The specific objectives of this project will be to focus on the alkalithermophilic Crenarchaeota found in Nevada thermal features that are chemolithoautotrophic in nature.
	serc.carleton.edu /microbelife/microbservatories/nevadahotsprings (485 words)

	Nanoarchaeum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Initial examination of single-stranded ribosomal RNA indicated that the organism most likely belonged to the Archaea domain.
		However, its difference from the existing phyla, Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota, was as great as the difference between the phyla.
		Therefore, it was given its own phylum, called Nanoarchaeota.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Nanoarchaeum (473 words)

	Molecular phylogeny of Archaea from soil -- Bintrim et al. 94 (1): 277 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
		Crenarchaeota, one of the two kingdoms of Archaea, are thermophiles.
		Crenarchaeota and affinity to the Group I marine Archaea.
		represent a lineage of non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota that are
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/1/277 (4932 words)

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