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Topic: Creole English

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	creole definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Creole languages are found in communities where a pidgin language earlier served as a useful lingua franca.
		Creoles are often the sole language of a community and so are capable of fulfilling all their speakers' linguistic needs.
		Creoles, which involve a language shift, are often caused by the disruption of normal speech communities.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_/creole.html (713 words)

	Creole language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A creole language, or just creole, is a well-defined and stable language that originated from a non-trivial combination of two or more languages, typically with many distinctive features that are not inherited from either parent.
		All creole languages evolved from pidgins, usually those that have become the native language of a community.
		Another factor that may have contributed to the longtime neglect of creole languages is that they do not fit the "tree model" for the evolution of languages, which was adopted by linguists in the 19th century (possibly influenced by Darwinism) and is still the foundation of the comparative method.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creole_language (1295 words)

	Creole Translations
		Creole is a language spoken by the entire population of Haiti (estimated at seven million people).
		Unfortunately article 5 of the 1987 constitution proclaiming that Creole is the sole language uniting all Haitians and one of the two official languages of the country is not yet seriously implemented in government offices.
		But this is not due to the Creole language itself, but to a long tradition of violation of human and constitutional rights of farmers, workers, ordinary people, women, children, poor people etc...
	www.creoletrans.com /faq.htm (1564 words)

	CREOLE ENGLISH AND BLACK ENGLISH
		Creoles are languages which evolve from Pidgins when the pidgins become first languages for some or all of their speakers.
		Creole languages have been used in education and books have been published in many of them (often the Bible is among the first to be published) but no creole language is currently used officially as the main medium of education.
		Creole has just one form for all three: sometimes this form is derived from the subject and sometimes from the object form in British English.
	www.ling.lancs.ac.uk /staff/mark/resource/creole.htm (3305 words)

	Middle English as Creole:
		Creole tends to be something of a “ghetto” language, co-existing simultaneously with the dominant (usually colonial) language; unlike pidgins, however, creoles acquire native speakers.
		Dalton-Puffer argues this language death hypothesis to emphasize the near-impossibility of arguing conclusively on Middle English’s status as creole; by using the same arguments as her predecessors, she builds a case that up until its conclusion (English is not, in fact, dead) carries the same internal logic as the creole case.
		Rather than seeing Middle English as a creole that took on aspects of the socially dominant language in England, Rothwell argues that the English was “enrich[ed]” by the passing of “lexical and morphological/syntactical” (163) processes.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/6361ryan.htm (1195 words)

	Pidjin & Creole Spelling
		In the past, when no English pidgin had a recognised orthographies of its own, on occasions when they appeared in print they were given 'etymological spelling', that is, based on the conventional English spelling of the original English words.
		English is also a more economical and precise language - for example, a bilingual public notice in a newspaper took 48 words in English to say what took 83 words in Tok Pisin.
		Creoles may become more like English, particularly as their languages take in vocabulary of the modern world, but their spellings will still represent an English spelling reform, apart from the pronunciation shifts in consonants and vowels.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/pidjin.htm (2701 words)

	creole.html
		The creole hypothesis is the belief that ebonics was derived from a mix of West African languages, English and a few island languages.
		Actually English was originally the language of the peasants in England, but was learned by the bourgeois so they could communicate with their servants.
		Gullah is "an English-based creole spoken by the Gullahs that is marked by vocabulary and grammatical elements from various African languages." It evolved from the African slaves that worked on the islands.
	www.lclark.edu /~ria/creole.html.html (837 words)

	Kriol Orthography Development
		Creole is as strong as ever in all...functions of the community.
		In a Creole continuum situation, I believe that spelling conformity should be given greater weighting, due to the lexical similarity between the basilect and acrolectal forms.
		Certain spelling rules that are predominant in English are also used for Kriol spelling, such as the 'silent e' at the end of words which influences the vowel quality of the preceding vowel, such as: win and wine, bon 'bun' and bone, and fat and fate.
	www.kriol.org.bz /LanguagePages/Language_Orthography.htm (3970 words)

	BBC - Radio4 - Routes of English - Series4 - Caribbean
		English arrived with settlers in the 1620's and the first West African slaves were imported to work on the sugar plantations a generation later.
		He believes that English and Creole are of equal importance, although he does admit that he generally thinks in English.
		Creole developed primarily as English words were used by the African slaves.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/routesofenglish/storysofar/programme4_3.shtml (393 words)

	KIPKAA International Creole Day - English Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Our third International Creole Day Celebration is the fruit of a collective effort of many individuals and organizations determined to promote the Creole language and to search for a definitive, efficient solution to the problems of illiteracy and education in Haiti.
		There is concern on the part of Haitian professionals that Creole may not be able to meet the challenges of technology and that technology may not be able to meet the challenges of Creole.
		Creole is a true language and the same quality and types of computer tools created for the "major languages" can be created for Creole.
	hometown.aol.com /mit2canada/KIPKAA-eng.htm (1018 words)

	The Creole Origins of AAVE: Evidence from copula absence
		A creole, in the classical sense of Hall (1966), is a pidgin that has acquired native speakers, usually, the descendants of pidgin speakers who grow up using the pidgin as their first language.
		Although linguists who address the creole issue typically concentrate on one kind of evidence, or at most two, there are at least seven different kinds of evidence which could be brought to bear on the primary question of whether AAVE was once a creole, each of them involving secondary questions of their own.
		By contrast, in three of the creole data sets (Barbadian, 1980s, Jamaican, and plural NPs vs pronouns in LSE), the ordering is reversed, with a nominal subject favoring copula absence more than a pronoun subject; in the case of the LSE and Barbadian 1980s data sets, the margins are substantial (.38,.65).
	www.stanford.edu /~rickford/papers/CreoleOriginsOfAAVE.html (12684 words)

	Hawai`i Creole English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But the kind of English they spoke on the playground was influenced by the Pidgin English earlier brought to Hawai'i, by the Hawaiian spoken by their parents, and by their own first languages, especially Portuguese.
		However, English and Hawaiian are the official languages of the legislature and standardized English is the official medium of instruction in the school system.
		This "r-less" feature is also found in the English spoken in Australia, parts of England, and in the northeastern USA (where the early missionaries to Hawai'i came from).
	www.une.edu.au /langnet/hce.htm (1160 words)

	Creole patois Translation Service - English to Creole patois Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		You probably don't speak Creole patois yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent Creole patois perform our Creole patois to English translation.
		Intelligibility of Saint Lucia Creole is 78%, of KaripÃÂºna Creole of Brazil 77%.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/creole_patois_translation.shtml (479 words)

	Creole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As to making creole the primary language of the country and have French and English become secondary languages, I think that it would be a grave mistake for several reasons: 1) Haiti is a tiny country entirely and increasingly dependent on commerce with the outside world for its material survival.
		The Creole Institute at Indiana University is recognized as the only center in the United States that is equipped to deal in depth with linguistic and related educational issues in Haiti.
		Because of my traveling to Haiti, i did have to learn to speak Creole, it is one of the most beautiful language i have ever spoken, thru it i did have the chance to be in contact with your the Haitian people, your history and all the great things that your country has.
	www.haitiglobalvillage.com /sd-kreyol/Creole.htm (6271 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:jam
		Creole is the dominant language and gaining in prestige.
		Continuum of speech from the distinct creole to provincial Standard English of town dwellers.
		Creole is not considered proper for literary purposes.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=jam (343 words)

	No Title
		Originally, pidgin and creole languages were thought of as incomplete, broken, corrupt, not worthy of serious attention.
		Creole English and Creole French most common in New World; Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese Creoles common elsewhere and are important in development of all Creoles (Spanish Creole in Philippines, Portuguese in South, Southeast and E. Asia).
		English-based Creoles in Africa, W. Indies, Netherlands Antilles (Sranan Saramaccan 88,000 in Surinam); Gullah (Georgia, S. Carolina offshore islands) Neo-Melanesian (New Guinea) may be undergoing Creolization; Hawaii (H. `pidgin' is really Creole).
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/pijcreol/pijcreol.html (792 words)

	American English a Creole language? \| Antimoon Forum
		The only true "creole" that ever emerged from the United States was the language of slaves in the American South (only spoken in its true form by a small amount of people today).
		Yet, it is not as close to European Spanish as American English is to British English and has some significant native (Nahuatl) influence as in the use of 'nopal' and 'chango' for cactus and monkey and...'maaske' in some dialects for "anyhow; nonetheless" (Farfán 1998).
		Yes, but to be considered a creole or pidgin, much more has to be happeneing on many deepr linguistic levels (syntax, phonology, morphology, etc., are majorly affected) than the superficial acquisition of lexical borrowings (even if it's a lot) from another language.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t62-0.htm (1560 words)

	TriniView.com - Trinidad and Tobago Standard English? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		And yet, because language cannot be acquired naturally by import but in regular social and cultural networks (in a customary physical and political environment) in which people live out their lives, we must be creating our own standard brand of English right here in Trinidad and Tobago.
		That standard exists alongside the Creole and is distinctly flavoured by it - in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.
		We have no trouble making locals understand that the Creole shares words with IAE, and we all accept that such shared vocabulary is part of the standard we speak; after all, it is other people's vocabulary which we have adopted.
	www.triniview.com /winford/tntenglish.htm (779 words)

	Hawaiian Pidgin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although English and Hawaiian are the co-official languages of the State of Hawai
		As a result, it is widely believed that use of "standard" English is a key to career and educational success, and that use of Pidgin is a sign of lower socio-economic status.
		The Charlene Sato Center for Pidgin, Creole and Dialect Studies, a center devoted to pidgin, creole, and dialect studies at the University of Hawai
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawaiian_Creole_English (1412 words)

	Unit 14: Hawaiian Creole English
		In unit 12, we explored the social and educational implications of AAE; in this unit, we explore the social and educational implications of HCE (Hawai'i Creole English).
		Read: Watson-Grego, "Language and Education in Hawai'i: Sociopolitical and Economic Implications of Hawai'i Creole English," Language and the Social Construction of Identity in Creole Situations, pp.
		Obviously, students whose first language is a "non-standard" dialect of English (such as AAE or HCE) will have a more difficult time with standardized exams that are written by and for speakers of Standard English.
	www.ic.arizona.edu /~anth383/unit14.html (311 words)

	Creole Institute
		The dictionary is English-Haitian Creole with a reverse index.
		Ann pale kreyòl differs from its predecessor (A Basic Course in Haitian Creole) by the use of the official (IPN) spelling, by the inclusion of drawings illustrating objects and actions, and by a more accurate and authentic portrayal of Haitian culture.
		Volume II, The French-Creole and English- Creole indexes, may be used by speakers of French and English as aids in the production of Haitian Creole sentences.
	www.indiana.edu /~creole/abstract.html (857 words)

	Haiti Tools and Resources - English / Creole Dictionary
		The English Creole Dictionary is designed for the English speaking person who needs to learn to speak or read Haitian Creole.
		Words which are the same in English and Creole.
		The Creole English Dictionary is designed for the English speaking person who needs to learn to speak or translate Haitian Creole.
	www.researchonline.net /haiti/dictionary.htm (237 words)

	GENEVIÈVE ESCURE : Department of English : University of Minnesota
		Creoles, Contact and Language Change: Linguistic and Social Implications, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, Creole Language Library vol.
		"Belizean Creole: Gender, creole, and the role of women in language change," Gender Across Languages: The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men, eds., Marlis Hellinger and Hadumod Bussman, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2001, vol I: 53-84.
		"The acquisition of creole by urban and rural Black Caribs in Belize.” In York Papers in Linguistics 11: Urban Creoles.
	english.cla.umn.edu /faculty/escure/escure.htm (905 words)

	International Englishes
		Creole Languages of the Caribbean Area: A Comparison of the Grammar of Jamaican Creole with Those of the Creole Languages of Haiti, the Antilles, the Guianas, the Virgin Islands, and the Dutch West Indies.
		Islands and Exiles: The Creole Identities of Post/colonial Literature.
		"English as She Is Mis-Spoke [on Jamaican English]." Economist 16 July 1988: 16.
	www.wright.edu /~martin.kich/IntEng/Caribbean.htm (486 words)

	Paper Details
		For the most part Creole English speaking communities continue to struggle with a certain prejudice which goes as far back to contact, pidgins, and the birth of Creole.
		From the very beginning Creole was regarded as degenerate forms of lexifiers which corresponded with the Creole.
		I will suggest that a very close study may reveal that a very large percent of native Creole speakers who have relocated to Toronto have chosen to disassociate themselves with Creole, for as to do so is also to disassociate themselves with "backwardness", "bad language", "poverty" and crime.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/papers/browse-papers-action.cfm?PaperID=1581 (242 words)

	English to Creole translation from thebigword
		When you need a English to Creole translation, you want it to be the best English to Creole translation.
		All of our Creole translators translate into their mother-tongue (where possible) to ensure you get the best quality translation possible.
		Whether its English to Creole translation, Creole to English translation or any of the 400 language pairs handled by thebigword, companies the world over trust us to get their English to Creole translations right first time.
	www.thebigword.com /EnglishToCreole.aspx (230 words)

	Creole Valley English Bulldogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Creole Valley English Bulldogs, is just a family name that enjoys raising and producing quality and healthy English Bulldogs.
		Our goal is to produce great temperments, excellent companions, and truly make an outstanding representation of the breed.
		Please contact for more information, we are always available to answer your questions and to brag about our babies.
	www.creolevalleyenglishbulldogs.com (115 words)

	Dictionaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Contains phrases idioms and proverbial idioms in English and provides their equivalents in Haitian Creole.
		English medical terms with their equivalents in Haitian Creole with illustrations.
		English LEGAL terms with their equivalents in Haitian Creole.
	www.educavision.com /dictiony.htm (165 words)

	Amazon.com: English Haitian Creole Medical Dictionary: Books: Maude Heurtelou,Fequiere Vilsaint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The English / Haitian Creole Medical dictionary is developed as a tool to assist the health-care providers in meeting the need of Haitian patients that do not speak English.
		English Haitian Creole Medical Dictionary by Maude Heurtelou
		A Haitian friend of mine said the dictionary was written the way Creole is spoken in rural areas, where I often work.
	www.amazon.com /English-Haitian-Creole-Medical-Dictionary/dp/1584320729 (674 words)

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