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Topic: Creole (people)

	Louisiana Creole people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louisiana Creole refers to people of any race or mixture thereof who are descended from settlers in colonial French Louisiana before it became part of the United States in 1803 with the Louisiana Purchase, or to the culture and Creole cuisine typical of these people.
		Creole is now accepted as a broad cultural group of people of all races who share a French or Spanish background.
		Louisianans who identify themselves as "Creole" are most commonly from historically Francophone communities with some ancestors who came to Louisiana either directly from France or via the French colonies in the Caribbean; those descended from the Acadians of French Canada are more likely to identify themselves as Cajun than Creole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people (492 words)

	Creole Translations
		Creole is a language spoken by the entire population of Haiti (estimated at seven million people).
		Unfortunately article 5 of the 1987 constitution proclaiming that Creole is the sole language uniting all Haitians and one of the two official languages of the country is not yet seriously implemented in government offices.
		But this is not due to the Creole language itself, but to a long tradition of violation of human and constitutional rights of farmers, workers, ordinary people, women, children, poor people etc...
	www.creoletrans.com /faq.htm (1564 words)

	Creole Language in Haiti (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The argument is about whether Creole should have become the official language of the country when independence was declared in 1804." (7) Although this argument was not the basis of this paper nor the interviews performed, the relevance and utilization of Creole was debated within the four interviews that were conducted.
		People may already think of Haiti as inferior by it being a third world country but to some raised there and still living there, their language is no more inferior than any other language.
		She believes it is necessary to have Creole in the schools because as in her case and in many cases Creole is the first language for children.
	www.saxakali.com /caribbean/LanahL.htm (3862 words)

	Creole Links
		According to the Creole Heritage Center located in Natchitoches, Louisiana at Northwestern State University, Creoles are defined as individuals who are generally known as people of mixed French, African, Spanish, and Native American ancestry, most of whom reside in or have familial ties to Louisiana.
		In early 19th-century New Orleans, the term Creole was a way that these "born in the colony" cultural groups differentiated themselves from the many Americans who settled in the city after the Louisiana Purchase, and from the waves of German and other immigrants arriving in the area.
		Creole Cuisine-Creole cuisine was the creation of the French and Spanish settlers and their Black servants, and it is perhaps the best characterized by the sauces.
	www.joebee.com /html/creole.htm (913 words)

	Creole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word Creole (and its cognates in other languages, such as crioulo, criollo, créole, kriolu, criol, kreyol, kriulo, kriol, krio, etc.) may refer to
		a creole language, a type of language formed from a pidgin
		the Creole Pig, a pig breed from Haiti
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creole (211 words)

	Educator Area- French Creole Heritage Background
		Creoles of Color are Louisianans of mixed (mainly) French, African, Spanish, and Native American heritage.
		Creole decorative elements used often included chamfered or turned gallery columns, wraparound mantels, exposed beaded ceiling beams, and utilization of a French diamond-shaped parallelogram dubbed a lozenge.
		Creole architecture was dominant in the state on into the nineteenth century.
	www.laheritage.org /educatorarea/creoleheritage/chbackground.html (1520 words)

	Creoles
		Occasionally, when people speaking different languages settle permanently in proximity to each other and intermix, a pidgin can replace their original languages and become the first language of later generations.
		Creole people were held in low esteem by European colonizers and their languages were regarded as rudimentary, unrefined, and even primitive.
		In the past, orthographies for creole languages were mostly developed by missionaries or Western educational groups who applied the orthographic traditions of their own languages to represent the sounds of the creole languages.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/january2005/creoles.html (1477 words)

	NPS Archeology Program: Ethnography of Magnolia Plantation
		People might also take surnames that had traditionally signaled a socially elevated “race.” People who choose to “pass” or transform their ethnicity, for example, from mulatto to white, known in Louisiana as “passablanc,” must, however, deny their parentage or leave their community of birth for places where their parentage and ancestry are unknown (cf.
		People defining themselves as Creoles of color were forced to choose between assigning themselves to the white category, or the fl, although they would have preferred a category describing their mixed genetic ancestry and cultural heritage.
		Creole interviewees noted that such cases of “passing” or of redefining one’s ancestry as “white” represented a useful pre-integration strategy to gain access to otherwise unobtainable opportunities for oneself and one’s children.
	www.cr.nps.gov /archeology/PUBS/studies/study04D.htm (5749 words)

	Regions Central Asia - IIAS Newsletter Online
		Though the Creole Institute with the collaboration of the Creole Language committee is working on a standard form of Creole, the use of this standard form among the masses is slow to catch on as most adults have not been taught Creole at school.
		The Creole Section of the Department of Languages in the Ministry of Education oversees the implementation of teaching in Creole.
		The Ministry of Education reaffirmed its policy towards Seychellois Creole in the 1994 Language Policy Review, stating as its fundamental, immutable tenets: the use of the mother-tongue in the early stages of learning; the progression to English as medium of instruction when the children are ready; the continued development of Creole in schools.
	www.iias.nl /iiasn/22/regions/22ISA1.html (1803 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Browne, Creole Economics
		In Martinique, there are local indicators of creole culture, such as courtship and marriage patterns, gender relations, beliefs about supernatural power, folklore, music, and food—all of which are widely recognized as phenomena originally tied to creole innovations during slavery.
		The practice of creole economics suggests, first, striking continuities in the slave-born longings to be one's own boss and second, adaptive values of cleverness, intelligence, and opportunism.
		Today in Martinique, people who improve their economic situation by finding unauthorized ways to profit are likely to regard themselves as gifted and intelligent and call themselves débrouillards (pronounced day-broo-yards), a French term sharpened in the local setting to carry an illicit edge.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exbrocre.html (3877 words)

	Creole Culture
		The Creoles in the Old South of the United States lived between Baton Rouge, La., and the Gulf Coast, and in small communities in eastern Missouri and southern Alabama.
		Although largely absorbed into the mainstream American culture, Creole traditions survive in Louisiana's Civil Code and its Spanish colonial architecture; in gumbo, pralines, and other specialties of Creole cuisine; and in the New Orleans Mardi Gras festivities.
		The Creole’s were from wealthy society in France and wanted to develop a feudalist society like they had at home.
	www.wsu.edu /~jenrich/English381/381Reports/CreoleCultureAmericanLitReportKelly.htm (369 words)

	The Creole City
		This assumption about the identity of the Creoles is related to the widely used figure of “La Belle Créole.” Whether the name of a tobacco factory, a polka, or a steamboat, the emblematic “Belle Créole” originated in a romanticized and exclusionary representation of Francophone New Orleans.
		Creole New Orleans prided itself on its literary, theatrical and musical institutions-- the city supported several French-language newspapers; ballrooms thrived in a city obsessed with dancing; book and music publishers distributed Francophone cultural production to a larger audience; and several French-language theaters and opera houses nurtured the Creole love of high French culture.
		A high-born Creole lady argued that during the thirty years of Spanish domination, New Orleans Creoles were never forced to dance the fandango, and that she expected the same respect from the newly-arrived Americans.
	www.lib.lsu.edu /special/exhibits/creole/CreoleCity/creolecity.html (2164 words)

	Creole
		It was during that century that the mixed-race Creoles of Color (or gens de couleur libre, "free persons of color") came into their own as an ethnic group, enjoying many of the legal rights and privileges of whites.
		It is generally understood among these Creoles that Creole of Color still refers to Creoles of mixed-race heritage, while the term fl Creole refers to Creoles of more or less pure African descent.
		Creoles of African descent exerted a strong influence on Cajun culture (and vice versa), affecting, for example, the Cajuns' music, foodways, and religious practices.
	www.cajunculture.com /Other/creole.htm (548 words)

	Hotel Mopan... Our People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Creole people are considered to be people of mixed heritage..
		The Garinagu people live mainly in Hopkins, Dangriga, and Seine Bight and their language is a mixture of African, Indian, Spanish and English.
		And, the most beautiful element of their culture, besides their language and people are their drumming, dancing and trance states.
	www.hotelmopan.com /ourpeople.htm (707 words)

	Creoles - Who we are
		The Spanish adopted the word "Creole" to denote their own, who were born in the New World and the French, later copied this word form the Spanish.
		The descendants of the White French aristocracy who settled New Orleans also adopted this word "Creole." However in Louisiana, since it was already in use by frenchmen of European extraction it became known to refer to white French men as well as people of color of New Orleans.
		The Creole (people of color) living in Louisiana during the time, inter-mixed with Black slaves, Indian and Acadian people who were already here or who had settled in Louisiana.
	www.frenchcreoles.com /CreolesWeAre.html (613 words)

	CREOLE CULTURE AND LANGUAGE IN THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN : Indymedia Colombia
		Forbes and Mitchell (1992) consider that the great majority of the fl educated people in the National culture are the worse enemies of their own culture and language.
		The claim of a piece of land is made on the consideration that someone has own the land for a period of more than twenty years but does not have a document, either because he has never got one, has never registered the land or that the registry disappeared with the burning of the Palace.
		Now we are a group of people in process of extinction and in the future it will not be studied by linguists; but historians and anthropologist that will give account of the reasons and causes of our extermination.
	colombia.indymedia.org /news/2005/05/25461.php (4434 words)

	Creole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As to making creole the primary language of the country and have French and English become secondary languages, I think that it would be a grave mistake for several reasons: 1) Haiti is a tiny country entirely and increasingly dependent on commerce with the outside world for its material survival.
		The Creole Institute at Indiana University is recognized as the only center in the United States that is equipped to deal in depth with linguistic and related educational issues in Haiti.
		Because of my traveling to Haiti, i did have to learn to speak Creole, it is one of the most beautiful language i have ever spoken, thru it i did have the chance to be in contact with your the Haitian people, your history and all the great things that your country has.
	www.haitiglobalvillage.com /sd-kreyol/Creole.htm (6271 words)

	A Creole American Article
		THE CATHOLIC CHURCH (90% of the Creole people are Catholic) and other churches were commissioned by the President and Congress in the 1800's to record the births and deaths pf their parishes to keep records straight.
		In addition to the formulation of the colony of "Creole", people of the land were also forming a civilization of Free People Taking their knowledge and skills and binding them together to form a Culture.
		Creole parents that are near the age of 40 are about to become grandparents to the future Creoles of America.
	www.brothermichael.com /cajun/creole (2947 words)

	kiskeyAcity: What Exactly is a Creole?
		In Haiti, mixed-race people are called Mulatto or Grimo but not Creole--despite what a recent Village Voice article seemed to imply-- and Creole designates the French-derived language spoken by all of the population, French proper only being the second most spoken language.
		So in short, the lowest common denominator in defining Creole is that it is said of an entity (person or non-person depending on the country) that results from a mixture of cultures, at least one of which is French.
		as far as describing people, in my experience learning and teaching caribbean history, people tend to refer to creoles to name those who were born in the new world (at a time when such folks were not in the majority and a time when such folks were often of "mixed race" background).
	kiskeyacity.blogspot.com /2005/10/what-exactly-is-creole_04.html (1144 words)

	Latest News 69 (28 Oct 99)
		ROTUMA (Fiji): The people of Rotuma in the South Pacific were excited to receive their first Bible - the product of 23 years of translation work.
		CHINA, People's Republic of: In August, the number of Bibles produced by the Amity Press at Nanjing exceeded 22 million; permission has been granted to print and distribute another 300,000 Bibles.
		Fifteen years in the making, the Creole New Testament with selected Psalms was launched on October 10, and is poised to play a major role in what the country's Prime Minister has described as a "quiet revolution" to give the Creole language and culture the legitimacy it deserves.
	www.biblesociety.org /latestnews/latest69.html (2060 words)

	Creole (people) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Creole (people) - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Creole (people), term first used in the 16th century in Latin America to distinguish the offspring of European settlers from Native Americans,...
		Since colonization at least two creolized languages, Kriol in the Top End of the Northern Territory and Broken in Cape York Peninsula, have developed...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Creole_(people).html (117 words)

	Louisiana Weekly - Your Community. Your Newspaper.
		The theme for the conference was "Arts and Literature: Contributions of the Creole People," and several workshops focused on the contributions of the Creole people, especially in music and writing.
		"Basically, Creoles are of color," Cherrie said, "A Creole is a term that has been used by different groups." Much of the confusion arises in the term "Creole" because slave records were detailed about races, but used varying terms to describe people of mixed color.
		LA CREOLE hopes to explore and discuss all of these options for Creole heritage and views the Creoles as the first citizens of Louisiana.
	www.louisianaweekly.com /weekly/news/articlegate.pl?20050822j (563 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:BZI
		Creole people tend to live along the coast or other waterways.
		Dahufra was a creole used in the 16th to 18th centuries.
		The first language of the Creole people and most Carib; the second language of most Miskito and some Spanish speakers.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=BZI (330 words)

	Haitians: Their History and Culture
		As a rule, the pronunciation of monolingual Creole speakers is taken as a standard.
		In the recent standardization of Creole orthography, great effort was made to make the sound–symbol correspondence consistent for ease in the acquisition of literacy skills.
		The lexicon of Haitian Creole is derived primarily (90%) from French.
	www.culturalorientation.net /haiti/hcreole.html (836 words)

	Partnering and Managing for Excellence: Cane River Creole National Historical Park
		Set in the deep shadows of pecan and live oak trees, the 63 historic structures of Oakland and Magnolia Plantations are textured with the craftsmanship, resourcefulness, and remembrance of Cane River's cultures.
		In a broad, anthropological sense, "Creole" is the adaptation of French, Spanish, African and American Indian people to each other in a shared locale.
		During this time of intense preservation, tours of the plantations are given variously by different experts from within the park staff, including the archeologist, chief interpreter, superintendent, and a carpenter from the historic preservation crew.
	www.nps.gov /parkoftheweek/cari.htm (656 words)

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