
	Where results make sense

Topic: Cretaceous Seaway

In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Cretaceous Summary
		The Cretaceous period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic period, about 146 million years ago (Ma), to the beginning of the Paleocene epoch of the Tertiary period (65.5 Ma); as the longest period, the Cretaceous constitutes nearly half of the Mesozoic.
		The Cretaceous (from Latin creta, for chalk) was named for the extensive beds of chalk (calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates) found in the upper Cretaceous of Great Britain (including the White Cliffs of Dover) and adjacent continental Europe.
		Pterosaurs were common in the early and middle Cretaceous, but as the Cretaceous proceeded faced growing competition from the adaptive radiation of birds, and by the end of the period only two highly specialised families remained.
	www.bookrags.com /Cretaceous (4117 words)

	Dakota--FY89--Regional Stratigraphy
		Cretaceous strata along the western margin of the seaway in Colorado, Wyoming and Utah are far more extensively and recently studied than time-equivalent strata in Kansas.
		Lower Cretaceous strata in Kansas and Colorado were deposited in the Western Interior seaway, a foreland basin adjacent to the Sevier orogenic belt in Utah (Kauffman, 1977).
		The Upper Cretaceous Graneros Shale is defined in central Kansas outcrop as consisting in the lower part of medium dark-grey, noncalcareous, silty and sandy shale with numerous sandstone beds, and in the upper part of medium dark-grey silty shale with calcareous sandstone and beds of Inoceramus prisms (Hattin, 1965).
	www.kgs.ku.edu /Dakota/vol3/fy89/rep06.htm (0 words)

	Western Interior Seaway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Western Interior Seaway, also called the Cretaceous Seaway and the North American Inland Sea, was a huge inland sea that split the continent of North America into two halves during most of the early and mid-Cretaceous Period.
		With high eustatic sea levels existing worldwide during the Cretaceous, waters from the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Gulf of Mexico in the south met and flooded the central lowlands, forming a sea that transgressed (grew) and regressed (receded) over the course of the Cretaceous.
		There was little sedimentation on the eastern shores of the Seaway; the western boundary however, consists of a thick clastic wedge eroded eastward from the Sevier orogenic belt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_Interior_Seaway (0 words)

	Historical Geology - Chapter 14
		A global rise in sea level during the Cretaceous, due to higher heat flow and increased rates of spreading led to worldwide transgressions (Zuni Sequence Early Jurassic to Paleocene), otherwise most of the N. American craton during the Mesozoic was above sea level.
		Evaporite formation ceases in the Jurassic and the area is covered by northward transgressing seas during the Cretaceous.
		Cretaceous arctic waters enter the craton from the north to create the Cretaceous Interior Seaway.
	www.umd.umich.edu /casl/natsci/geology/G218W03/notes/G218W03-L14.html (0 words)

	THE PEMBINA ESCARPMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The shales and carbonates of the Cretaceous formations, exposed today in the deep gullies and valleys of the Pembina Escarpment, were deposited in a seaway that connected the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico about 90 million years ago.
		Cretaceous seaway, in western North Dakota and Montana, was the habitat of duck-billed dinosaurs, Triceratops, and Tyrannosaurs.
		Undercutting of the Cretaceous formations by spring sapping, coupled with erosion by the early Red River, resulted in the westward migration of the route of the river and the formation of Pembina Escarpment.
	www.state.nd.us /ndgs/pembina/Pembina.htm (1222 words)

	CHAPTER 14 (Lecture #1)
		The western part of the seaway contained a great clastic wedge which graded westward (that is, towards the Siever Highlands) from fl shale with thin limestone layers and volcanic ash through massive conglomerates and into thick, massive, cross stratified sandstone containing coal seams.
		The Cretaceous worldwide transgression is attributed to acceleration of seafloor spreading during this period, which caused the enlargement of ocean ridges.
		Widespread uniformity of Cretaceous plants indicates a lack of sharp climatic zonation of the continent.
	www.uh.edu /~geos6g/1376/mesogeol14.html (0 words)

	Paleogeography
		Lawrence Lawver and Ian Dalziel of the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) are Principal Investigators of the PLATES Project.
		The Western Interior Seaway is an ancient intracontinental seaway that occupied much of modern western North America and existed throughout much of the Cretaceous Period.
		Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of Northeast Texas provide important clues about paleogeography, paleotectonics, and sea level fluctuation.
	serc.carleton.edu /research_education/cretaceous/paleogeography.html (2963 words)

	U-Haul Supergraphics - Archelon
		Early in the Cretaceous period, a global warming had just begun, seasonality was low, no polar ice was present, sea levels were high and the oceans were warm.
		The Western Interior Seaway hosted an abundance of ferocious reptiles and swimming dinosaurs, while the surrounding land was home to a diverse variety of prehistoric creatures and dinosaurs.
		While still debated, the primary cause for the mass extinction of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago is believed to be a giant asteroid that collided with the Earth at 45,000 miles per hour.
	www.uhaul.com /supergraphics/turtle/cretaceous.html (513 words)

	Latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Paleogeographic Map of Western North America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The two main late Cretaceous rock formations of the Montana part of the sea are called the Bearpaw shale (representing off-shore depostion) and the Foxhills Formation (representing near-shore and beach deposition).
		But during the latest Cretaceous (the time of the deposition of the Hell Creek Formation), the seaway had retreated both southward and eastward, and was then roughly 100 miles to the east (see illustration above).
		Scientists call the body of water that lay to the east of the Hell Creek landscape the "Western Interior Seaway", an epieric sea.
	www.scn.org /~bh162/maas.html (539 words)

	Tour of the murals Pt. 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Cretaceous mural depicts life in the Interior Seaway as interpreted with the help of fossils from the Pierre Shale.
		Animals shown in this view are, from left to right, nautiloid cephalopods (similar to the living pearly nautilus), the straight-shelled caphalopod Baculites, the giant clam Inoceramus, various fishes, and several long-necked plesiosaurs, one battling with a mosasaur.
		Some paleontologists believe that the large size of these creatures was an adaptation for life in the murky bottom waters of the Cretaceous Seaway.
	www.csc.edu /geoscience/MURALS1.HTM (326 words)

	Western Interior Seaway
		The Western Interior Seaway, stretched from the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.
		During the Cretaceous the Seaway was very dynamic, it's levels and boundaries shifting constantly, depositing cyclical sequences of sediments that geologists call cyclothems.
		Large volumes of sediments were carried by streams, rivers and wind to the Seaway.
	www.discoverfossils.com /Geology/WesternInteriorSeaway.html (0 words)

	Cretaceous Fossils: References Mo to Mz
		Cretaceous and Tertiary Rocks of the Southern Colorado Plateau.
		Foraminifera and Ostracoda from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas.
		The Atlas of the Upper Cretaceous Fauna of the North Caucasus and Crimea.
	www.cretaceousfossils.com /library/references_mo_to_mz.htm (2255 words)

	All Things Cretaceous
		The Cretaceous collection was created to allow students and teachers alike to explore the complex relationships between physical Earth, changing climate and sea level, biota (evolving and extinct), and implications for modern society that are related to this amazing period of Earth's history.
		The Cretaceous Collection was designed primarily for undergraduate and graduate level instructors and students.
		This virtual tour of the Sternberg Museum of Natural History covers a broad range of Cretaceous fauna with emphasis on marine life of the Western Interior Seaway.
	serc.carleton.edu /research_education/cretaceous/index.html (1178 words)

	U-Haul Supergraphics - Archelon
		Throughout most of the Cretaceous period, rapid sea-floor spreading contributed to a rise in global sea levels.
		The seaway's coastlines, depth and length fluctuated throughout the Cretaceous period.
		One such layer is known as the Pierre Shale Formation, which was created in the late Cretaceous period, 65 to 80 million years ago when the Western Interior Seaway was shrinking.
	www.uhaul.com /supergraphics/turtle/seaway.html (279 words)

	Portable Planetariums Home More than a Portable Planetarium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Cretaceous period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic period (about 146 MYA) to the beginning of the Paleocene epoch of the Tertiary period (65.5 mya).
		The Cretaceous (from Latin creta, for chalk) was named for the extensive beds of chalk (calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates) found in the upper Cretaceous of Britain and adjacent continental Europe.
		During the Cretaceous, Texas' climate was similar to modern tropical coastal wetlands and lagoons, extending along the Cretaceous Seaway that filled the center of North America.
	www.planetarios.com /mesozoico.htm (0 words)

	Frewens Sandstone Frontpage
		FREWENS SANDSTONE, WYOMING, U.S.A. The Upper Cretaceous Frewens is the basal member of the Frontier Formation on the western margin of the Powder River Basin.
		The Frontier Formation is an Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Turonian) clastic wedge that prograded eastward from the Sevier mountain belt into the adjacent foreland basin.
		Units of the Frontier record the progradation of lowstand shorelines across the low-gradient floor of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway and subsequent transgressions.
	www.beg.utexas.edu /indassoc/crg/frewens.htm (0 words)

	MZ rev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Warm, humid climates in the Cretaceous are reflected in abundant coal beds.
		By the Cretaceous - the large increased rate of sea floor spreading displaced ocean waters onto the continent, resulting in a major transgression.
		This is called the Cretaceous Interior Seaway and is the most extensive flooding of North America since the Ordovician.
	www.epcc.edu /facultypages/deborahc/MZrev.html (0 words)

	Cretsum.html
		So, the Cretaceous is the second period in earth history where coal formation was abundant.
		One of the characteristic features of Cretaceous stratigraphy is the presence of thick beds of fl shale.
		The Late Cretaceous is also the largest extinction event in the biosphere: dinosaurs wiped out, calcareous nannoplankton and forams nearly so, gymnosperms and angiosperms nearly so, marine reptiles, many benthic marine organisms).
	www.uvm.edu /~cmehrten/courses/historical/Cretsum.html (0 words)

	Geol 405 Week 16 Monday
		On the west, an active continental margin was bounded by a volcanic arc and a margin sea basin.
		By the Cretaceous this basin was fully formed and the east coast has passed from rifting to a fully mature passive margin.
		Stratigraphy in the Interior Seaway was controlled by (a) tectonic activity to the west (sediment supply), (b) Isostatic subsidence from tectonic loading to the west (accomodation space), (c) variation in global sea-level.
	jove.geol.niu.edu /faculty/loubere/G40516M04.htm (0 words)

	Prehistoric Sea Cretaceous plesiosaurus pliosaurus Mosasaurus Kronosaurus Elasmosaurus Archelon Tylosaurus Safari ...
		In the Late Cretaceous, the interior seaway of North America was extremely active, and squid were seemingly common animals; five species have been described, but the largest of all were Niobrarateuthis bonneri, Niobrarateuthis walkeri and Tusoteuthis longa.
		Early Cretaceous Kronosaurus has been projected up to 13 meters (43 feet), but recent studies of its fossil skull and other parts, and comparisons with other pliosaurs, suggest that the true length was probably only 9–10 meters (30–33 feet).
		In the Late Cretaceous, the Western Interior Seaway reached as far north as the Arctic Sea and as far south as the Gulf of Mexico; completely dividing the eastern and western landmasses of what we now call North America.
	www.dinosaurcollector.150m.com /cret_sea.html (1002 words)

	M. J. Everhart's Marine Reptile References:
		A new plesiosaur, Leurospondylus, from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta.
		A new armored dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Kansas.
		An immature specimen of Baptornis advenus from the Cretaceous of Kansas.
	www.oceansofkansas.com /rep-refs.html (11179 words)

	Post-conference Trip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Combined with regional correlation, based on well logs and cores, which will be demonstrated during the trip, the outcrop data provide insight into the large-scale relationships among the stratigraphic units and thus allows us to appreciate the relationships between tectonic-driven processes, such as the basin-floor subsidence and basin physiography, sediment supply, and possible eustatic forcing.
		Partial inversion (largely transpressional) of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin which took place during the ?latest Cretaceous and Paleogene, is well recorded by multi-phase deformation along the Luzice (Lausitz) Fault Zone near Mala Skala.
		Classical exposures of this part of the northern margin of the largest sub-basin of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin system will be examined during the trip as well.
	www.ig.cas.cz /activities/post_trip.htm (0 words)

	North American Cretaceous Decapods
		During the Cretaceous the configuration of the world ocean and continents of the Earth was different than the geography of today.
		Several phosphatic assemblages are known outside the Western Interior seaway including the Merchantville Assemblage from the C and D Canal in Delaware and the Braggs Assemblage from the Ripley Formation south of Montgomery, Alabama.
		Because of the number of repeated Dakoticancer assemblages in the Western Interior Cretaceous and the patterns of evolution within lineages, emigration events, and homeomorphy, it is possible to trace the evolution of an epifaunal benthic decapod community through the late Cretaceous of North America.
	museum.sdsmt.edu /CV/k_deca.htm (1076 words)

	Cretaceous Giant Squid
		Upper Cretaceous “teuthid” remains are very poorly known from North America; as an example the trachyteuthid Actinosepia canadensis is the most common specimen and this is known from just 25 examples (1987 figure).
		This seaway is thought to have been very shallow, generally less than 600 feet deep, with a flat muddy bottom.
		Adolf Naef identified this group in 1921 but he later admitted that he had not examined the actual gladius fossils themselves when assigning Tusoteuthis to the Paleololiginidae and was working from a description; Nichols and Isaac revised the family to the Kelaenidae in 1987.
	www.tonmo.com /science/fossils/cretaceousGS.php (3040 words)

	Peabody Museum: Invertebrate Paleontology, Fossil of the Month February 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The free-floating crinoid Uintacrinus socialis Grinnell is from the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara chalks in western Kansas.
		During Late Cretaceous time (65 to 140 million years ago) western Kansas was covered with a quiet, shallow-water continental or epeiric sea.
		The occurrence of numerous Uintacrinus socialis probably represents a sudden change in the Cretaceous seaway causing a massive death to the crinoids, allowing them to settle and be covered by a calcareous ooze.
	www.yale.edu /ypmip/fmonth (101 words)

	xiphactinus
		Xiphactinus which is the largest bony fish of the Cretaceous, sometimes getting up to 20 feet (one of the largest ones was discovered in the same Cretaceous seaway in Western Kansas).
		Cretaceous vertebrate fossil of Iowa, and nearby areas of Nebraska, South Dakota, and Minnesota.
		Cretaceous Stratigraphy and sedimentation in Northwest Iowa, Northeast Nebraska, and Southeast South Dakota.
	homepages.dordt.edu /~mahaffy/paleo/fish/xiphactinus.html (372 words)

	SEMP - Kansas Submerged! Western Interior Sea Transgression as Polar Ice Melted, Elevating Sea Levels Worldwide
		Later, in the late Cretaceous, the Gulf of Mexico, which was an extension of the Tethys Sea, moved northward to complete the seaway.
		In the clear waters of the middle of the great seaway during the Cretaceous lived billions of microscopic organisms with calcium carbonate shells (calcareous algae) whose delicate carcasses sank to the bottom of the seaway to produce the thick layers of limestone and chalk observed today.
		Thick Cretaceous chalk beds and limestones are distributed throughout the world because of the Cretaceous climate and oceans of the era.
	www.semp.us /biots/biot_385.html (2219 words)

	ELASMO.COM Fossil - Paleo-faunas: Cretaceous of Utah
		Buried in the background would be the marine environment of the southeastern portions of the state - the realm of mosasaurs, plesiosaurs and sharks.
		This portion of the state harbored a fauna similar to that found elsewhere in the Inland Cretaceous Seaway.
		These deposits from the western margin of the Inland Cretaceous Seaway would be relatively deep-water, offshore deposits dating to the late Cenomanian through Middle Turonian.
	www.elasmo.com /paleo/fauna/ut_cret.html (1207 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)