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Topic: Crewed space mission

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	Space Program and Television
		The space program was a Puritan narrative, with its crew-cut NASA technocrats tirelessly striving toward the Moon, and a Western narrative, with lone heroes conquering a formidable new frontier (from mostly western facilities).
		Between the last Skylab mission and the first Space Shuttle orbital mission in 1981, the only crewed space flight was Apollo-Soyuz in 1975, an odd public relations stunt intended as a tangible demonstration of detente with the Soviet Union.
		Coverage of the long delayed first Shuttle space flight in 1981 was as abundant as in 1960s missions, and occasionally reminiscent of 1960s coverage for its cold war rhetoric--including the breathless reporting of a Soviet spy ship lurking off the coast as the Shuttle Columbia returned from orbit.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/S/htmlS/spaceprogram/spaceprogram.htm (1676 words)

	Crewed Spacecraft Accidents - Table - MSN Encarta
		Komarov was killed instantly; he was the first person to die in a space mission.
		Having completed a record-breaking 23 days in space, most of it aboard the USSR's first space station, Salyut 1, Georgi Dobrovolsky, Vladimir Volkov and Viktor Patsayev were killed in space just before reentry when the cabin of Soyuz 11 sprang a leak.
		The explosion was a result of a leak in one of the space shuttle's two solid rocket boosters.
	encarta.msn.com /media_701500560/Crewed_Spacecraft_Accidents.html (603 words)

	Human spaceflight - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Human spaceflight is space exploration with a human crew and possibly passengers, which is in contrast to robotic space probes or remotely-controlled unmanned space missions.
		Apollo 10 was the next mission, and it tested the lunar landing craft in lunar orbit without actually landing.
		Missions carried out by the United States are both governmental (NASA) and civilian (Scaled Composites, a California-based company).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manned_space_mission (554 words)

	Human spaceflight - TheBestLinks.com - Crewed space mission, Apollo 8, Astronaut, April 12, ...
		Crewed space mission, Human spaceflight, Apollo 8, Astronaut, April 12, Apollo...
		Traditionally, these endeavours have been referred to as manned space missions, although today some prefer to use the term crewed space missions because they consider manned to be sexist.
		The first mission beyond Earth orbit was Apollo 8 in which the crew orbited the moon, the next Apollo 10 which tested the lunar landing craft in lunar orbit without actually landing.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Crewed_space_mission.html (429 words)

	Final Gallery
		In preparation for crewed missions, in 2007, three cargo launches will be made to a common Mars landing site where each mission will add to previous established infrastructure.
		Crew safety is one of the first considerations as there will always be concern about the risks on any space mission, whether during launch, in-transit travel time, orbital maneuvering, or atmospheric entry.
		The energy usage for this type of mission is the lowest of the three profiles, but the trade-off is the long transit time, which further compounds the effects of zero-g and radiation exposure.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /has/Students/finalGall.cfm?id=1092 (1170 words)

	Space Station \| Station \| Astronaut Training
		For instance, after sustaining autonomous space operations for 30 days explorers will be able to leave the space station for a journey to the moon and possibly set up a lunar outpost.
		For mission specialists and pilot astronaut candidates, the education and experience requirements are at least a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution in engineering, biological science, physical science, or mathematics.
		Mission specialists have similar requirements to pilot astronauts, except that the qualifying physical is a NASA Class II space physical, which is similar to a military of civilian Class II flight physical and includes the following specific standards: for vision-distance visual acuity - 20/200 or better uncorrected, correctable to 20/20, each eye.
	www.pbs.org /spacestation/station/training.htm (802 words)

	Valentin Lebedev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lebedev was a graduate of the Higher Air Force School in Orenburg with a doctorate in technical sciences.
		He was the flight engineer for the Soyuz 13 mission the following year, and for the Soyuz T-5 mission to the Salyut 7 space station in 1982.
		His Diary of a Cosmonaut: 211 Days in Space, provides a rare glipse of what life on board the Salyut 7 was like for the Cosmonauts who lived and worked there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Valentin_Lebedev (181 words)

	Space Mission Patches - Skylab Index
		The Skylab 2 crew rescued the damaged Orbital Workshop by erecting a giant parasol to shade the station from the sun, and by freeing the stuck solar panel.
		The Skylab 3 crew successfully carried out a 59-day mission, which included installing a replacement sun shade during a 6-1/2 hour space walk; test flight of an astronaut maneuvering unit inside the workshop (an AMU was flown during Gemini, but never tested) and numerous scientific studies.
		Physiological and psychological aspects of long-duration missions were tested, and observations of Comet Kohoutek were made, in addition to an ambitious set of scientific investigations.
	www.genedorr.com /patches/IndexSk.html (307 words)

	Spaceflight :Men and Women of Space
		At the end of their mission, the Soyuz 11 crew returned to Earth, but were found dead in the space vehicle after landing.
		The first crewed flight of the mighty Saturn V moon rocket lifted-off on December 21, 1968, with the Apollo 8 spacecraft carrying astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders on a three-day journey to the Moon.
		Colonel Eileen M. Collins was the first woman to command a space mission on the STS-93 flight of Shuttle Columbia in 1999, a mission that deployed the Chandra X-Ray Observatory.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/SPACEFLIGHT/people/SP48.htm (1906 words)

	Yang Liwei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		He was chosen from the final of 14 Chinese astronauts to fly on first manned space mission.
		He was launched into space aboard his Shenzhou 5 spacecraft atop a Long March 2F rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 01h00 UTC (09h00 local) on October 15 2003.
		Yang Liwei is however not the first of Chinese origin in space as Shanghai -born Taylor Wang flew on the Space Shuttle mission STS-51-B in 1985.
	www.freeglossary.com /Yang_Liwei (609 words)

	SPACE.com --
		Atlantis and a crew of six astronauts are set to fly an 11-day assembly mission to the International Space Station.
		Veteran shuttle astronaut Brent Jett is commanding Atlantis' STS-115 mission, which is aimed at hauling a new pair of solar arrays to the ISS along with a 17.5-ton integrated truss segment for installation on the orbital laboratory's port-most side.
		Following the Apollo program the space center was given a makeover and now serves as the launch and landing base for NASA's fleet of space shuttles.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/launches/next_launch.html (429 words)

	A Brief History of Space Exploration
		Skylab, America’s first space station, was a human-spaceflight highlight of the 1970s, as was the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, the world’s first internationally crewed (American and Russian) space mission.
		In April 1981 the launch of the space shuttle Columbia ushered in a period of reliance on the reusable shuttle for most civilian and military space missions.
		Space systems will continue to become more and more integral to homeland defense, weather surveillance, communication, navigation, imaging, and remote sensing for chemicals, fires and other disasters.
	www.aero.org /education/primers/space/history.html (795 words)

	Spaceflight :The International Space Station and Its Predecessors
		space shuttle” to affordably transport crews and supplies to a permanent orbiting space station were NASA's immediate post-Apollo priority; however, Congress was unwilling to fund such an ambitious effort and approved only the construction of a Space Shuttle in 1972.
		Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-98 in February 2001 transported the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module to the orbiting outpost and its astronauts relocated the Pressurized Mating Adapter 2 from the end of Unity to the end of Destiny to set the stage for future Shuttle missions.
		The Space Station's joint airlock, named Quest, was installed by the crew of Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-104 in July 2001, followed in September 2001 by the launch of an uncrewed Russian Soyuz rocket with the Russian Pirs Docking Compartment 1 and the Strela boom.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/SPACEFLIGHT/space_station/SP27.htm (2031 words)

	Definition of Manned space mission
		Traditionally, these endeavours have been referred to as manned space missions, although today some prefer to use the term crewed or piloted space missions because they consider manned to be sexist, though it only denotes gender in one of several definitions of the word.
		The missions that landed were Apollo 11-17, except 13, hence together six missions, with each time three astronauts of which two landed on the Moon.
		With regard to Earth orbits, perhaps the highest was that of the Gemini 11 in 1966: 1374 km.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Manned_space_mission (614 words)

	Manned space mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Human spaceflight is space exploration with a human crew, and possibly passengers (in contrast to unmanned space missions which are remotely-controlled orrobotic space probes).
		Traditionally, these endeavours have been referred to as manned space missions, althoughtoday some prefer to use the term crewed space missions because they consider manned to be sexist.
		Human spaceflight missions beyond Earth orbit have been carried out by the United States only: to the Moon.
	www.therfcc.org /manned-space-mission-46107.html (319 words)

	collectSPACE - news - "Space history shaped 2003 events"
		With statements circulating about moon missions and space stations, not to mention concerns over the communist nation's military plans, it appeared a new power in space was beginning to stretch its muscle.
		The crew return vehicle evolved into the Orbital Space Plane, though despite its name, the leading candidates at the end of the year still retained their capsule designs.
		Coupled with the trial of four students found guilty of lifting (literally) a 600 pound safe filled with Apollo recovered moon rocks from NASA Johnson Space Center and the return of an acrylic encased lunar sample to Honduras after it was stolen, the nation's archives began increasing the barriers between public and their artifacts.
	www.collectspace.com /news/news-123103a.html (894 words)

	Shenzhou 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Shenzhou 5 (神舟五号) was the first manned space mission launched by the People's Republic of China (PRC) on October 15 2003.
		The launch of the Shenzhou is result of a manned space program which in 1992.
		Neither the launch nor the reentry was live and it is widely believed that was due to government fears that a could create an embarrassment but the time both launch and reentry launch had been announced beforehand and news appeared on Chinese Central Television within minutes after both events.
	www.freeglossary.com /Shenzhou_5 (492 words)

	We Are Not the First
		Skylab, the first American space program wholly dedicated to scientific research, was staffed by three crews who performed hundreds of experiments for more than 171 days from May 1973 to February 1974.
		Their objectives were to complete scientific research on board human-tended space complexes in the interests of science and the Soviet national economy; and the testing of advanced systems and apparatus for orbital stations.
		Designed for long-duration missions, Skylab Program objectives were twofold: (1) to prove that humans could live and work in space for extended periods, and (2) to expand our knowledge of solar astronomy well beyond Earth-based observations.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /HAS/cirr/ss/4/2.cfm (1125 words)

	Manned space mission : Manned space missions
		A manned space mission is a space exploration mission with human crew, and possibly passengers (in contrast to unmanned space missions which are remotely-controlled or robotic space probes).
		In addition, China has announced to carry out a manned space mission before the end of 2003.
		The first manned space mission was the Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made one orbit around the earth.
	www.fastload.org /ma/Manned_space_missions.html (199 words)

	APOGEE Newsletter
		Despite the cancellation of the mission, this significant international co-operation has opened new doors thanks to the data that were gathered as the satellite made its way toward Mars.
		Canada’s participation in exploratory missions to Mars is a source of inspiration for youth, the scientific community and Canadian industry.
		Nozomi carried a Canadian instrument: the Thermal Plasma Analyser (TPA), whose mission was to study the Martian atmosphere and its interaction with the solar wind.
	www.space.gc.ca /asc/eng/apogee/2004/01_mars.asp (790 words)

	Designing and Using Crewed Space Missions and Systems
		This workshop provides an integrated view of challenges crewed space mission operations and design, discipline from mission objectives and requirements definition, through spacecraft design, development, and test, to creating mission operations concepts and ground infrastructure capabilities.
		The thrust of the workshop is that the space mission architectures for different missions should be compatible and provide the users of the systems with what they need in the most cost-effective manner.
		Workshop presentations on mission operations describe the functions to be performed, define and evaluate the key issues, help you develop an appropriate operations concept, and assess the complexity and cost of operations.
	www.aticourses.com /designing_crewed_space.htm (658 words)

	China launches manned space mission: Xinhua
		Scientifically, there is not much China can do with a man in space that could not have been done with an unmanned space program, but that is missing the point, they said.
		The Chinese space program is hugely popular at home, and working for mission control is a dream job for many scientists, even if they could earn much higher salaries in the private sector.
		With a man in space, the momentum will be there for China's program to move ahead at a brisk pace, according to observers.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/china-03zm.html (724 words)

	Human Spaceflight Mission Analysis and Design (Softback) [Wiley J. Larson and Linda K. Pranke - 1999] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Space Mission Analysis and Design (Third Edition) (Softback) [James R. Wertz and Wiley J. Larson, eds.
		Space Mission Analysis and Design (Third Edition) (Hardback) [James R. Wertz and Wiley J. Larson, eds.
		The problems and solutions were written to help study the broad concept of space mission design and tie many disciplines together.
	www.astrobooks.com /browseproducts/Human-Spaceflight-Mission-Analysis-and-Design-(Softback)-[Wiley-J.-Larson-and-Linda-K.-Pranke---1999].HTML (272 words)

	Crewed Charters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Maori 21: lingsealers and whalingwhalers, some even crewed on their ships.
		Trireme 50: Crewed by 170 volunteer oarsmen and oarswomen, the ''Oly
		CG-4 Hadrian 7: structed of fabric-covered wood and metal and was crewed by a pilot and copilot.
	www.elusiveeye.com /side4562-crewed-charters.html (376 words)

	SPACE.com --
		Eric Anderson, president of Space Adventures, a company that is marketing future space tourist flights, said this morning: "Things are happening at a faster clip, faster than what the public expected.
		SpaceShipOne was piloted by Mike Melvill last week in its first X Prize flight, and Melvill flew the craft in its maiden voyage to space in June.
		In a frightening mission that could nonetheless herald a new era of space tourism, a privately built, three-person rocket ship flew to space and back today.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/xprize_full_coverage.html (1246 words)

	China’s pair of spacemen land safely - space - 17 October 2005 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The successful mission, followed for the past 115 hours by millions of people across China, marked another step in China's progress as an emerging space power.
		He hailed the mission as a milestone: "It is of great significance in elevating China's prestige in the world and promoting China's economic, scientific and national defence capabilities, and its national cohesiveness."
		Its first was the Shenzhou V mission in October 2003, which made it the third nation to put a person into space, after the former Soviet Union and the US.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn8167&feedId=space_rss20 (602 words)

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