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| | Class, Crime, and Film Noir: Labor, the Fugitive Outsider, and the Anti-Authoritarian Tradition - Questia Online Library |
 | | In the mid-1940s in Hollywood, a series of films validated not the gangster or organized crime, but the ordinary citizen, both working and middle class, who, either through the conditions of his or her everyday life, or, arbitrarily, seemingly by chance, ran afoul of the law. |
 | | These films, with their dark, gloomy city streets and constant images of horizontal lines and bars framing down-on-their-luck lead characters, are most often referred to as film noir. |
 | | The films represent a moment of resistance to an increasingly centralized and anti-labor state and, later, a critique of a rapacious economic system whose representatives waged a frontal assault on Depression-era collective values of the 1930s and those of the wartime period of the 1940s. |
| www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=5002002080 (684 words) |
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