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Topic: Crimean Goths

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	Goths - LoveToKnow 1911
		GOTHS (Gotones, later Gothis), a Teutonic people who in the 1 st century of the Christian era appear to have inhabited the middle part of the basin of the Vistula.
		In the case of the Goths a connexion with Gotland is not unlikely, since it is clear from archaeological evidence that this island had an extensive trade with the coasts about the mouth of the Vistula in early times.
		In Theodoric's theory the Goth was the armed protector of the peaceful Roman; the Gothic king had the toil of government, while the Roman consul had the honour.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Goths (5855 words)

	Goths - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Goths were briefly reunited under one crown in the early sixth century under Theodoric the Great, who became regent of the Visigothic kingdom following the death of Alaric II at the Battle of Vouillé in 507.
		The Goths are believed to have crossed the Baltic Sea sometime between the end of this period, ca 300 BC, and 100, and in the traditional province of Ostrogothia, in Sweden, archaeological evidence shows that there was a general depopulation during this period.
		The Goths' relationship with Sweden became an important part of Swedish nationalism, and until the 19th century the view that the Swedes were the direct descendants of the Goths was common.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Goths (3233 words)

	Crimea Encyclopedia Article @ PopularCrime.com (Popular Crime) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The ethnicity of the Crimean Tatars is quite complex as it absorbed both nomadic Turkic and European components (in the first place, the Goths and the Genoese) which is still reflected in their apperance and language differences.
		Crimean Tatars had to flee from their homeland en masse, forced by the conditions created by the war, persecution and land expropriations.
		In 1967, the Crimean Tatars were rehabilitated, but they were banned from legally returning to their homeland until the last days of the Soviet Union.
	www.popularcrime.com /encyclopedia/Crimea (2561 words)

	Crimean Goths - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crimean Goths were those Gothic tribes who remained in the lands around the Black Sea, especially in Crimea.
		Nonetheless, Crimean Gothic language texts from this region exist as late as the late 1500’s and Gothic communities appear to have survived intact until the late 1700’s, when many were deported by Catherine the Great.
		Vasiliev, Aleksandr A. The Goths in the Crimea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crimean_Goths (326 words)

	Crimean - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Crimean
		It was the scene of conflict between Russia and a coalition of Britain, France, Turkey, and Sardinia in the Crimean War (1853–56).
		In a referendum organized by the regional soviet (council) in 1991, citizens of the Crimean peninsula voted overwhelmingly in favour of restoring Crimea as an autonomous republic independent of the Ukraine.
		In September 1994 the pro-Russian president of Crimea, Yuri Meshkov, disbanded the Crimean parliament and ordered a new constitution to be drafted, but a resolution passed by the Ukrainian parliament in March 1995 abolished Crimea's constitution and removed Meshkov from power, charging him with exceeding his authority.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Crimean (621 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> fr:Goths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hun domination of the Ostrogoth kingdom began in the 370s, and under pressure of the Huns, Visigothic king Fritigern in 376 asked Valens (then Emperor of Eastern Rome) to be allowed to settle with his people on the south bank of the Danube.
		The red area is the extent of the Wielbark Culture in the early 3rd century, and the orange area is the Chernyakhov Culture, in the early 4th century.
		Etymologically, the name of the Goths identical to that of the Gutar, the inhabitants of Gotland, an island in the Baltic Sea.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/fr:Goths (3263 words)

	Crimea - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Crimean Tatars had to leave their homeland en masse, forced by the conditions created by the war, persecution and land confiscation.
		On 18 May 1944 the entire population of the Crimean Tatars were forcibly deported by Stalin's Soviet government as a form of collective punishment on grounds that they cooperated with the Nazi occupation forces.
		The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished in 1945 and transformed into Crimean Oblast (province) of the Russian SFSR.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Crimea (1931 words)

	Goths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Though many of the fighting nomads who followed them were to prove more bloody, the Goths were feared because the captives they took in battle were sacrificed to their god of war, Tyz http://www.northvegr.org/lore/grimmst/009_03.php(the one-armed Tyr), and the captured arms hung in trees as a token-offering.
		The Goths were briefly reunited under one crown in the early sixth century under the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great, who became regent of the Visigothic kingdom for nearly Two decades.
		The Goths are believed to have crossed the Baltic Sea sometime between the end of this period, ca 300 BC, and 100 AD.
	goths.iqnaut.net (1897 words)

	Goths - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Goths were an East Germanic tribe which according to their own traditions originated in Scandinavia (specifically Gotland and Götaland).
		Though many of the fighting nomads who followed them were to prove more bloody, the Goths were feared because the captives they took in battle were sacrificed to their god of war, Tyz [1](the one-Handed Tyr), and the captured arms hung in trees as a token-offering.
		In Poland, the earliest material culture identified with the Goths is the Wielbark Culture [2], which replaced the local Oksywie culture in the 1st century.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Goths (2712 words)

	The Crimea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Crimean Peninsula is not a large region, being almost exactly the size of the American State of Maryland, or a little smaller than Belgium.
		These rulers are of significance, for many of them were of Tauric Goth extraction, and thus leaders of the last remaining East Teutonic peoples until their disappearance as an identifiable ethnic group in the 18th century.
		Sudak is a city on the southern shores of the Crimean Peninsula, 50 miles (80 km.) northeast of Yalta and 24 miles (38 km.) west-southwest of Kaffa (Feodosiya).
	www.hostkingdom.net /crimea.html (1518 words)

	Gothic - Language Directory
		The language was in decline by the mid-6th century, due in part to the military defeat of the Goths at the hands of the Franks, the elimination of the Goths in Italy, massive conversion to primarily Latin-speaking Roman Catholicism, and geographic isolation.
		In evaluating medieval texts that mention the Goths, it must be noted that many writers used the word Goths to mean any Germanic people in eastern Europe, many of whom certainly did not use the Gothic language as known from the Gothic Bible.
		The relationship between the language of the Crimean Goths and Ulfilas' Gothic is less clear.
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/gothic.htm (612 words)

	The International Law standards applicable to the Crimean Tatar situation including the land property issues
		Crimean Tatars are practically in minority in all administrative districts of their Motherland, in the smallest ones.
		Crimean Tatars are not simply ethnic group or national minority, but the entire people so far as all elements of the definition are characteristic to its which were appeared during discussion of the definition by United Nation.
		Crimean Tatars have no statehood through which they would be able to promote their interests in Ukraine through the external protection and bilateral agreements because the own State of Crimean Tatars Crimean Khanate doesn't exist now and whose territory is under complete jurisdiction of Ukraine.
	www.unpo.org /article.php?id=1753 (7540 words)

	Crimean Goths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A Gothic principality around the stronghold of Doros (modern Mangup Kale) continued to exist through various periods of vassalage to the Byzantines, Khazars, Kipchaks, Mongols, Genoese and other empires until well into the 1500’s, when it was finally incorporated by the Girai Khanate.
		Many of them were Greek speakers and Many non-Gothic Byzantine citizens settled in the region called "Gothia" by the government in Constantinople.
		Crimean Gothic language texts from this region exist as late as the late 1500’s and Gothic communities appear to have survived intact until the late 1700’s, when Many were deported by Catherine the Great.
	crimean-goths.iqnaut.net (217 words)

	The War To End All Wars by Laurence M. Vance
		There are three things that came out of the Crimean War that most people are familiar with but have no idea that they are connected with it: the nurse Florence Nightingale, the poem "The Charge of the Light Brigade," and the novel War and Peace.
		After hearing of the deplorable conditions that existed in the British Military Hospital at Scutari, opposite of Constantinople, she arrived in the Crimea with 38 nurses on November 4, 1854, and soon began to improve the conditions at the hospital.
		The underlying cause of the Crimean War was the Eastern Question – the international problem of European territory controlled by the decaying Ottoman Empire.
	www.lewrockwell.com /vance/vance10.html (1582 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Goths
		Procopius, writing at this time, interpreted the name Visigoth to mean "western Goths", and the name Ostrogoth as "eastern Goth"?title=which corresponded to the current distribution of the Gothic realms.
		The "man"?title=interpretation, however, fits a general Indo-European naming analogy; e.g., Dutch, Deutsch, man, human, etc., and was preferred by Jordanes, who viewed the Goths as pouring forth from Scandinavia.
		Somebody acting with arrogance would be said to be "haciÃ©ndose de los godos"?title=("making himself to come from the Goths").
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Goths (3295 words)

	Total War Center Forums - The Goths
		Indeed the swedish king in the 9th century defeated the geats (goths, geats in anglo-saxon texts) and those people were most likely the descendants of goths, but goths in general were ost germanic tribes.
		The Goths who carved out the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy and the Visigothic Kingdom in Gaul and Spain were relatively small in number, forming a political and warrior elite dominating a substantially Roman population.
		One place where the Goths did survive as late as the Eighteenth Century was the Crimea, where they seem to have preserved their language and identity for over 1500 years.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?p=742200 (2857 words)

	Crimea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Crimea [kraɪˈmia] or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ukrainian: Крим, Автономна Республіка Крим - Avtonomna Respublika Krym, Russian: Крым, Автономная Республика Крым - Avtonomnaya Respublika Krym, Crimean Tatar: Qırım, Qırım Muhtar Cumhuriyeti) is an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea, and a peninsula of the same name.
		The trading towns held by the Genoese were conquered by the Ottoman general Gedik Ahmet Pasha in 1475.
		Swallow's Nest, one of the romantic castles of Neo-Gothic style near Yalta; built in 1912 by the order of a German baron Stengel according to a project of a Russian architect A.Sherwood.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Crymea.htm (2040 words)

	Venerable John of the Goths
		It is Saint John, Bishop of the Goths who laboured in the Lord’s Vineyard in the eighth century at a time when the Eastern Church was assailed by the controversy over Icons.
		He returned to his brothers and sisters, the Crimean Goths, but was soon compelled to depart from them under attack by the Khazars, a war-like semi-nomadic Turkic people most of whom had converted to Judaism.
		Hidden away from the pursuing Khazars, he settled at Amastridia (likely a form of the name “Amastris”, which is today Amasra, a small Black Sea port in Turkey – across the sea from Crimea) where he dwelt for four years.
	www.ukrainian-orthodoxy.org /saints/beauty/johnEng.htm (615 words)

	Goths - Enpsychlopedia
		The Goths (Gothic: 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃, Gutans) were an East Germanic tribe who, according to their own traditions, originated in Scandinavia (specifically Gotland and Götaland proper).
		From Scandinavia, the Goths migrated and set up a kingdom in Scythia (modern-day Ukraine and Belarus).
		The only source for early Gothic history is Jordanes' Getica, (published 551), a condensation of the lost twelve-volume history of the Goths written in Italy by Cassiodorus.
	enpsychlopedia.org /psypsych/Goths (2604 words)

	Amazon.com: History of the Goths: Books: Herwig Wolfram (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Goths led by Alaviv and Fritigern were seen as supplicants to the mercy of the Emperor.
		The Goths were not especially serious about their promise and had already set their sights on Thrace before even negotiating with the Emperor.
		The kingdom of Toulouse was settled in 418 A.D. & became the center of the Goth dominion.
	www.amazon.com /History-Goths-Herwig-Wolfram/dp/B00005W1Y7 (3080 words)

	Azores - IBWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Goths, a hardy fighting folk were not quickly forced from their lands.
		Some would suggest this to be the Goths, however, the record is highly inconclusive, and this should be held as pure conjecture.
		With this ready acceptance of technolgy, the Vissi became aware of their estranged cousins, the Crimean Goths, and a period of rapprochement was begun.
	ib.frath.net /w/Azores (1039 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Crimean Tatars
		In 1475 the Khan of the Crimean Tatars had recognized the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire as his sovereign.
		The Crimean Tatars dispatched a cavalry contingent whenever the Sultan requested it, and the Sultan provided military assistance when the Khan of the Crimean Tatars needed it.
		When the Khanate of the Crimean Tatars was dissolved in 1783, the ruling family moved into the Ottoman Empire (where they owned property); the former Khan was appointed Khan of the Bucak Tatars (in southern Bessarabia; 1812 ceded to Russia).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/russia/crimea.html (277 words)

	Footnotes to History- M
		Mangup- Mangup is a mountain in the center of the Crimean peninsula.
		When the Goths migrated west to the Roman frontier, a small remnant remained in the Crimea, centered around the fortifications at Mangup.
		Conquered by Justinian in the sixth century, the Crimean Goths converted to Christianity.
	www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natm.htm (4940 words)

	historical_love: It's Emperor Justinian! ^_^
		A second general, Narses, then arrived with reinforcements from Constantinople; Milan and all Liguria were taken in 539, and in 540 all Italy up to the frontier of the Frankish Kingdom was reunited to the empire.
		In 542 the Goths revolted under their king, Totila; by 553 they were again crushed.
		The Roman armies then marched on Spain and conquered its south-eastern provinces (lost again in 623, after Justinian's death.) Meanwhile the Crimean Goths and all the Bosporus, even the Southern Arabs, were forced to acknowledge the rule of Rome.
	community.livejournal.com /historical_love/108088.html (1687 words)

	Wikinfo \| Gothic language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In evaluating medieval texts that mention the Goths, it must be noted that many writers used "Goths" to mean any Germanic people in eastern Europe, many of whom certainly did not use the Gothic language as known from the Gothic Bible.
		There is also the case of the "Crimean Goths".
		A few fragments of their language dating to the 16th century exist today.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Gothic_language (410 words)

	The NDSU Libraries: Germans From Russia
		In order to preserve for the future detailed images of his vision of the past, the artist had learned and mastered lithography, the forerunner of photography, since it made possible quick reproduction of as many copies as desired of these pictures on paper.
		This is demonstrated by pictures of towers, walls and of the fortress and capital of the Crimean Goths, Mangup-Kale, the fortress Tschufût-Kale (also called the Jewish Fortress), and of the castle ruins of Sudak, Aluschta and Balaklava.
		His greatest successes were pictures that depicted locales of the Crimean War of 1853 – 1856, such as “Heroic Act of Shchegelov and his Battery,” “Explosion of the English Steamer-Frigate,” “Tiger,” “Defending two English War Steamers.” These were exhibited in Russia as well as in England.
	www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu /grhc/history_culture/photo/03kalendar5.html (680 words)

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